Machine Translation Archive

Index of Organizations and Affiliations

pre-1990 publications

arranged by country 

For publications since 2010, 2005-2009, 2000-2004, 1990-1999

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International

Association for Computational Linguistics

(1970) Warren J.Plath: Open letter from the President [of the Association for Computational Linguistics] The Finite String 7 (8), June 1970; pp.1-4. [PDF,  33KB]

(1970) Victor H.Yngve: Final report on the journal MT [submitted to the Association for Computational Linguistics]. Typescript, July 1970.; 23pp. [PDF, 105KB]

Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics

(1960) Helen Bronson: Special report [of planning committee].  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.521-522. [PDF, 60KB]

International Maritime Organization

(1989) Nicole Walls: The IMO terminology databank. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.50-58. [PDF, 43KB]

United Nations

(1989) Nigel Cassar: Computer tools to improve the work of translators.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.29-38. [PDF, 95KB]

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(1954) J.E.Holmström: The language problem of science. Research 7 (1954); pp.190-195. [PDF, 57KB]

 

Australia

La Trobe University

(1968) David Woodhouse: A note on the translation of Swahili into English. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1968; pp. 75-77 [PDF, 134KB]

 

Austria

Infoterm

(1988) Christian Galinski: Advanced terminology banks supporting knowledge-based MT: some reflections on the costs for setting up and operating a terminological data bank (TDB).  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.167-181. [note]

(1987) Wolfgang Nedobity: Classification systems for terminological databanks.  Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.145-153. [PDF, 40KB]

(1982) Helmut Felber: Computerized terminology in TermNet: the role of terminological data banks. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.8-20. [PDF, 208KB]

(1977)  H. Felber: International efforts to overcome difficulties in technical communication.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.86-99. [PDF, 166KB]

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

(1986) Jean Datta: Machine translation in a large organisation.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.67-73. [PDF, 38KB]

Wien, Universität

(1982) Hildegund Bühler: Chairman’s introduction [to Session 3 at] Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.47-50. [PDF, 17KB]

 

Belgium

Brussels, University

(1986) E.Luctkens & Ph.Ferment: A prototype machine translation based on extracts from data processing manuals. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 643-645. [PDF, 263KB]

(1981) Georges Van Slype: Economic aspects of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 79-93. [PDF, 97KB]

(1963) Lydia Hirschberg: Punctuation and automatic syntatic analysis. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.37

Bureau Marcel van Dijk

(1981) Georges Van Slype: Economic aspects of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 79-93. [PDF, 97KB]

(1979) Georges Van Slype: Systran: evaluation of the 1978 version of the Systran English-French automatic system of the Commission of the European Communities. The Incorporated Linguist, vol.18, no.3, Summer 1979, pp.86-89. [PDF, 106KB]

(1977) Jacques Chaumier: Assessment of SYSTRAN. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.74-82. [PDF, 135KB]

Centre de Terminologie

(1982) Caroline de Schaetzen: Terminology to suit your pocket. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.157-161. [PDF, 18KB]

Leuven, University

(1988) Rudi Gebruers: Valency and MT: recent developments in the METAL system. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 168-175. [PDF, 656KB]

(1988) Frank van Eynde: The analysis of tense and aspect in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.699-704. [PDF, 517KB]

(1988) Anthony Raw, Bart Vandecapelle & Frank Van Eynde: Eurotra: an overview. Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 5-32. [PDF, 218KB]

(1987) Frank van Eynde: Iteration, habituality and verb form semantics. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 270-277. [PDF, 174KB]

(1986) Lieven Jaspaert: Linguistic developments in Eurotra since 1983. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 294-296. [PDF, 282KB]

(1985) Frank van Eynde, Louis des Tombe, & Fons Maes: The specification of time meaning for machine translation. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 35-40. [PDF, 386KB]

(1984) Lieven Jaspaert: About the treatment of ambiguity in machine translation. ITL Review 64; pp.1-21. [PDF, 343KB]

(1982) Lieven Jaspaert: Deep cases for adverbial and prepositional phrases. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 137-138. [PDF, 77KB]

Mendez Translations

(1986) José Mendez: Machine translation in bureau service. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.48-53. [PDF, 28KB]

Senate

(1987) Jean-Marie Timmermans: The Conference of Translation Services of West European States. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.180-185. [PDF, 28KB]

Siemens

(1988) Rudi Gebruers: Valency and MT: recent developments in the METAL system. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 168-175. [PDF, 656KB]

 

Bulgaria

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

(1968) A. Ljudskanov: Is the generally accepted strategy of machine-translation research optimal?  Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1968; pp. 14-21 [PDF, 222KB]

Institute of Industrial Cybernetics and Robotics

(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.521-524. [PDF, 309KB]

 

Canada

British Columbia University

(1986) Randall Sharp: A parametric NL translator. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 124-126. [PDF, 304KB]

Bureau de Traduction

(1987) Ming Tsui: MT: application in Canada?.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 115 [PDF, 69KB] [Reprint as ‘Canada’ in section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 163]

(1977) A.J. Petit: Objective evaluation criteria for machine translation. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.557-567. [PDF, 108KB]

Canadian Workplace Automation Research Centre see Centre Canadien de Recherche sur l’Informatisation du Travail

CCRIT see Centre Canadien de Recherches sur l'Informatisation du Travail

Centre Canadien de Recherches sur l'Informatisation du Travail

(1989) Pierre Isabelle: Towards reversible MT systems. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 67-68 [PDF, 108KB]

(1988) Marc Dymetman & Pierre Isabelle: Reversible logic grammars for machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 201KB]

(1988) Pierre Isabelle, Marc Dymetman, & Elliott Macklovitch: CRITTER: a translation system for agricultural market reports. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.261-266. [PDF, 95KB]

(1986) Pierre Isabelle & Elliott Macklovitch: Transfer and MT modularity. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 115-117. [PDF, 239KB]

CLC Ltd.

(1985) Benoît Thouin: Translation and information processing: a Canadian viewpoint.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.95-108. [PDF, 55KB]

Collège Militaire Royal (St Jean, Québec)

(1969) T.R.Hofmann & Brian Harris: Machine transcoding. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 62: Collection of abstracts of papers; p.13. [PDF, 108KB]

Computational Linguistics Consultants Ltd.

(1981) Benoît Thouin: The METEO system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 39-44. [PDF, 26KB]

CWARC see Centre Canadien de Recherches sur l'Informatisation du Travail

EDS of Canada Ltd.

(1986) Stanley P.Sereda: Translations that communicate. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.96-101. [PDF, 24KB]

Environment Canda

(1986) R.Kittredge, A.Polguère, & E.Goldberg: Synthesizing weather forecasts from formatted data. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 563-565. [PDF, 312KB]

General Motors of Canada Ltd.

(1986) Stanley P.Sereda: Translations that communicate. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.96-101. [PDF, 24KB]

(1981) Stanley P. Sereda: Practical experience of machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 119-127. [PDF, 78KB]

Lexi-tech Inc.

(1989) Ron Fournier & Larry Rogers: Translation and republication of technical documents.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.91-93. [PDF, 15KB]

Mitel Corporation

(1981) Michael G. Hundt: Working with the Weidner machine-aided translation system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 45-51. [PDF, 58KB]

Montréal, Université de

(1988) Richard Kittredge: [review of] Machine translation: past, present, future [by] William John Hutchins (Ellis Horwood, 1986).  Computational Linguistics 14 (3), pp. 118-120 [PDF, 307KB]

(1987) Richard I. Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.59-67.

(1986) R.Kittredge, A.Polguère, & E.Goldberg: Synthesizing weather forecasts from formatted data. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 563-565. [PDF, 312KB]

(1985) Pierre Isabelle & Laurent Bourbeau: TAUM-AVIATION: its technical features and some experimental results.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 18-27 [PDF, 976KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 237-263.]

(1985) Richard I. Kittredge: The significance of sublanguage for automatic translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 154-166. [PDF, 143KB]

(1983) Daniel Pérusse: Machine translation. ATA Chronicle 12 (8), 1983; pp.6-8. [PDF, 49KB]

(1977) John Chandioux: Creation of a second-generation system for machine translation of technical manuals. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.613-621. [PDF, 112KB]

(1976) John Chandioux: METEO, an operational system for the translation of public weather forecasts. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.27-36 [PDF, 324KB]

(1976) John Chandioux: Leibnitz – a multilingual system [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.25 [PDF, 41KB]

(1969) T.R.Hofmann & Brian Harris: Machine transcoding. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 62: Collection of abstracts of papers; p.13. [PDF, 108KB]

Odyssée Recherches Appliquées

(1988) Richard Kittredge, Lidija Iordanskaja, & Alain Polguère: Multi-lingual text generation and the Meaning-Text Theory. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 196KB]

(1988) Richard Kittredge: [review of] Machine translation: past, present, future [by] William John Hutchins (Ellis Horwood, 1986).  Computational Linguistics 14 (3), pp. 118-120 [PDF, 307KB]

Saskatchewan, University of

(1967) A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967; xii,529pp.

(1967) Kathleen H.V.Booth: Machine aided translation with a post-editor. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.51-76.

(1965) A.D.Booth: Mechanical resolution of linguistic problems. In: Allen Kent and Orrin E.Taulbee (eds.) Electronic information handling, Washington, DC: Spartan Books, 1965; pp.41-50. [PDF, 89KB]

TAUM see Montréal, Université de

Teleglobe Canada

(1984) Linda Crombie-Talhami: Office automation and the Teleglobe experience. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.95-104. [PDF, 44KB]

Toronto University

(1989) Chrysanne DiMarco: [review of] Test coherence in translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert (Foris Publications, 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), p. 207 [PDF, 111KB]

(1988) Chrysanne DiMarco & Graeme Hirst: Stylistic grammars in language translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.148-153. [PDF, 535KB]

Traduction Automatique de l’Université de Montréal see Montréal, Université de (Canada)

Translation Bureau/Office  see Bureau de Traduction

 

China

China Software Technique Corporation

(1988) Dong Zhen Dong: MT research in China. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.85-92. [note]

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

(1989) Liu Zhuo, Fu Aiping, & Li Wei: JFY-IV machine translation system. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.] pp. 88-93 [PDF, 93KB]

(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine translation in the SDCG formalism.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 135-144. [PDF, 336KB]

(1984) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.243-246. [PDF, 328KB]

(1984) Xiuming Huang: Old men and women in glasses: a headache for computational linguists. Contrastes, Hors série A4, jan.1984; pp.101-110. [PDF, 30KB]

(1983) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 81-85. [PDF, 395KB]

Institute of Computing Technology

(1988) Chen Zhaoxiang & Gao Qingshi: English-Chinese machine translation system IMT/EC. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.117-122. [PDF, 573KB]

 

Czechoslovakia

Charles University, Prague

(1988) Alevtina Bémová, Karel Oliva, & Jarmila Panevová: Some problems of machine translation between closely related languages. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.46-48. [PDF, 352KB]

(1988) Zdeněk Kirschner: Traditional means in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.328-331. [PDF, 333KB]

(1988) Petr Sgall: On some results of the conference.  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.243-250. [note]

(1987) Jan Hajič: RUSLAN – an MT system between closely related languages. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;  pp. 113-117. [PDF, 288KB]

(1987) Eva Hajičova & Zdeněk Kirschner: Fail-soft (“emergency”) measures in a production-oriented MT system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 104-108. [PDF, 308KB]

(1987) Petr Sgall & Jarmila Panevová: Machine translation, linguistics, and interlingua.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 99-103. [PDF, 344KB]

(1984) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a dependency analysis of English for automatic translation. Contributions to functional syntax, semantics, and language comprehension, ed.Petr Sgall (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1984); pp.335-358. [PDF, 123KB]

(1982) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a device in dictionary operations in machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 157-160. [PDF, 232KB]

(1981) Eva Hajičova & Zdeněk Kirschner: Automatic translation from English to Czech. Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 35, 55-65. [PDF, 87KB]

(1975) Svatava Machová: Optimal linking of independent analysis and synthesis. In: Summaries of contributions [to] First National Conference on the Application of Mathematical Models and Computers in Linguistics, 3-9 May 1975, Bulgaria. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 20; p.72. [PDF, 42KB]

(1966) D.Konečná, P.Novák, & P.Sgall: Machine translation in Prague. Prague Studies in Mathematical Linguistics 1, 1966; pp.185-193. [PDF, 229KB]

(1966) P.Sgall & E.Hajičová: Computational linguistics in Czechoslovakia. Beiträge zur Linguistik und Informationsverarbeitung 8, 1966; pp.65-74. [PDF, 120KB]

(1965) Petr Sgall: Generation, production, and translation.  Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 16pp. [PDF, 90KB]

Mathematical Institute (Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences)

(1965) Karel Čulík: Machine translation and connectedness between phrases. Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 28pp. [PDF, 1217KB]

 

Denmark

Copenhagen University

(1989) B.Maegaard: EUROTRA: the machine translation project of the European Communities. In: J.A.Campbell and J.Cuena (eds.) Perspectives in artificial intelligence, vol.II: machine translation, NLP, databases and computer-aided instruction (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989); pp.39-47. [PDF, 111KB]

(1988) Annelise Bech & Anders Nygaard: The E-framework: a formalism for natural language processing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.36-39. [PDF, 345KB]

(1988) Bente Maegaard: Designing and testing linguistic development phases in a machine translation project. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.387-389. [PDF, 306KB]

(1986) Poul Andersen: Presentation of EUROTRA-DK’s ECS component. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.158-173. [PDF, 85KB]

(1982) Bente Maegaard: The transfer of finite verb forms in a machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 190-195. [PDF, 219KB]

(1979) Bente Maegaard & Hanne Ruus: Structuring linguistic information for machine translation: the EUROTRA interface structure. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 159-169. [PDF, 85KB]

Odense University

(1987) Poul Søren Kjærsgaard: REFTEX – a context-based translation aid. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 109-112. [PDF, 252KB]

Regnecentralen

(1962) K.G.Sellin: Machine translation and/or an international language. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.323-324. [PDF, 83KB]

School of Economics and Business Administration

(1982) Heribert Picht: Training terminologists for term banks. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.51-57. [PDF, 22KB]

(1979) Lene Frandsen & Bodil Nistrup Madsen: The setting up and operation of  a Danish terminological data bank (the DANTERM project). In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 121-131. [PDF, 52KB]

 

European Communities

Court of Justice

(1985) Ian Frame: Legal translators and legal translation: a personal view.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.21-35. [PDF, 65KB]

Euratom

(1972) Sergei Perschke: SLC-II: a programming system for natural-language text processing. A comparison with previous special-purpose programming languages. International Computing Symposium: proceedings, CINI Foundation, Venice, 12-14 April 1972; pp.73-81. [PDF, 221KB]

(1972) S.Perschke & H.Fangmeyer: Automatic thesaurus construction for information retrieval. Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, Italy: Annual Report 1972; pp.105-112. [PDF, 82KB]

(1971) S.Perschke & H.Fangmeyer: Methodology and software development for application in information science. Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, Italy: Annual Report 1971; pp.80-84. [PDF, 61KB]

(1968) S.Perschke: The use of the “SLC” system in automatic indexing. Mechanized Information Retrieval and Dissemination (North-Holland, 1968); pp.300-311. [PDF, 93KB]

(1968) Sergei Perschke: Machine translation—the second phase of development. Endeavour, vol.27; pp.97-100. [PDF, 76KB]

(1967) Sergei Perschke: Automatic language translation: its possibilities and limitations. EURATOM Bulletin 6 (2); pp.54-60. [note]

(1961) Y.Lecerf: Intrinsic machine addressing in automatic translation.  1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.284-312. [PDF, 132KB] [discussion]

European Centre for Automatic Translation

(1986) Leonard Siebenaler: Systran for ESPRIT and ECAT bureau service. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.54-60. [PDF, 22KB]

European Commission

(1989) C.N.Jansen van Rosendaal: Statements [on situation in European Commission, contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 69-71 [PDF, 53KB]

(1989) Loll Rolling: Practical experience in the application of MT systems. [Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 123-124 [PDF, 53KB]

(1989) Sergei Perschke: EUROTRA. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 113-119 [PDF, 92KB]

(1989) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks 1 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 187-191 [PDF, 121KB]

(1989) Jürgen Vollmer: Eurotra – goals, organization and framework design. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1989; pp.85-95. [PDF, 38KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Giovanni B. Varile & Peter Lau: Eurotra: practical experience with a multilingual machine translation system under development.  Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 160-167. [PDF, 522KB]

(1987) Peter Lau: Eurotra: past, present and future. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.186-191. [PDF, 31KB]

(1987) Peter Lau & Sergei Perschke: Morphology in the Eurotra base level concept. Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 19-25. [PDF, 522KB]

(1987) Sergei Perschke: EUROTRA: the EEC R&D programme for the creation of a machine translation system of advanced design.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 89-96 [PDF, 103KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 37-44]

(1987) Dominique Petitpierre, Stevn Krauwer, Doug Arnold, & Giovanni B.Varile: A model for preference.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 134-139. [PDF, 526KB]

(1987) Ian M.Pigott: Machine translation dictionaries. Terminologie et Traduction, 3.1987; pp.13-19. [PDF, 32KB]

(1987) Ian M.Pigott: Systran machine translation processing as an example of natural language understanding. Terminologie et Traduction, 3.1987; pp.21-31. [PDF, 36KB]

(1987) Loll Rolling: European Community policy on M.T.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 97-98 [PDF, 70KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 164-165]

(1987) Loll Rolling: Machine translation developments in 1986. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1987; pp.1-4. [PDF, 21KB]

(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 297-303. [PDF, 681KB]

(1986) P.J.Arthern: Four eyes are better than two.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.14-26. [PDF, 81KB]

(1986) P.J.Arthern: Terminology in the European Communities.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.53-60. [PDF, 78KB]

(1986) Andrew D.C.Evans: Systran – the translator’s viewpoint. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.17-23. [PDF, 57KB]

(1986) Ian M.Pigott: Current Systran developments at the EC Commission. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.10-16. [PDF, 81KB]

(1986) Loll Rolling: MT: recent developments. Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.109-113. [PDF, 24KB]

(1986) Loll Rolling: Summary of the panel discussion on sessions 1 and 2. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.63-64. [PDF, 12KB]

(1986) Peter A.Walker: The importance of word processing in the user environment. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.102-111. [PDF, 52KB]

(1985) Peter Lau: Elements of Eurotra today. Terminologie et Traduction, 3, 1985; pp.31-42. [PDF, 46KB]

(1985) Pamela Mayorcas-Cohen: The translator as information user.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.61-88i. [PDF, 106KB]

(1985) Ian Pigott: Machine translation as an integral part of the electronic office environment. Terminologie et Traduction, 3, 1985; pp.9-15. [PDF, 31KB]

 (1985) Ian M.Pigott: Machine translation as an integral part of the electronic office environment.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.144-151. [PDF, 34KB]

(1985) Patrick Sutton: Session II: summary of discussion 2.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.109-117. [PDF, 16KB]

(1985) E.Wagner: Post-editing Systran – a challenge for Commission translators. Terminologie et Traduction, 3, 1985; pp.1-7. [PDF, 31KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

(1984) Anne-Marie Laurian: Machine translation: what type of post-editing on what type of documents for what type of users. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.236-238. [PDF, 216KB]

(1984) Ian M.Pigott: The difficulty of developing logical algorithms for the machine translation of natural language. Terminologie Bulletin 45; pp. 7-19. [PDF, 47KB]

(1984) Peter J.Wheeler: Changes and improvements to the European Commission’s Systran MT system 1976/84. Terminologie Bulletin 45; pp. 25-37. [PDF, 48KB]

(1983) Ian M. Pigott: Recent developments in practical machine translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.97-103 [PDF, 32KB]

(1983) Ian M.Pigott: Systran machine translation at the EC Commission. Terminologie Bulletin 44; pp.23-29. [PDF, 28KB]

(1983) Elizabeth Wagner: Rapid post-editing of Systran. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.199-213 [PDF, 98KB]

(1983) P.A.Walker: A Commission of the European Communities user looks at machine translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.145-163 [PDF, 105KB]

(1982) A.R.Clarke: The scope for machine aids to translation – with a view from the sharp end.  Quinquereme 5 (1), 1982; pp.83-92. [PDF, 84KB]

(1982) Jacques Goetschalckx: Teminologists and their setting: the CEC experience. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.58-60. [PDF, 13KB]

(1982) Pamela Mayorcas-Cohen: Summary of discussion (sessions 1 & 2). Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp. 40-43. [PDF, 145KB]

(1982) Pamela Mayorcas-Cohen: Summary of discussion (session 5). Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.119-121. [PDF, 14KB]

(1982) Loll Rolling: Machine translation’s big ten years, 1980 – 1990. Luxembourg: the Commission of the European Communities, May 1982; 9pp. [PDF, 43KB]

(1981) J. Albert Bachrach: Introductory remarks [to Session 3: The posteditors’ experience.] Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 99-100. [PDF, 11KB]

(1981) Roy Green: The MT errors which cause most trouble to posteditors. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 101-104. [PDF, 15KB]

(1981) Bernard Lavorel: Experience in English-French post-editing. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 105-109. [PDF, 19KB]

(1981) Ian M. Pigott: The importance of feedback from translators in the development of high-quality machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 61-73. [PDF, 301KB]

(1980) P.J.Arthern: Aids unlimited: the scope for machine aids in a large organization. Machine aids for translators: Aslib Technical Translation Group conference and exhibition, London, 20 November 1980 (Aslib Proceedings 33 (7/8), July/August 1981); pp.309-319. [PDF, 192KB]

(1980) Peter J. Arthern: Machine translation – a translator’s viewpoint.  Lebende Sprachen, vol.25, no.1, pp.9-14. [PDF, 65KB]

(1979) Veronica Lawson: Tigers and polar bears: on translating and the computer.  The Incorporated Linguist 18 (3), Summer 1979, pp.81-85. [PDF, 87KB]

(1979) Georges van Slype: Critical study of methods for evaluating the quality of machine translation. Final report. Brussels: Bureau Marcel van Dijk [for] European Commission. [PDF, 887KB]

(1979) Georges Van Slype: Systran: evaluation of the 1978 version of the Systran English-French automatic system of the Commission of the European Communities. The Incorporated Linguist, vol.18, no.3, Summer 1979, pp.86-89. [PDF, 106KB]

(1978) Peter J. Arthern: Machine translation and computerized terminology systems: a translator’s viewpoint. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.77-108. [PDF, 253KB]

(1978) J. Goetschalckx: Eurodicautom. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 71-75. [PDF, 157KB]

(1978) Juan C. Sager: Multilingual communication: chairman’s introductory review of translating and the computer. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 1-25. [PDF, 196KB]

(1977) Jacques Goetschalckx: Automatic translation. Report of sessions 5 and 6 [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.142-146. [PDF, 84KB]

(1977) J.Goetschalckx: Terminological activities in the European institutions, with special reference to Eurodicautom. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.123-152. [PDF, 203KB]

European Patent Office

(1989) J.H.Petrie: Hardware and software for desktop publishing. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.69-74. [PDF, 29KB]

Joint Research Center

(1972) S.Perschke & H.Fangmeyer: Automatic thesaurus construction for information retrieval. Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, Italy: Annual Report 1972; pp.105-112. [PDF, 82KB]

(1971) S.Perschke & H.Fangmeyer: Methodology and software development for application in information science. Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre, Ispra Establishment, Italy: Annual Report 1971; pp.80-84. [PDF, 61KB]

 

Finland

SITRA Foundation

(1988) Harri Jäppinen, Eero Lassila & Aarno Lehtola: Locally governed trees and dependency parsing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.275-277. [PDF, 365KB]

(1986) H.Jäppinen, A.Lehtola, & K.Vaikonen: Functional structures for parsing dependency constraints. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 461-463. [PDF, 267KB]

(1986) Kimmo Kettunen: Letter to the editor: Is MT linguistics? Computational Linguistics, vol.12, no.1, January-March 1986; pp.37-38. [PDF, 158KB]

Helsinki University of Technology

(1986) H.Jäppinen, A.Lehtola, & K.Vaikonen: Functional structures for parsing dependency constraints. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 461-463. [PDF, 267KB]

 

France

Association Française de Normalisation

(1977)  J. Laurent: Utilization of the technical terminology standardized at AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation).  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.189-211. [PDF, 232KB]

Cap Sogeti Innovation

(1988) Miyo Otani & Nathalie Simonin: Functional descriptions as a formalism for linguistic knowledge representation in a generation oriented approach. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 165KB]

Centre d’Etudes pour la Traduction Automatique, Grenoble

(1966) B. Vauquois, G. Veillon & J. Veyrunes: Syntax and interpretation.  Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966; pp.44-54 [PDF, 339KB]

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

(1977) P.Brossier, A.Mamfredos, C.Milelli, & M.Zennaki: Integration of automatic translation modules in SPLEEN software, specially devised for documentary networks.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.513-527. [PDF, 159KB]

(1963) Yves Gentilhomme: La traduction automatique et l’enseignement du russe. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.35-36

(1961) Georges Mounin: Sémantique et mécanographie.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.72-75. [PDF, 135KB]

CETA see Centre d’Etudes pour la Traduction Automatique, Grenoble

CNRS see Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Ecole des Langues Orientales

(1961) P. Meile: On problems of address in an automatic dictionary of French. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.380-399. [PDF, 47KB] [discussion]

Gachot SA

(1989) Denis A. Gachot: The SYSTRAN renaissance. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 60-66 [PDF, 138KB]

Grenoble, Université: Groupe d'Etudes pour la Traduction Automatique see Groupe d'Etudes pour la Traduction Automatique

Groupe d'Etudes pour la Traduction Automatique, Grenoble

(1989) Ch.Boitet: Current projects at GETA on or about machine translation. In: J.A.Campbell and J.Cuena (eds.) Perspectives in artificial intelligence, vol.II: machine translation, NLP, databases and computer-aided instruction (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989); pp.48-73. [PDF, 198KB]

(1989) Ch.Boitet: Motivations, aims and architecture of the LIDIA project.MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 52-54 [PDF, 122KB]

(1988) Christian Boitet: Bernard Vauqois' contribution to the theory and practice of building MT systems: a historical perspective. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 18pp. (including bibliography) [PDF, 256KB]

(1988) Christian Boitet: Pros and cons of the pivot and transfer approaches in multilingual machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.93-107. [note]

(1988) Ch.Boitet & Y.Zaharin: Representation trees and string-tree correspondences. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.59-64. [PDF, 240KB]

(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive translation: a new approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.785-790. [PDF, 373KB]

(1987) Ch. Boitet: Current state and future outlook of the research at GETA.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 26-35 [PDF, 173KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 54-65]

(1987) Ch. Boitet: Technical prospects for MT.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 36-37 [PDF, 86KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 32]

(1986) Christian Boitet: Current machine translation systems developed with GETA’s methodology and software tools.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.114-132. [PDF, 169KB]

(1986) Ch.Boitet & N.Nedobejkine: Toward integrated dictionaries for M(a)T: motivations and linguistic organisation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 423-428. [PDF, 466KB]

(1986) Zaharin Yusoff: Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a natural language in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 136-139. [PDF, 403KB]

(1986) Rémi Zajac: SCSL: a linguistic specification language for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 393-398. [PDF, 414KB]

(1985) D. Bachut: On the production environment proposed for the Eurotra project.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 15-26. [PDF, 182KB]

(1985) Christian Boitet, Nelson Verastegui, & Daniel Bachut: Various representations of text proposed for Eurotra. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 73-78. [PDF, 419KB]

(1985) Ch. Boitet, P. Guillaume, & M. Quezel-Ambrunaz: A case study in software evolution: from Ariane-78.4 to Ariane-85.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 27-58. [PDF, 340KB] [abstract, 2pp.]

(1985) R. Gerber & Ch. Boitet: On the design of expert systems grafted on MT systems.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 116-134. [PDF, 690KB]

(1985) Bernard Vauquois & Christian Boitet: Automated translation at Grenoble University.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 28-36 [PDF, 983KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 85-110.]

(1985) Bernard Vauquois & Sylviane Chappuy: Static grammars: a formalism for the description of linguistic models.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 298-322. [PDF, 282KB]

(1985) N. Verastegui: On debugging environment proposed for EUROTRA.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 323-334. [PDF, 439KB]

(1984) Daniel Bachut & Nelson Verastegui: Software tools for the environment of a computer aided translation system. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.330-333. [PDF, 244KB]

(1984) Christian Boitet & René Gerber: Expert systems and other new techniques in MT systems. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.468-471. [PDF, 353KB]

(1982) Ch.Boitet, P.Guillaume, & M.Quezel-Ambrunaz: Implementation and conversational environment of ARIANE 78.4: an integrated system for automated translation and human revision. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 19-27. [PDF, 434KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet, P.Chatelin, & P.Daun Fraga: Present and future paradigms in the automatized translation of natural languages. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 648KB]

(1980) Ch.Boitet & N.Nedobejkine: Russian-French at GETA: outline of the method and detailed example. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 437-446. [PDF, 650KB]

(1977) Christian Boitet: Where does GETA stand at the beginning of 1977?  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.88-120. [PDF, 220KB]

(1976) B.Vauquois: Automatic translation – a survey of different approaches. [Presented at Coling 1976, Ottawa, Canada.]  Statistical Methods in Linguistics 1976, pp.127-135. [PDF, 103KB]

(1975) J. Chauche: The ATEF and CETA systems. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 21-40. [PDF, 3453KB]

(1973) Christian Boitet: Towards an adaptative and interactive system in automatic translation. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.731-759. [PDF, 543KB]

IBM France

(1961) M.Corbé & R.Tabory: Introduction to an automatic English syntax (by fragmentation). 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.616-652. [PDF, 138KB] [discussion]

Institut Economique et Juridique de l’Energie

(1977) Françoise Blamoutier: Training in the drafting of texts for documentation in controlled language for the purposes of automatic translation. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.495-511. [PDF, 161KB]

Institut de Formation et de Conseil en Informatique

(1985) Christian Boitet, Nelson Verastegui, & Daniel Bachut: Various representations of text proposed for Eurotra. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 73-78. [PDF, 419KB]

(1984) Daniel Bachut & Nelson Verastegui: Software tools for the environment of a computer aided translation system. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.330-333. [PDF, 244KB]

Institut Français de Pétrole

(1989) M.Moureau, G.Brace, & P.Boisserpe: IFP terminological databases and the compiling of specialised dictionaries.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.39-49. [PDF, 69KB]

Institut Textile de France

(1983) A.A.Streiff: New developments in TITUS 4.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.185-192 [PDF, 52KB]

Paris, Université de

(1984) Anne-Marie Laurian: Machine translation: what type of post-editing on what type of documents for what type of users. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.236-238. [PDF, 216KB]

Systran S.A.

(1989) Denis A. Gachot: The SYSTRAN renaissance. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 60-66 [PDF, 138KB]

(1989) Jean Gachot: Machine translation in everyday use. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.72-73. [PDF, 108KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

Unesco

(1961) M.Corbé & R.Tabory: Introduction to an automatic English syntax (by fragmentation). 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.616-652. [PDF, 138KB] [discussion]

 

Germany, East [German Democratic Republic]

Zentralinstitut für Sparchwissenscaht (Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften)

(1986) Jürgen Kunze: Transfer as a touchstone for analysis. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.51-64. [PDF, 70КB]

 

 

Germany, West [Federal Republic of Germany]

Berlin: Technische Universität

(1988) Christa Hauenschild: Discourse structure – some implications for machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.145-156. [note]

Boehringer Ingelheim Zentrale GmbH

(1988) Alain Paillet: User experience of Termbase.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.97-108. [PDF, 97KB]

(1984) Robert Ordish: Personal impressions of a machine translation system. The Incorporated Linguist vol.23, no.3, Summer 1984; pp.136-145. [PDF, 68KB]

Bonn, Universität: Forschungsgruppe LIMAS see Forschungsgruppe LIMAS

Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen

(1977) P. Canisius: Automatic partial translation in a multilingual information system.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.259-269. [PDF, 128KB]

Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie

(1989) J.M.Czermak: Address of welcome. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.61-63. [PDF, 64KB]

 (1987) Jan Michael Czermak: Governmental views of MT.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 38-39 [PDF, 73KB] [Reprint as ‘Federal Republic of Germany’ in section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 166-167]

Bundessprachenamt

(1987) Erika Hoffmann: The LEXIS termbank. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.154-160. [PDF, 31KB]

(1982) Erika Hoffman: Stages in the life cycle of LEXIS. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.186-191. [PDF, 23KB]

(1977) F.Krollmann:  User aspects of an automatic aid to translation as employed in a large translation service.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.243-257. [PDF, 145KB]

(1974) Friedrich Krollmann: Data processing at the translator’s service. Babel 20(3), 1974; pp.121-129. [PDF, 70KB]

codework Software GmbH

(1986) Thomas Pahl: Ensuring compatability in the Systran environment. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.112-117. [PDF, 25KB]

Deutsches Rechenzentrum (Darmstadt)

(1967) Paul O. Samuelsdorff: The application of FORTRAN to automatic translation.  Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 12pp. [PDF, 671KB]

Eurolex Computers GmbH

(1987) Cay-Holger Stoll: Translation tools on PC. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.11-26. [PDF, 71KB]

Federal Ministry for Research and Technology see Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie

Forschungsgruppe LIMAS (Universität  Bonn)

(1967) Gerhard Engelien: Programming of reversible systems in computational linguistics. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 5pp. [PDF, 227KB]

(1967) Klaus Günther Schweisthal: Semantically governed machine translation of BE-clauses with adverbs and prepositional phrases. Demonstration of a ring-model for German/English, English/German including analysis-synthesis, transformation, transition, and generation.  Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 11 pp. [PDF, 412KB]

(1962) H.Schnelle: The programming of grammar. In: Symposium on Modern Techniques of Language Translation. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.329-330.

Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung

(1989) Hans Billing: Promotion of MT in the public domain by the Federal Republic of Germany.  MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.50-52. [PDF, 60KB]

Heidelberg, Universität

(1986) Peter Hellwig: Programs for language analysis and inference (PLAIN): a workbench for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.210-226. [PDF, 94KB]

Hildesheim, Universität

(1989) Reiner Arntz: Practical experience in the application of MT-systems.[Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 42-43 [PDF, 61KB]

IBM Germany

(1969) István Bátori: Disambiguating verbs with multiple meaning in the MT-system of IBM Germany. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 31; 17pp. [PDF, 467KB]

Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Saarbrücken

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Randall Sharp: CAT2 -- implementing a formalism for multi-lingual MT. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 203KB]

(1988) Erich H.Steiner & Jutta Winter-Thielen: On the semantics of focus phenomena in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.630-635. [PDF, 466KB]

(1988) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: Universal quantification in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.791-795. [PDF, 479KB]

(1986) Johann Haller & Dieter Maas: Eurotra-D: linguistic research and software test systems for machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.177-196. [PDF, 65KB]

(1986) Johann Haller & Heinz-Dieter Maas: Linguistic research and software test systems for machine translation. Summary page for Eurotra-D. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.174-175. [PDF, 34KB]

(1986) Paul Schmidt: Valency theory in a stratificational MT-system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 307-312. [PDF, 618KB]

(1986) Erich Steiner: Generating semantic structures in Eurotra-D. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 304-306. [PDF, 180KB]

(1986) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: An empirically based approach towards a system of semantic features. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 7-12. [PDF, 617KB]

Kaiserslautern, Universität

(1980) Werner Dilger: Automatic translation with attribute grammars. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 397-404. [PDF, 530KB]

Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe

(1986) F.W.A.Habermann: Provision and use of raw machine translation. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.29-42. [PDF, 121KB]

(1985) F.W.A.Habermann: MT with Systran at Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center.  Terminologie et Traduction, 2, 1985; pp.1-8. [PDF, 83KB]

(1984) F.W.A. Habermann: Systran user. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.123-124.

Köln, Universität

(1969) Paul O. Samuelsdorff: Problems of German-English automatic translation. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 62: Collection of abstracts of papers; p.4. [PDF, 56KB]

Konstanz, Universität

(1982) Klaus-Jürgen Engelberg: Proposals for a hierarchy of formal translation models. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 90-94. [PDF, 161KB]

(1982) Christa Hauenschild: A pragmatic concept of theme and rheme for machine translation. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 121-123. [PDF, 113KB]

Krupp Industrietechnik GmbH

(1989) Gerhard Freibott: Practical experience in the application of MT systems. [Contribution to panel].MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 58-59 [PDF, 65KB]

LIMAS see Forschungsgruppe LIMAS

Mercedes-Benz

(1989) Khurshid Ahmad, Heather Fulford, Paul Holmes-Higgin, Margaret Rogers, & Patricia Thomas: The Translator’s Workbench project.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.9-19. [PDF, 89KB]

München, Ludwig Maximilians Universität

(1988) Roland Hausser: Computational complexity of left-associative grammar. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 196KB]

Nixdorf Computer AG

(1985) Wolfgang Heitmann: A user’s experience of the LOGOS machine translation system: a manger’s viewpoint.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.128-140. [PDF, 89KB]

Philips Kommunikation Systems Industrie AG

(1989) Patrick Little: METAL – machine translation in practice.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.94-107. [PDF, 101KB]

Saarbrücken: Institut für Angewandte Informatik see Institut für Angewandte Informatik, Saarbrücken

Saarbrücken: Universität des Saarlandes

(1986) Axel Biewer, Christian Féneyrol, Johannes Ritzke, & Erwin Stegentritt: ASCOF – a modular multilevel system for French-German translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.267-281. [PDF, 90KB]

(1986) Karl-Heinz Freigang: Research on machine translation at the University of Saarbrücken. Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.83-94. [PDF, 58KB]

(1986) Edith Kroupa: Multilingual aspects of reference information systems (MARIS). International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.227-241. [PDF, 83KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a tool for linguistic engineering. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 464-469. [PDF, 543KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt: A CAP parser generator for German. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.244-266. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt: Data about SAFRAN and SUSY-II. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.242-243. [PDF, 35KB]

(1986) Annely Rothkegel: Pragmatics in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 335-337. [PDF, 262KB]

(1985) Axel Biewer, Christian Féneyrol, Johannes Ritzke & Erwin Stegentritt: ASCOF - a modular multilevel system for French-German translation.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 137-154 [PDF, 1339KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 49-84.]

(1977) H.D.Maas: The Saarbrücken automatic translation system (SUSY).  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.586-592. [PDF, 101KB]

(1977) J. Weissenborn: The role and form of analysis in machine translation: the automatic analysis of French at Saarbrücken. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.593-611. [PDF, 147KB]

(1973) Annely Rothkegel: Idioms in automatic language processing. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.713-728. [PDF, 270KB]

SAP GmbH

(1983) Klaus E.Tschira: Looking back at a year of German-English MT with Logos. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.215-235 [PDF, 200KB]

Siemens AG

(1989) Thomas Schneider: The METAL system, status 1989. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 128-136 [PDF, 115KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Winfield S.Bennett: Methodological considerations in the METAL project. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 8pp. [PDF, 141KB]

(1987) Thomas Schneider: The Metal system, status 1987.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 105-111 [PDF, 112KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 122-127]

(1987) John S. White: The research environment in the METAL project.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.225-246.

(1985) John S. White: Characteristics of the METAL machine translation system at production stage.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 359-369. [PDF, 128KB]

(1984) G.Thurmair: Linguistic problems in multilingual morphological decomposition. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.174-177. [PDF, 377KB]

(1981) Jonathan Slocum: A practical comparison of parsing strategies. 19th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: proceedings of the conference, 29 June – 1 July 1981, Stanford University, Stanford, California; pp.1-6. [PDF, 705KB]

(1980) Karl-Heinz Brinkmann: Terminology data banks as a basis for high-quality translation. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; p. 463. [PDF, 94KB]

(1980) J.Schulz: A terminology data bank for translators (TEAM). Meta 25 (2), 1981; pp.211-228. [note]

(1978) Eberhard H. Tanke: Implementing machine aids to translation. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 45-69. [PDF, 270KB]

(1977) J. Schulz: A terminology data bank for translators: methods of interrogation in the TEAM system. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.153-188. [PDF, 191KB]

Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG

(1986) K.Hanakata, A.Lesniewski, & S.Yokoyama: Semantic based generation of Japanese German translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 560-562. [PDF, 332KB]

Stuttgart,  Universität

(1989) Ulrich Heid & Sybille Raab: Collocations in multilingual generation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 130-136. [PDF, 507KB]

(1989) Ronald M.Kaplan, Klaus Netter, Jürgen Wedekind, & Annie Zaenen: Translation by structural correspondences. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 272-281. [PDF, 845KB]

(1989) Christian Rohrer: New directions in MT systems. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 120-122 [PDF, 65KB]

(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The SEMSYN generation system: ingredients, applications, prospects. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA;  pp. 25-32. [PDF, 538KB]

(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The SEMSYN generation system: ingredients, applications, prospects.  Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 33-44. [PDF, 49KB]

(1986) Martin Emele, Walter Kehl, & Dietmar Rösner: Generating natural language from semantic representations – an AI approach to a Japanese/German machine translation project.. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.67-78. [PDF, 87KB]

(1986) Martin Emele, Walter Kehl, & Dietmar Rösner: SEMSYN – summary of system data. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.66. [PDF, 35KB]

(1986) K.Hanakata, A.Lesniewski, & S.Yokoyama: Semantic based generation of Japanese German translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 560-562. [PDF, 332KB]

(1986) Klaus Netter & Jürgen Wedekind: An LFG-based approach to machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.199-209. [PDF, 203KB]

(1986) Klaus Netter & Jürgen Wedekind: An LFG-based approach to machine translation: short description of system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.197-198. [PDF, 79KB]

(1986) Christian Rohrer: Linguistic bases for machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 353-355. [PDF, 319KB]

(1986) Dietmar Rösner: When Mariko talks to Siegfried: experiences from a Japanese/German machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 652-654. [PDF, 262KB]

(1984) J.Laubsch, D.Roesner, K.Hanakata, & A.Lesniewski: Language generation from conceptual structure: synthesis of German in a Japanese/German MT project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.491-494. [PDF, 312KB]

Terminologia Esperanto-Centro

(1988) Wera Blanke: Terminologia Esperanto-Centro – efforts for terminological standardization in the planned language. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.): New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.183-194. [note]

 

Hong Kong

Chinese University

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh, Hing-Sum Hung, & Luan Kong: A dual language translator. Advances in computer-aided literary and linguistic research: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Computers in Literary and Linguistic Research, University of Aston, Birmingham, 3-7 April 1978 (AMLC 1979); pp.107-115. [PDF,

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh & Luan Kong: An interactive on-line machine translation system (Chinese into English). Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 135-148. [PDF, 176KB]

(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh, Luan Kong, & Hing-Sum Hung: Machine translation of Chinese mathematical articles. ALLC Bulletin, vol.6, 1978; pp. 111-120. [PDF, 107KB]

(1977) S.C.Loh & L.Kong: Computer translation of Chinese scientific journals.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.631-645 . [PDF, 155KB]

(1976) Shiu-Chang Loh: CULT, Chinese University Language Translator [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.46-50 [PDF, 165KB]

 

Hungary

Computer and Automation Institute

(1988) Tibor Vámos: Language and the computer society. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988; pp.65-74.

Debrecen, University of

(1966) Ferenc Papp: Machine translation. Chapter 6 from: Mathematical linguistics in the Soviet Union (The Hague: Mouton, 1966; pp.100-126, [with bibliography, pp.138-165]. [PDF, 825KB]

(1964) F.Papp: Mathematical and applied linguistics at the University of Debrecen. Computational Linguististics 1964, vol.2; pp.213-218. [PDF, 76KB]

Hungarian Academy of Sciences

(1988) Tibor Vámos: Language and the computer society. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.65-74. [note]

(1965) D.Varga: Syntactic analysis in the case of highly inflected languages. Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 21pp. [PDF, 792KB]

National Education Library

(1988) Gábor Prószéky: Hungarian – a special challenge to machine translation? In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.219-231. [note]

Szeged, University of

(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 59-61. [PDF, 213KB]

 

India

Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.

(1982) Jayanta Ray: A review of terminological work being done in Indian languages. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.89-96. [PDF, 60KB]

 

Indonesia

Agency  for the Assessment and Application of Technology

(1987) Iman Sudarwo: The need of MT for Indonesia.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 113 [PDF, 66KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 168]

 

Ireland

Cara Data Processing

(1986) James Houston: Provision of Systran mainframe production service. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.43-47. [PDF, 18KB]

 

Israel

Hebrew University

(1967) Y.Bar-Hillel, A.Kasher, & E.Shamir: Measures of syntactic complexity. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.29-49.

 (1962) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Four lectures on algebraic linguistics and machine translation. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in Venice, July 1962. [Ed. Aldo Ghizzetti.] Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966; pp. 1-26. [PDF, 244KB]

 (1962) Y.Bar-Hillel: Machine translation: the end of an illusion [with discussion]. In: Symposium on Modern Techniques of Language Translation. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); p.331-332. [PDF]

(1960) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: The present status of automatic translation of languages. Advances in Computers 1, 91-163. [PDF, 353KB]

(1960) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: A demonstration of the nonfeasibility of fully automatic high quality translation. Appendix III of ‘The present status of automatic translation of languages’. Reprinted in: Y.Bar-Hillel, Language and information (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1964), 174-179.[PDF, 89KB]

 (1955) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Idioms. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 183-193.

IBM Israel

(1988) Danit Ben-Ari, Daniel M.Berry, & Mori Rimon: Translational ambiguity rephrased. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 9pp. [PDF, 143KB]

(1988) Igal Golan, Shalom Lappin, & Mori Rimon: An active bilingual lexicon for machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.205-211. [PDF, 678KB]

Technion

(1988) Danit Ben-Ari, Daniel M.Berry, & Mori Rimon: Translational ambiguity rephrased. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 9pp. [PDF, 143KB]

(1982) Yig’al Yannai: Innovation and neologism in modern Hebrew. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp. 31-39. [PDF, 174KB]

Tovna Machine Translations Ltd.

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

 

Italy

Bergamo, University

(1981) Francesco Rossi: The impact of posteditors’ feedback on the quality of MT. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 113-117. [PDF, 27KB]

EURATOM

(1964) David G. Hays: Connectability calculations, syntactic functions, and Russian syntax. Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964; pp.32-51 [PDF, 359KB]

(1963) David G. Hays: Connectability calculations, syntactic functions, and Russian syntax. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.36-37

(1961) Y.Lecerf: Intrinsic machine addressing in automatic translation.  1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.284-312. [PDF, 132KB] [discussion]

Milan, University of

(1967) Silvio Ceccato: Correlational analysis and mechanical translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.77-135.

(1962) Silvio Ceccato: Automatic translation of languages. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in Venice, July 1962. [Ed. Aldo Ghizzetti.] Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966; pp. 55-108 . [PDF, 370KB]

(1961) J. Barton: The application of the article in English. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.112-118. [PDF, 49KB] [discussion]

(1961) Silvio Ceccato & Bruna Zonta: Human translation and translation by machine, 1. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 222-246. [PDF, 76KB] [discussion]

(1961) E.von Glasersfeld, Sergei Perschke, & Elsa Samet: Human translation and translation by machine II. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.508-528. [PDF, 106KB] [discussion]

(1959) Enrico Albani, Silvio Ceccato, & Enrico Maretti: Classifications, rules, and code of an operational grammar for machine translation. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.693-753. [PDF, 402KB]

(1956) M.V.Heberden: Teaching the machine grammar.  Babel 2 (3), October 1956; pp.119-124. [PDF, 68KB]

(1955) Silvio Ceccato & Enrico Maretti: Suggestions for mechanical translation. In: Information theory: papers read at a symposium on ‘Information theory’ held at the Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by Colin Cherry, London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956; pp.171-180. [PDF, 62KB]

Pisa, University of

(1989) A. Zampolli: Computational linguistics and MT in Italy.  MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.197-199.[PDF, 103KB]

(1989) Antonio Zampolli: Italy. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 169 [PDF, 81KB]

 

Japan

Arthur Andersen & Co.

(1987) Ryozo Akiyama: Our experience in using Systran.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 13-14 [PDF, 58KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 150-151]

ATR Interpreting Telecommunications Research Laboratories

(1989) Masako Kume, Gayle K.Sato, & Kei Yoshimoto: A descriptive framework for translating speaker’s meaning – towards a dialogue translation systems between Japanese and English.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 264-271. [PDF, 658KB]

(1989) Akira Kurematsu: Research on automatic telephone interpretation. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 80-81 [PDF, 90KB] 

(1989) Rémi Zajac: A transfer model using a typed feature structure rewriting system with inheritance. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.1-6. [PDF, 486KB]

(1988) Kiyoshi Kogure, Hitoshi Iida, Kei Yoshimoto, Hiroyuki Maeda, Masako Kume, & Susumu Kato: A method of analyzing Japanese speech act types. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 197KB]

(1988) Izuru Nogaito & Hitoshi Iida: Noun phrase identification in dialogue and its application. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 138KB]

(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive translation: a new approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.785-790. [PDF, 373KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura & Hitoshi Iida: English-Japanese interactive machine translation system LUTE – AID. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.131-145. [PDF, 146KB]

Bravice International, Inc.

(1989) Chuck Walrad, Takehiko Yamamoto, Tom Seal, & Cheryl Bettels: [Contributions to Panel on market prospects. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

Center of the International Cooperation for Computerization

(1989) Hozumi Tanaka, Shun Ishizaki, Akira Uehara, & Hiroshi Uchida: Research and development of cooperation project on a machine translation system for Japan and its neighboring countries. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 146-151 [PDF, 95KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1987) Yoshihide Tsuji: Research and development project of machine translation system with Japan’s neighboring countries.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 116-120 [PDF, 126KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 50-53]

CSK Institute

(1986) Ikuo Kudo & Hirosato Nomura: Lexical-functional transfer: a transfer framework in a machine translation system based on LFG. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 112-114. [PDF, 342KB]

Defence Agency

(1968) Itiroo Sakai: Some mathematical aspects of syntactic description. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1968; pp. 32-57 [PDF, 1580KB]

(1961) Itiroo Sakai: Syntax in universal translation. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.594-608. [PDF, 55KB] [discussion]

Electronic Dictionary Research Institute

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida & Takahiro Kakizaki: Electronic dictionary project. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 83-86. [PDF, 156KB] 

(1987) Naohiro Kakizaki: Research and development of an electronic dictionary: current status and future plan.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 61-64 [PDF, 145KB]

Electro-Technical Laboratory

(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual information. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25 [PDF, 82KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation projects. [Introduction to session at MT Summit, 1987] In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 35-36. [PDF, 91KB]

(1987) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual information.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 53-54 [PDF, 100KB] [Revised version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25]

(1986) K.Hanakata, A.Lesniewski, & S.Yokoyama: Semantic based generation of Japanese German translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 560-562. [PDF, 332KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, & Masyuki Satoh: Concept and structure of semantic markers for machine translation in Mu project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 13-19. [PDF, 642KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.114-128. [PDF, 172KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Summary [of Mu machine translation system]. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.113. [PDF, 38KB]

(1984) Makoto Nagao: Outline of the machine translation projects of the Japanese government. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 12-17. [PDF, 61KB]

(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, & Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.42-47. [PDF, 461KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, Koji Yada, & Toshihiro Kakimoto: An English Japanese machine translation system of the titles of scientific and engineering papers. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 245-252. [PDF, 316KB]

(1959) S.Takahashi, H.Wada, R.Tadenuma, & S.Watanabe: English-Japanese machine translation. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); pp.194-199. [PDF, 125KB]

(1958) Ichiro Honda: [Report on ETL research], Mechanical Translation 5 (2), November 1958; pp. 49-50 [PDF, 69KB]

Facom-Hitac

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.114-128. [PDF, 172KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Summary [of Mu machine translation system]. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.113. [PDF, 38KB]

Fujitsu Ltd.

(1989) Shigeru Sato: Practical experience in the application of MT systems. [Contribution to panel].MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.] pp. 125-127 [PDF, 52KB]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 152-157 [PDF, 100KB]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS II: a machine translation system using conceptual structure as an interlingua. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 93-100 [PDF, 177KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: Interlingua – necessity of interlingua for multilingual translation. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 29. [PDF, 77KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS II: a machine translation system using conceptual structures as an interlingua. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 9pp. [PDF, 144KB]

(1987) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS: Fujitsu machine translation system.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 129-134 [PDF, 94KB] [Revised version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 93-100]

(1987) Hiroshi Uchida: Necessity for interlingua for multilingual translation.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 128 [PDF, 49KB] [Revised version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 29]

(1984) J.Laubsch, D.Roesner, K.Hanakata, & A.Lesniewski: Language generation from conceptual structure: synthesis of German in a Japanese/German MT project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.491-494. [PDF, 312KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, Koji Yada, & Toshihiro Kakimoto: An English Japanese machine translation system of the titles of scientific and engineering papers. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 245-252. [PDF, 316KB]

(1982) Susumu Sawai, Hiromichi Fukushima, Masakatsu Sugimoto, & Naoya Ukai: Knowledge representation and machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 351-354. [PDF, 304KB]

(1980) Hiroshi Uchida & Kenji Sugiyama: A machine translation system from Japanese into English based on conceptual structure. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 455-462. [PDF, 509KB]

Hitachi Ltd.

(1989) Hiroyuki Kaji: Language control for effective utilization of HICATS/JE. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 72-77 [PDF, 91KB]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Hiroyuki Kaji: An efficient execution method for rule-based machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.824-829. [PDF, 601KB]

(1987) Hiroyuki Kaji: HICATS/JE: a Japanese-to-English machine translation system based on semantics.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 55-60 [PDF, 122KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 101-106]

(1986) Masahiro Abe, Yoshimitsu Ooshima, Katsuhiko Yuura, & Nobuyuki Takeichi: A kana-kanji translation system for non-segmented input sentences based on syntactic and semantic analysis. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 280-285. [PDF, 556KB]

(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to structure-bound machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 107-111. [PDF, 476KB]

(1984) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Hiroyuki Kaji, Youichi Hidano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A proper treatment of syntax and semantics in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.159-166. [PDF, 556KB]

(1982) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima, Fumiyuki Yamano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A heuristic approach to English-into-Japanese machine translation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 283-288. [PDF, 305KB]

IBM Japan

(1988) Eiichiro Sumita & Yutaka Tsutsumi: A translation aid system using flexible text retrieval based on syntax-matching. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 14pp. [PDF, 219KB]

(1986) Tajiro Tsutsumi: A prototype English-Japanese machine translation system for translating IBM computer manuals. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 646-648. [PDF, 339KB]

ICOT see Institute for New Generation Computer Technology

Institute for New Generation Computer Technology

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]

(1987) Kazuhiro Fuchi: The FGCS project and machine translation systems.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 40-47 [PDF, 137KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 13-18]

I.S.S. Inc.

(1987) Yoichi Yamaoka: Computer aided translation system and computerized dictionary.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 141-142 [PDF, 55KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 145-146]

Japan Convention Services

(1987) Tatsuo Arai: The user-developer experience.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 24-25 [PDF, 89KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 147-149]

Japan Electronic Industry Development Association

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]

Japan Information Center of Science and Technology

(1989) Tatsuo Ashizaki: Outline of the JICST machine translation system. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 44-49 [PDF, 91KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, & Masyuki Satoh: Concept and structure of semantic markers for machine translation in Mu project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 13-19. [PDF, 642KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.114-128. [PDF, 172KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Summary [of Mu machine translation system]. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.113. [PDF, 38KB]

(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, & Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.42-47. [PDF, 461KB]

Japan Patent Information Organization

(1989) Tadaaki Oshio: Applied testing of HICATS/JE for Japanese patent abstracts.  In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 140-144 [PDF, 151KB]

(1987) Tadaaki Oshio: Applied testing of HICATS/JE for Japanese patent abstracts.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 87-88 [PDF, 107KB] [Expanded version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 140-144]

JEIDA see Japan Electronic Industry Development Association

Kyoto University                                    

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Jaime Carbonell, David Johnson, & Alvin Despain: [Contributions to Panel on the state of the art. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Japanese view of the future of machine translation. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.123-140. [PDF, 212KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: New directions of machine translation. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.378-384. [PDF, 74KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Two years after the MT Summit. Keynote speech at: MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 100-105 [2nd ed.: pp.117-122.] [PDF, 118KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit. Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989.

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Report on Machine Translation Summit. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 181-186 [PDF, 130KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Concluding remarks 3 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 197-200 [PDF, 100KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii & Makoto Nagao: Dialogue translation vs. text translation – interpretation based approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.688-693. [PDF, 483KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Yukiyoshi Muto, Yuuji Ikeda, & Makoto Nagao: How to get preferred readings in natural language analysis. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.683-687. [PDF, 259KB]

(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii: What is a cross-linguistically valid interpretation of discourse? In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.157-166. [note]

(1987) Makoto Nagao: Present and future of machine translation systems: an introduction to the MT Summit.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 84-86 [PDF, 93KB] [Revised reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 1-3]

(1987) Makoto Nagao: Role of structural transformation in a machine translation system.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.262-277.

(1987) Jun-ichi Tsujii: The current stage of the Mu-project.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 122-127 [PDF, 119KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 66-71]

(1987) Jun-ichi Tsujii: What is ‘PIVOT’?  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 121 [PDF, 88KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 28]

(1986) Makoto Nagao & Jun-ichi Tsujii: The transfer phase of the Mu machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 97-103. [PDF, 560KB}

(1986) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Solutions for problems of MT parser: methods used in Mu-machine translation project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 133-135. [PDF, 293KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.114-128. [PDF, 172KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Summary [of Mu machine translation system]. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.113. [PDF, 38KB]

(1986) Jun-ichi Tsujii: Future directions of machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 655-668. [PDF, 1436KB]

(1985) Makoto Nagao: Structural transformation in the generation stage of Mu Japanese to English machine translation system.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 200-223. [PDF, 332KB]

(1985) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Jun-ichi Nakamura: The Japanese government project for machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 91-110 [PDF, 1499KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 141-186.]

(1985) Toyoaki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: Machine translation: Japanese perspectives. Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.152-174. [PDF, 98KB]

(1984) Makoto Nagao: A framework of a mechanical translation between Japanese and English by analogy principle, Artificial and human intelligence: edited review papers presented at the international NATO Symposium, October 1981, Lyons, France; ed. A. Elithorn and R. Banerji. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1984; pp. 173-180. [PDF, 260KB]

(1984) Makoto Nagao: Outline of the machine translation projects of the Japanese government. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 12-17. [PDF, 61KB]

(1984) Makoto Nagao, Toyoaki Nishida & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Dealing with incompleteness of linguistic knowledge in language translation – transfer and generation stage of Mu machine translation project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.420-427. [PDF, 473KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Nakamura, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Makoto Nagao: Grammar writing system (GRADE) of Mu-machine translation project and its characteristics. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.338-343. [PDF, 403KB]

(1984) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Jun-ichi Nakamura, & Makoto Nagao: Analysis grammar of Japanese in the Mu-project – a procedural approach to analysis grammar. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.267-274. [PDF, 535KB]

(1983) Toyoaki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: An application of Montague grammar to English-Japanese machine translation.  First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 156-165 [PDF, 618KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao, Jun-ichi Tsujii, Koji Yada, & Toshihiro Kakimoto: An English Japanese machine translation system of the titles of scientific and engineering papers. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 245-252. [PDF, 316KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao & Jun-ichi Nakamura: A parser which learns the application order of rewriting rules. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 253-258. [PDF, 362KB]

(1982) Makoto Nagao: A survey of natural language processing and machine translation in Japan. Japan Annual Reviews in Electronics, Computers & Telecommunications: Computer Science & Technologies 1982; 2.1, pp.64-70. [PDF, 54KB]

(1982) Toyo-aki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: An English-Japanese machine translation system based on formal semantics of natural language. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 277-282. [PDF, 292KB]

(1982) Jun-ichi Tsujii: The transfer phase in an English-Japanese translation system. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 383-390. [PDF, 462KB]

(1980) M.Nagao, J.Tsujii, K.Mitamura, H.Hirakawa, & M.Kume: A machine translation from Japanese into English – another perspective of MT systems. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 414-423. [PDF, 926KB]

(1980) M.Nagao, J.Tsujii, Y.Ueda & M.Takiyama: An attempt to computerize dictionary data bases. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 534-542. [PDF, 760KB]

(1980) Toyo-aki Nishida & Shuji Doshita: Hierarchical meaning representation and analysis of natural language documents. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 85-92. [PDF, 635KB]

(1976) Makoto Nagao & Jun-Ichi Tsujii: Analysis of Japanese sentences by using semantic and contextual information. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 41; 75pp. [PDF, 3775KB]

(1965) Toshiyuki Sakai & Makoto Nagao: Sentence generation by semantic concordance. Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 21pp. [PDF, 1020KB]

Kyushu University

(1988) Hirosato Nomura: Meaning understanding in machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 138KB]

(1984) Sho Yoshida: A consideration on the concepts structure and language – in relation to selections of translation equivalents of verbs in machine translation systems. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.167-169. [PDF, 206KB]

Mazda Motor Corporation

(1989) Norihiko Saeki: Machine translation system at Mazda. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 136-139 [PDF, 155KB]

(1987) Norihiko Saeki: Machine translation system at Mazda.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 104 [PDF, 76KB] [Expanded version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 136-139]

Ministry of International Trade and Industry

(1989) Yukio Honda: Expectations for machine translation.  In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. ix-x. [PDF, 78KB]

(1989) Akira Kubota: Japan. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 170-171 [PDF, 87KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]

NEC Corporation

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1987) Kazunori Muraki: PIVOT: two-phase machine translation system.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 81-83 [PDF, 99KB] [Reprinted in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 113-115]

(1985) Kazunori Muraki, Shunji Ichiyama, & Yasutomo Fukumochi: Augmented dependency grammar: a simple interface between the grammar rule and the knowledge.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 198-204. [PDF, 450KB]

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation

(1989) Masako Kume, Gayle K.Sato, & Kei Yoshimoto: A descriptive framework for translating speaker’s meaning – towards a dialogue translation systems between Japanese and English.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 264-271. [PDF, 658KB]

(1986) Ikuo Kudo & Hirosato Nomura: Lexical-functional transfer: a transfer framework in a machine translation system based on LFG. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 112-114. [PDF, 342KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura, Shozo Naito, Yasuhiro Katagiri, & Akira Shimazu: Translation by understanding: a machine translation system LUTE. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 621-626. [PDF, 711KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura & Hitoshi Iida: English-Japanese interactive machine translation system LUTE – AID. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.131-145. [PDF, 146KB]

(1986) Hirosato Nomura: System summary of LUTE – AID. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.130. [PDF, 38KB]

(1985) Shozo Naito, Akira Shimazu, & Hirosato Nomura: Classification of modality function and its application to Japanese language analysis. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 8-12 July 1985, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; pp.27-34. [PDF, 690KB]

(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, & Hirosato Nomura: A case analysis method cooperating with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.154-158. [PDF, 433KB]

(1982) Hirosato Nomura: Terminology banks and dictionaries in Japan and their computer processing. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.72-79. [PDF, 58KB]

NSIS Corporation

(1985) Kazunori Muraki, Shunji Ichiyama, & Yasutomo Fukumochi: Augmented dependency grammar: a simple interface between the grammar rule and the knowledge.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 198-204. [PDF, 450KB]

Oki Electric Industry Co.Ltd.

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

Osaka, University of

(1980) Hiroshi Makino & Makato Kizawa: An automatic translation system of non-segmented kana sentences into kanji-kana sentences. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 430-436. [PDF, 694KB]

Osaka Prefecture, University of

(1988) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, Tadaaki Tani, & Tsunehisa Doi: Feedback of correcting information in postediting to a machine translation system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.476-481. [PDF, 691KB]

(1986) Fujio Nishida, Yoneharu Fujita, & Shinobu Takamatsu: Construction of a modular and portable translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 649-651. [PDF, 278KB]

(1982) Fujio Nishida & Shinobu Takamatsu: Japanese-English translation through internal expressions. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 271-276. [PDF, 328KB]

(1980) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, & Hiroaki Kuroki: English-Japanese translation through case-structure conversion. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 447-454. [PDF, 619KB]

Research Institute for Peace and Security

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.114-128. [PDF, 172KB]

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi Washio: Summary [of Mu machine translation system]. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; p.113. [PDF, 38KB]

Sharp  Corporation

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

Systran Corporation (Japan)

(1986) Eriko Akazawa: Systran Japanese systems. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.78-89. [PDF, 76KB]

Tokyo Institute of Technology

(1989) Hozumi Tanaka, Shun Ishizaki, Akira Uehara, & Hiroshi Uchida: Research and development of cooperation project on a machine translation system for Japan and its neighboring countries. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 146-151 [PDF, 95KB]

(1989) Hozumi Tanaka: Commercial machine translation systems. [Introduction to session at MT Summit, 1987] In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 91-92. [PDF, 89KB]

(1989) Hozumi Tanaka: Practical experience of machine translation systems. [Introduction to session at MT Summit, 1987] In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 135. [PDF, 83KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]

Tokyo University

(1986) Hee Sung Chung & Tosiyasu L. Kunji: NARA: a two-way simultaneous interpretation system between Korean and Japanese – a methodological study. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 325-328. [PDF, 395KB]

Toshiba Corporation

(1989) Shin-ya Amano, Hideki Hirakawa, & Hiroyasu Nogami: The TAURAS design philosophy. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 36-41 [PDF, 118KB]

(1989) Shin-ya Amano, Hideki Hirakawa, & Yoshinao Tsutsumi: AS-TRANSAC: the Toshiba machine translation system. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 107-112 [PDF, 142KB] [Revised version of paper given at MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1988) Shin-ya Amano, Hiroyasu Nogami, & Seiji Miike: A step toward telecommunication with a machine interpreter. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 10pp. [PDF, 119KB]

(1988) Seiji Miike, Koichi Hasebe, Harold Somers, & Shin-ya Amano: Experiences with an on-line translating dialogue system. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.155-162. [PDF, 647KB]

(1988) Hiroyasu Nogami, Yumiko Yoshimura, & Shin-ya Amano: Parsing with look-ahead in real-time on-line translation system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.488-493. [PDF, 480KB]

(1987) Shin-ya Amano, Hideki Hirakawa & Yoshinao Tsutsumi: TAURUS: the Toshiba machine translation system.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 15-23 [PDF, 119KB] [Reprint as ‘AS-TRANSAC’ in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 107-112]

University of Library and Information Science

(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Tetsuya Ishikawa, & Masyuki Satoh: Concept and structure of semantic markers for machine translation in Mu project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 13-19. [PDF, 642KB]

(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, & Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.42-47. [PDF, 461KB]

 

Korea

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute

(1988) Hee Sung Chung: A principle-based Korean/Japanese machine translation system: NARA. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 161KB]

KAIST see Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

(1988) Heidi M.Johnson, Yukiko Sekine, John S.White, & Gil C.Kim: Application of natural language interface to a machine translation problem. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 15pp. [PDF, 189KB]

(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, & Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic as an agglutinative language - On the Korean to Japanese translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.148-157. [PDF, 154KB]

(1986) Chang ho Park: On the Korean-Japanese machine translation: summary of the system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.146-147. [PDF, 36KB]

National Computerization Agency

(1989) Lee Kisik & Park Changho: Korea. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174 [PDF, 104KB]

(1987) Park Changho & Lee Kisik: The machine translation researches and governmental view in Korea.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 66-72 [PDF, 118KB] [Revised reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174]

Systems Engineering Research Institute

(1989) Lee Kisik & Park Changho: Korea. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174 [PDF, 104KB]

(1987) Park Changho & Lee Kisik: The machine translation researches and governmental view in Korea.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 66-72 [PDF, 118KB] [Revised reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 172-174]

 

Luxembourg

European Information Market Development Group

(1988) Barry Mahon: International (tele)coms: a guide for the faint-hearted.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.47-56. [PDF, 48KB]

Systran Institut GmbH

(1986) Jacqueline Guazzo-Jansen: Dictionary coordination. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.152-172. [PDF, 74KB]

(1986) Cay-Holger Stoll: The SYSTRAN system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.3-19. [PDF, 83KB]

 

Malaysia

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka

(1982) Abdul Majid Bin Abdul Latiff: New terms in a developing language: the Malaysian experience. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.80-83. [PDF, 62KB]

Language and Literacy Agency

(1989) Haji Khalid M. Hussain: Governmental views of MT [Contribution to panel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 66 [PDF, 59KB]

Ministry of Education

(1987) Ainon Muhammad: Malaysian governmental view of machine translation.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 80 [PDF, 75KB]

Universiti Sains Malaysia

(1989) Zaharin Yusoff: On formalisms and analysis, generation and synthesis in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 319-326. [PDF, 587KB]

(1986)Tong Loong-Cheong: English-Malay translation system: a laboratory prototype. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 639-642. [PDF, 410KB]

 

Mexico

Instituto Tecnológico de Chihuahua

(1984) Marco A. Clemente-Salazar: Use of c-graphs in a prototype for automatic translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.61-64. [PDF, 268KB]

 

Netherlands

Amsterdam University

(1985) Eveline Sleebos: Translators from Amsterdam: an informal history of the translation course at the University of Amsterdam.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.15-20. [PDF, 25KB]

Buro voor Systeemontwikkeling, Utrecht

(1989) Klaus Schubert: Dependency syntax for parsing and generation. In: Dan Maxwell & Klaus Schubert (eds.): Metataxis in practice: dependency syntax for multilingual machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications; pp.7-15.

(1989) Victor Sadler: Working with analogical semantics: disambiguation techniques in DLT. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1989. 256pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 5). Contents

(1988) Bart Papegaaij &  Klaus Schubert: Text coherence in translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1988. 211pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 3). Contents.

(1988) Klaus Schubert: The architecture of DLT – interlingual or double direct?  In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.131-144. [note]

(1988) Klaus Schubert: Implicitness as a guiding principle in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.599-601. [PDF, 135KB]

(1988) Dorine Tamis: The treatment of form determination for French in DLT.  Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 45-56. [PDF, 111KB]

(1988) Toon Witkam: DLT – an industrial R&D project for multilingual MT. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.756-759. [PDF, 294KB]

(1988) Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1988. 259pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 4). Contents.

(1987) Klaus Schubert: Metataxis: contrastive dependency syntax for machine translation. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1987. 250pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 2) [PDF, 7634KB]

(1987) Toon Witkam: Interlingual MT – an industrial initiative.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 135-140 [PDF, 106KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 128-132]

(1986) B.C.Papegaaij, V.Sadler, & A.P.M.Witkam: Experiments with an MT-directed lexical knowledge bank. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 320KB]

(1986) B.C.Papegaaij: Word expert semantics: an interlingual knowledge-based approach; ed. V.Sadler and A.P.M.Witkam. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1986.ix,254pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 1). Contents.

(1983) A.P.M.Witkam: DLT: distributed language translation – a multilingual system for computer networks. Feasibility study of a multilingual facility for videotex information networks. Utrecht: Buro voor Systeemontwikkeling, 1983. 8 files. [PDF]

Nijmegen University

(1988) P.C.Rolf: Machine translation: the languages network (versus the intermediate language). Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.544-548. [PDF, 440KB]

Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken

(1977) G.F. Stephan: The need for differentiated scientific and technical terminologies aimed at the different levels in education and practical human activities.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.213-216. [PDF, 101KB]

Philips Research Laboratories

(1989) Jan Landsbergen: The Rosetta project. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 82-87 [PDF, 133KB]

(1989) Jan Odijk: The organization of the Rosetta grammars. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 80-86. [PDF, 667KB]

(1988) Elly van Munster: The treatment of scope and negation in Rosetta. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.442-447. [PDF, 615KB]

(1987) Lisette Appelo, Carel Fellinger, & Jan Landsbergen: Subgrammars, rule classes and control in the Rosetta translation system.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 118-133. [PDF, 1161KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 313-318. [PDF, 574KB]

(1986) Lisette Appelo & Jan Landsbergen: The machine translation project Rosetta. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.36-50. [PDF, 114KB]

(1986) André Schenk: Idioms in the Rosetta machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 319-324. [PDF, 542KB]

(1982) Jan Landsbergen: Machine translation based on logically isomorphic Montague grammars. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 175-181. [PDF, 356KB]

(1980) S.P.J.Landsbergen: Adaptation of Montague grammar to the requirements of question-answering. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 211-212. [PDF, 117KB]

Tilburg Universiteit

(1985) Frank van Eynde, Louis des Tombe, & Fons Maes: The specification of time meaning for machine translation. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 35-40. [PDF, 386KB]

Utrecht Universiteit

(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]

(1988) Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louis des Tombe, & Louisa Sadler: 'Relaxed' compositionality in machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 21pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1987) Doug Arnold & Louis des Tombe: Basic theory and methodology in EUROTRA.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.114-135.

(1987) Dominique Petitpierre, Stevn Krauwer, Doug Arnold, & Giovanni B.Varile: A model for preference.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 134-139. [PDF, 526KB]

(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 297-303. [PDF, 681KB]

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

(1985) Louis des Tombe, Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A preliminary linguistic framework for EUROTRA, June 1985.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 283-288. [PDF, 138KB]

(1985) Rod Johnson, Maghi King, & Louis des Tombe: EUROTRA: a multilingual system under development.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 155-169 [PDF, 1406KB]

(1985) Frank van Eynde, Louis des Tombe, & Fons Maes: The specification of time meaning for machine translation. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 35-40. [PDF, 386KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

(1984) Steven Krauwer & Louis Des Tombe: Reflections on transfer in machine translation. Contrastes, Hors série A4, jan.1984; pp.69-80. [PDF, 47KB]

(1984) Steven Krauwer & Louis des Tombe: Transfer in a multilingual MT system. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.464-467. [PDF, 216KB]

 

New Zealand

Aorangi International University

(1987) Peter Toma: The elimination of obstacles to machine translation’s technical prospects.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 114 [PDF, 79KB]

 

Norway

Bergen University

(1987) Magnar Brekke & Roald Skarsten: Machine translation: a threat or a promise?  Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.71-79. [PDF, 42KB]

Oslo University

(1986) Patrick N.Chaffey: Translating administrative terminology using an Olivetti M24.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.95-104. [PDF, 68KB]

 

Poland

Warsaw, University

(1963) Irene Bellert: Necessity of introducing some information provided by transformational analysis into MT algorithms. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.33

 

Saudi Arabia

King Saud University

(1989) Mahmoud Esma'il Sieny: Machine translation in Saudi Arabia. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 143-145 [PDF, 59KB]

(1987) Mahmoud Esmail Sieny: Pan-Arab and international cooperation in technical terminology. Translating and Mthe Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.167-179. [PDF, 54KB]

Riyadh: King Saud University see King Saud University

 

Spain

Siemens CDS

(1988) Juan A. Alonso: A model for transfer control in the METAL MT-system. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.19-24. [PDF, 383KB]

(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]

 

Sweden

Lunds Universitet

(1988) Bengt Sigurd: Translating to and from Swedish by SWETRA – a multilanguage translation system. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.205-218. [note]

Nomenklaturencentralen

(1982) Kjell Åström: Aspects of term bank operation. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.179-185. [PDF, 21KB]

KVAL Institute for Information Science

(1980) Donald E.Walker & Hans Karlgren: Computer aids in translation. Lebende Sprachen, vol.25, no.1, p.14. [PDF, 16KB]

 

Switzerland

Compulex

(1989) Raymond Shah: Translation of engineering documentation with METAL. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 152-159 [PDF, 224KB]

(1987) Raymond Shah: Translation of engineering documentation with METAL.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; p. 112 [PDF, 69KB] [Expanded version in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 152-159]

Genève, Université de

(1988) Claude Piron: Learning from translation mistakes. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.233-242. [note]

(1981) Margaret King: Semantics and artificial intelligence in machine translation. Sprache und Datenverarbeitung, 5 (1/2), 5-8. [PDF, 99KB]

Genève, Université de: ISSCO see Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi Semantici e Cognitivi

IDSIA

(1989) R.Johnson & M.Rosner: A rich environment for experimentation with unification grammars.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 182-189. [PDF, 551KB]

Institut für Linguistische Datenverarbeitung

(1977) H.E. Bruderer: The present state of machine and machine-assisted translation. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.529-556. [PDF, 326KB]

ISSCO see Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi Semantici e Cognitivi

Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi Semantici e Cognitivi

(1989) Margaret King: New directions in MT systems: a change in paradigm.MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 78-79 [PDF, 53KB]

(1989) Margaret King: Using unification grammars for analysis and synthesis.  Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.364-371. [PDF, 37KB]

(1987) Dominique Petitpierre, Stevn Krauwer, Doug Arnold, & Giovanni B.Varile: A model for preference.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 134-139. [PDF, 526KB]

(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 297-303. [PDF, 681KB]

(1986) Margaret King: Machine translation already does work. [Contribution to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-13 June 1986, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; pp.269-270. [PDF, 135KB]

(1985) Rod Johnson, Maghi King, & Louis des Tombe: EUROTRA: a multilingual system under development.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 155-169 [PDF, 1406KB]

(1984) Beat Buchmann, Susan Warwick, & Patrick Shann: Design of a machine translation system for a sublanguage. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.334-337. [PDF, 356KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

(1984) Margaret King: When is the next ALPAC report due? Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.352-353. [PDF, 140KB]

(1981) M. King: EUROTRA: an attempt to achieve multilingual MT. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 139-147. [PDF, 35KB]

(1975) Yorick Wilks: [Letter on Logos MT system]. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 8-9. [PDF, 69KB]

Lausanne: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale

(1989) Giovanni Coray: Needs, research and perspectives in Switzerland [Contribution topanel]. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 55-57 [PDF, 62KB]

Zürich: Übersetzer- und Dolmetscherschule

(1984) Birgit Rommel: The professional technical translator: new approaches to training. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.3-14. [PDF, 63KB]

 

Syria

BAPCOMP

(1986) Burham Bukhari: BAPCOMP’s universal computer system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.95-111. [PDF, 247KB]

 

Taiwan

BTC R&D Center

(1988) Keh-Yih Su & Jing-Shin Chang: Semantic and syntactic aspects of score function. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.642-644. [PDF, 350KB]

National Tsing Hua University

(1988) Keh-Yih Su & Jing-Shin Chang: Semantic and syntactic aspects of score function. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.642-644. [PDF, 350KB]

US Medical Naval Research Unit

(1976) Richard See: Summary report on the FBIS conference. FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.82-83 [PDF, 125KB]

 

Thailand

National Electronics and Computer Technology Center

(1989) K. Sophonpanich & P. Thajchayapong: Thailand. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 175-176 [PDF, 85KB]

 

United Kingdom

Able Translations Ltd.

(1983) Peter Barber: The benefits from handling translations electronically. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.37-56 [PDF, 100KB]

(1983) Peter Barber: Summary of discussion (session 3). Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.141-142 [PDF, 12KB]

Ad-Ex Translations Ltd.

(1989) Patrick Sutton: Session 3: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.84-87. [PDF, 23KB]

Arrow Technical Translations Ltd.

(1987) Rainer Reisenberger: Publish and be damned! Principle and practice of desktop publishing.  Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.27-55. [PDF, 276KB]

Aslib

(1983) Aletta Stevens & Barbara Wilson: Summary of discussion (session 2). Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.87-88 [PDF, 42KB]

(1982) Valerie Gilbert: Summary of discussion (session 6). Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.151-152. [PDF, 11KB]

(1982) Valerie Gilbert: Summary of discussion (session 8). Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); p.192. [PDF, 8KB]

(1982) Wendy Glover: Summary of discussion (session 7). Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); p.174. [PDF, 9KB]

(1981) Barbara Kostrewski & Peter Taylor: Discussion on Session 3: The posteditors’ experience.  Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); [part 1] pp. 111-112. [PDF, 12KB]; [part 2] p.127 [PDF, 8KB]; [part 3] pp.135-136 [PDF, 10KB]

Aston University

(1988) Francis E.Knowles: Machine aids for translators: what does the future betoken?  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.125-135. [PDF, 58KB]

(1987) F. Knowles, G. Jelinek & M. McGee Wood: The Alvey Japanese and English machine translation project.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 73-78 [PDF, 101KB] [Reprint as ‘Alvey project’ in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 45-49]

(1981) Francis E. Knowles: The pivotal role of the various dictionaries in an MT system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 149-162. [PDF, 88KB]

(1978) F. Knowles: Error analysis of Systran output – a suggested criterion for the ‘internal’ evaluation of translation quality and a possible corrective for system design. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 109-133. [PDF, 222KB]

Bath University

(1982) Peter G.Emery: Towards the creation of a unified scientific terminology in Arabic. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.84-88. [PDF, 67KB]

Bayer UK Ltd.

(1988) Bob Hinchliffe: Session 1: summary of the discussion.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.42-43. [PDF, 13KB]

Birkbeck College, London

(1967) Michael Levison: The computer in literary studies. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.173-194.

 (1963) A.D.Booth: “Invisible lunatic”.  Nature 200, November 2, 1963; pp.392-393. [PDF, 24KB]

(1961) Michael Levison: The mechanical analysis of language. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.562-574. [PDF,

(1959) Andrew D. Booth: The current status of direct input in Great Britain.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.887-893. [PDF, 42KB]

(1959) Andrew D. Booth: Syntactic processing for machine translation and its implications for cost and speed.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.759-763. [PDF, 30KB]

 (1958) A.D.Booth: The history and recent progress of machine translation. In: Aspects of translation (Studies in Communication 2). London: Secker & Warburg; pp.88-104. [PDF, 69KB]

 (1958) A.D.Booth: Progress in machine translation. New Scientist vol. 4, 665-667. [PDF, 52KB]

(1958) Andrew D.Booth: Translating machines (The Social Consequences of Automation.) International Social Science Bulletin 10; pp.55-62. [PDF, 55KB]

(1958) Leonard Brandwood: Some problems in the mechanical translation of German, Mechanical Translation 5 (2), November 1958; pp. 60-66 [PDF, 142KB]

(1957) John P.Cleave: Report on the work in MT at Birkbeck College, University of London. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.535-537.

(1957) J.P.Cleave: A type of program for mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 54-58 [PDF, 153KB]

(1957) John P. Cleave: A model for mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 2-4 [PDF, 102KB]

 (1956) A.D.Booth: Introduction [to] Session on the computer in a non-arithmetic role, at the Convention on Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part B: Supplement no.3 (1956); pp.450-451. [PDF, 85KB]

 (1956) Andrew D.Booth: Present objectives of MT research in the United Kingdom. Babel 2 (3), October 1956; pp.108-110. [PDF, 34KB]

(1956) L. Brandwood: Mechanical translation of French, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 52-61 [PDF, 164KB]

(1956) L.Brandwood: Previous experiments in mechanical translation. Babel 2 (3), October 1956; pp.125-127. [PDF, 28KB]

(1956) L.Brandwood: The translation of a foreign language by machine.  Babel 2 (3), October 1956; pp.111-118. [PDF, 72KB]

 (1955) A.Donald Booth & William N.Locke: Historical introduction. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp.1-14.

 (1955) A.D.Booth: Influence of context on translation. In: Information theory: papers read at a symposium on ‘Information theory’ held at the Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by Colin Cherry, London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956; pp.181-183. [PDF, 19KB]

 (1955) A.Donald Booth: Storage devices. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 119-123.

 (1955) Andrew D.Booth: Use of a computing machine as a mechanical dictionary.  Nature, September 17, 1955;  vol.176, p.565. [PDF,

(1955) John P. Cleave: Braille transcription, Mechanical Translation 2 (3), December 1955; pp. 50-53 [PDF, 129KB]

(1955) J.P.Cleave: A programme for Braille transcription [with discussion]. In: Information theory: papers read at a symposium on ‘Information theory’ held at the Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by Colin Cherry, London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956; pp.184-193. [PDF, 98KB]

(1955) R.H.Richens & A.D.Booth: Some methods of mechanized translation. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 24-46.

(1954) Andrew D.Booth: Calculating machines and mechanical translation. Discovery 15 (7), July 1954; pp.280-285. [PDF, 147KB]

(1952) R.H.Richens & A.D.Booth: Some methods of mechanized translation. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 15pp. [PDF, 178KB]

Birmingham University

(1982) John Sinclair: Chairman’s introduction [to Session 4 at} Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.69-71. [PDF, 45KB]

(1955) D.A.Bell & Alan S.C.Ross: Negative entropy of Welsh words [with discussion]. In: Information theory: papers read at a symposium on ‘Information theory’ held at the Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by Colin Cherry, London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956; pp.149-153. [PDF, 98KB]

Bradford University

(1986) Anthony F.Hartley: Continuing training for the language professions: a survey of needs.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.8-13. [PDF, 27KB]

British Library

(1984) John Clews: World scripts (background paper). Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.147-165. [PDF, 133KB]

(1982) Paul Baxter: Chairman’s introduction [to session 8 at] Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.177-178. [PDF, 12KB]

British Rail

(1983) John Gardam: Summary of discussion (session 1). Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.31-33 [PDF, 44KB]

British Standards Institution

(1982) Stella G.Dextre: The BSI root thesaurus: does it serve translators? Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.137-144. [PDF, 54KB]

(1982) J.Reading: The preparation and publication of glossaries by the International Electrotechnical Committee. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.25-26. [PDF, 149KB]

(1982) Brian D. Roden: Chairman’s introduction [to Session 1 at] Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); p.5 [PDF, 119KB]

British Telecom

(1989) E.A.Cordon: Session 5: summary of the discussion.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.118-119. [PDF, 11KB]

(1987) Malcolm Jones: New ways to communicate: services provided by British Telecom. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.56-68. [PDF, 51KB]

(1984) D.W.F.Medcraft: Intenational telecommunications. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp. 33-38. [PDF, 25KB]

Calikarn Ltd.

(1977) I.D.K. Kelly: PROTRAN – a generalized translation tool for natural and algorithmic languages.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.647-660. [PDF, 182KB]

Cambridge Language Research Unit

(1988) Yorick Wilks: Themes in the work of Margaret Masterman.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.148-160. [PDF, 64KB]

(1981) Margaret Masterman: The limits of innovation in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 163-186. [PDF, 161KB]

(1978) Margaret Masterman: The essential skills to be acquired for machine translation. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp.159-180. [PDF, 347KB]

(1967) Margaret Masterman: Man-aided computer translation from English into French using an on-line system to manipulate a bi-lingual conceptual dictionary, or thesaurus. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 22pp. [PDF, 887KB]

(1967) Margaret Masterman: Mechanical pidgin translation: an estimate of the research value of ‘word-for-word’ translation into a pidgin language, rather than into the full normal form of an output language.  In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.195-227.

(1967) David Shillan: Segmenting natural language by articulatory features. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 11pp. [PDF, 448KB]

(1965) R.M.Needham: Applications of the theory of clumps. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.113-127 [PDF, 269KB]

(1965) K. Sparck Jones: Experiments in semantic classification. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.97-112 [PDF, 263KB]

(1962) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: Syntax. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in Venice, July 1962. [Ed. Aldo Ghizzetti.] Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966; pp. 167-203. [PDF, 212KB]

(1961) Margaret Masterman: Semantic message detection for machine translation, using an interlingua.  1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.438-474. [PDF, 109KB] [discussion]

(1961) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: A new model of syntactic description. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.26-60. [PDF, 114KB] [discussion]

(1961) K. Sparck Jones: Mechanised semantic classification. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.418-433. [PDF, 123КB] [discussion]

(1959) Margaret Masterman: [contribution to] Discussion [of] K.E.Harper and D.G.Hays: The use of machines in the construction of a grammar and computer program for structural analysis. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp. 193-194. [PDF]

(1959) Margaret Masterman: [contributions to] Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); p.220. [PDF]

(1959) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: Some recent work on thesauric and interlingual methods in machine translation.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.923-934. [PDF, 66KB]

(1959) A.F.Parker-Rhodes & R.M.Needham: A reduction method for non-arithmetic data and its application to thesauric translation. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); pp.321-326. [PDF, 63KB]

(1958) M.Masterman, R.M.Needham, & K.Spärck Jones: The analogy between mechanical translation and library retrieval. Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information, Washington, D.C., November 16-21, 1958 (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council, 1959); pp.917-935. [PDF, 104KB]

(1958) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: The use of statistics in language research, Mechanical Translation 5 (2), November 1958; pp. 67-73 [PDF, 137KB]

(1957) M.A.K.Halliday: Report on the work in MT by the Cambridge Language Research Group, Cambridge, England. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.527-533.

(1957) M.M.Masterman: The thesaurus in syntax and semantics, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 35-43 [PDF, 156KB]

(1957) R.H.Richens & M.A.K.Halliday: Word decomposition for machine translation.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.71-78. [PDF, 38KB]

(1956) E.W.Bastin: General mathematical problems involved in mechanical translation [Abstract], Mechanical Translation 3 (1), July 1956; p. 6 [PDF, 222KB]

(1956): Report on research, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 36-37 [PDF, 88KB]

(1956) R.A.Crossland: Graphic linguistics and its terminology, Mechanical Translation 3 (1), July 1956; pp. 8-11 [PDF, 109KB]

(1956) M.A.K.Halliday: The linguistic basis of a mechanical thesaurus, Mechanical Translation 3 (3), December 1956; pp. 81-88 [PDF, 156KB]

(1956) M.Masterman: New techniques for analyzing sentence patterns [Abstract], Mechanical Translation 3 (1), July 1956; pp. 4-5 [PDF, 222KB]

(1956) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: Computer operations required for mechanical translation. Session on the computer in a non-arithmetic role, at the Convention on Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part B: Supplement no.3 (1956); pp.453-455. [PDF, 54KB]

(1956) A.F. Parker-Rhodes: Author’s reply to discussion on ‘the computer in a non-arithmetic role’ at the Convention on Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part B: Supplement no.3 (1956); p.475. [PDF, 19KB]

(1956) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: An electronic computer program for translating Chinese into English, Mechanical Translation 3 (1), July 1956; pp. 14-19 [PDF, 119KB]

(1956) R.H.Richens: Preprogramming for mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 3 (1), July 1956; pp. 20-25 [PDF, 111KB]

Cambridge University

(1978) P.H.Nancarrow: The Chinese University Language Translator (CULT) – a report. ALLC Bulletin, vol.6, 1978; p. 121. [PDF, 40KB]

(1968) Yorick Wilks: On-line semantic analysis of English texts. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1968; pp. 59-72 [PDF, 243KB]

(1965)  R.M.Needham: Semantic problems of machine translation. Information Processing 1965: proceedings of IFIP Congress 65, New York City, May 24-29, 1965 (Washington, D.C., Spartan Books, 1965); pp.65-69. [PDF, 47KB]

Cardiff, University

(1973) T.D.Crawford: Project BABEL: machine translation with English as the target language. In: Alan Jones and R.F.Churchouse (eds.) The computer in literary and linguistic studies, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1973; pp.223-229. [PDF, 111KB]

(1973) T.D.Crawford: A review of the Cardiff machine translation project. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.761-771. [PDF, 214KB]

City University

(1981) Barbara Kostrewski & Peter Taylor: Discussion on Session 3: The posteditors’ experience.  Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); [part 1] pp. 111-112. [PDF, 12KB]; [part 2] p.127 [PDF, 8KB]; [part 3] pp.135-136 [PDF, 10KB]

Civil Aviation Authority

(1982) John Dancer: Words in the air. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.6-7. [PDF, 136KB]

College of Librarianship Wales

(1988) J.A.Large: Information on demand: online retrieval from external databases.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.57-66. [PDF, 52KB]

Commonwealth Bureau of Plant Breeding and Genetics

(1955) R.H.Richens & A.D.Booth: Some methods of mechanized translation. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 24-46.

(1952) R.H.Richens & A.D.Booth: Some methods of mechanized translation. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 15pp. [PDF, 178KB]

COMTEC Translating and Interpreting Service

(1988) Isabella Moore: Criteria for selecting MT systems. Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.18-30. [PDF, 59KB]

Dictaphone Company Ltd.

(1989) Fred McKenzie: The use of computer technology to store and redistribute voice as an aid to translation services.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.79-83. [PDF, 28KB]

Digital Equipment Corporation

(1988) Julie Slade: Session 2: summary of the discussion.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.68-69. [PDF, 11KB]

(1986) David Smith: Translation practice in Europe.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.74-82. [PDF, 40KB]

East Anglia, University of

(1989) John Hutchins: [review of] Machine translation today: the state of the art [ed. by] Margaret King (Edinburgh University Press, 1987).  Computational Linguistics 15 (2), pp. 117-120 [PDF, 509KB]

(1988) W.John Hutchins: Recent developments in machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.7-63. [note]

(1987) W. John Hutchins: Prospects in machine translation.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 48-52 [PDF, 88KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 7-12]

(1986) W.J.Hutchins: Machine translation: past, present, future. Chichester: Ellis Horwood; New York: Halsted Press. 382pp. [PDF files]

(1983) W.J.Hutchins: Summary of discussion (session 4). Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.181-182 [PDF, 10KB]

(1983) Lanna Castellano, W.J.Hutchins & Geoffrey Kingscott: Summary of discussion (session 5). Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.237-240 [PDF, 19KB]

(1981) W. John Hutchins: The evolution of machine translation systems. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 21-37. [PDF, 107KB]

(1981) W. John Hutchins: Discussion on Session 4: Speculation: The limits of innovation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 187-188. [PDF, 10KB]

(1979) John Hutchins: Linguistic models in machine translation. UEA Papers in Linguistics 9, January 1979; pp.29-52. [PDF, 160KB]

(1978) W.J.Hutchins: Machine translation and machine-aided translation. Journal of Documentation 34 (2), pp. 119-159. [PDF, 378KB]

Edinburgh University

(1989) Henry Thompson: Speech recognition, artificial intelligence and translation: how rosy a future?  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.113-117. [PDF, 36KB]

(1988) John L. Beaven & Pete Whitelock: Machine translation using isomorphic UCGs. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.32-35. [PDF, 386KB]

(1986) Peter J.Whitelock: Japanese machine translation in Japan and the rest of the world.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.147-159. [PDF, 72KB]

(1976) Yorick Wilks: Semantics and world knowledge in MT [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.67-69 [PDF, 102KB]

(1963) M.A.K.Halliday: Linguistics and machine translation. Zeitschrift für Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung  15 (1963); pp.145-157. [PDF, 166KB]

Editorial Consultancy and Services

(1985) Julie Harnett: Developments in OCR for automatic data entry.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.109-117. [PDF, 36KB]

Essex, University of

(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine translation.  Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]

(1988) Douglas Arnold: Text typology and machine translation: an overview.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.73-79. [PDF, 36KB]

(1988) Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louis des Tombe, & Louisa Sadler: 'Relaxed' compositionality in machine translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 21pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1987) Doug Arnold & Louis des Tombe: Basic theory and methodology in EUROTRA.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.114-135.

(1987) Dominique Petitpierre, Stevn Krauwer, Doug Arnold, & Giovanni B.Varile: A model for preference.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 134-139. [PDF, 526KB]

(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 297-303. [PDF, 681KB]

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

(1985) Louis des Tombe, Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A preliminary linguistic framework for EUROTRA, June 1985.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 283-288. [PDF, 138KB]

(1984) Doug Arnold & Rod Johnson: Robust processing in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.472-475. [PDF, 354KB]

(1983) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation environment. First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 81-85. [PDF, 395KB]

(1981) Yorick Wilks: Concluding remarks. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 189-190. [PDF, 10KB]

(1978) Yorick Wilks: Machine translation and artificial intelligence. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 27-43. [PDF, 199KB]

(1977) Yorick Wilks: Frames for machine translation. New Scientist, vol.76, 22/29 December 1977; pp.802-803. [PDF, 865KB]

(1977) Yorick Wilks: Time flies like an arrow. New Scientist, vol.76, 15 December 1977; pp.696-698. [PDF, 95KB]

European Institute for the Media

(1988) Georg-Michael Luyken: Language conversion in the audiovisual media: a growth area with new technical applications and professional qualifications.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.136-147. [PDF, 63KB]

Flambard (European) Ltd.

(1982) Christopher T.Percival: A glossary in print: the problems and rewards of producing your own glossary for sale. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.162-173. [PDF, 64KB]

Hayes Engineering Services

(1987) John Hayes: The three faces of Joyce: word processors and other hardware allegedly of use to translators. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.3-10. [PDF, 37KB]

(1983) John Hayes: Doing it the other way. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.37-56 [PDF, 48KB]

Hoskyns Group plc

(1989) Brian Forsdick: Managing translation projects using Project Manager Workbench. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.3-8. [PDF, 24KB]

IBM (UK) Ltd.

(1983) Horace Mitchell: Some IBM equipment for the translator’s office.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.15-20 [PDF, 52KB]

International Computers Ltd.

(1989) S.O’Sullivan: Problems in software translation and how to avoid them. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.20-23. [PDF, 21KB]

International Institute of Welding

(1982) P.D.Boyd: Welding terminology in 18 languages. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.27-30. [PDF, 144KB]

Institute of Translation and Interpreting

(1988) Pamela Mayorcas: Introduction. Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.vii-xv. [PDF, 49KB]

(1986) Catriona Picken: The translation profession in the United Kingdom in 1986: new developments. Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.3-7. [PDF, 25KB]

ITT Technical Translations

(1983) Ulla Magnusson-Murray: Operational experience of a machine translation service.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.171-180 [PDF, 78KB]

Lancaster, University of

(1983) Geoffrey Sampson: Fallible rationalism and machine translation.  First conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-2 September 1983, Pisa, Italy; pp. 86-89. [PDF, 400KB]

Lanchester Polytechnic (Coventry)

(1985) Patrick Corness: The ALPS computer-assisted translation system in an academic environment. Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.118-127. [PDF,

London, University of  [see also Birkbeck College; School of Oriental and African Languages]

(1957) B. Zacharov: A refinement in coding the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 76-78 [PDF, 122KB]

Longman Publishing Group

(1982) Ken Moore: Text processing in dictionary compilation. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.134-135. [PDF, 14KB]

Manchester: UMIST see University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology

Mitaka

(1982) Ian T.M.Gow: Terminology in scientific and technical Japanese: problems and prospects. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.145-150. [PDF, 21KB]

National Computing Centre

(1982) Michael B.Wood: Chairman’s introduction [to Session 2 at] Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.23-24. [PDF, 138KB]

National Physical Laboratory

(1983) Wyn L. Price: Development of computers and communications: the role of the National Physical Laboratory. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.21-30 [PDF, 69KB]

(1981) Nigel Bevan: Psychological and ergonomic factors in machine translation. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 75-78. [PDF, 53KB]

(1981) Nigel Bevan: Discussion on Session 1: Translation in transition. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); p, 53. [PDF, 8KB]

(1969) A.J.Szanser: Automatic error-correction in natural languages. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 7; 9pp. [PDF, 350KB]

(1969) A.J.Szanser: Machine translation at the NPL. Physics Bulletin 20 (1969), 92-94. [PDF, 49KB]

(1967) J.McDaniel, W.L.Price, A.J.M.Szanser, & D.M.Yates: An evaluation of the usefulness of machine translations produced at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, with a summary of the translation methods. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 18pp. [PDF, 752KB]

(1967) J.McDaniel, A.M.Day, W.L.Price, A.J.Szanser, S.Whelan, & D.M.Yates: Machine translation at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, England. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.229-266.

(1967) A.J.Szanser: Machine translation—the evaluation of an experiment. The Incorporated Linguist 6 (4), October 1967; pp.90-95. [PDF, 131KB]

(1967) D.M.Yates: A computer model for Russian grammatical description, and a method of English synthesis in machine translation.  Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 10pp. [PDF, 407KB]

(1961) D.W.Davies & A.M.Day: A technique for consistent splitting of Russian words. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.344-362. [PDF, 131KB]

(1961) J.McDaniel & S.Whelan: The grammatical interpretation of Russian inflected forms using a stem dictionary. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.364-377. [PDF, 123KB]  [discussion]

(1961) Sir Gordon Sutherland: Opening address [at] 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.1-3. [PDF, 17KB]

Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic

(1989) Joan M.Day: CD-ROM: what can it offer the translator?  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.75-78. [PDF, 20KB]

Office Equipment News

(1983) Julie Harnett: The tools for the job: an overview. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.7-13 [PDF, 57KB]

Oxford University Press

(1987) Timothy Benbow: The New Oxford English Dictionary project. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.91-103. [PDF, 69KB]

(1982) Marion M.Strachan: Online or hard copy? Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.127-133. [PDF, 27KB]

Pearl Assurance Co.Ltd.

(1977) W.Goshawke: SLUNT (Spoken Language Universal Numeric Translation).  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.661-675. [PDF, 179KB]

Perkins Engines Ltd.

(1988) P.J.Pym: Pre-editing and the use of simplified writing for MT: an engineer’s experience of operating an MT system.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.80-96. [PDF, 146KB]

Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

(1980) Pauline Duckitt: Translating and online. Machine aids for translators: Aslib Technical Translation Group conference and exhibition, London, 20 November 1980 (Aslib Proceedings 33 (7/8), July/August 1981); pp.290-296. [PDF, 167KB]

Polytechnic of Central London

(1985) Jeremy Verrinder: Continuing education and training for translators.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.11-14. [PDF, 20KB]

Praetorius Ltd.

(1988) Geoffrey Kingscott: Session 4: summary of the discussion.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.161-164. [PDF, 21KB]

(1985) Geoffrey Kingscott: Who are the translators? The growing professionalism of translating. Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.3-10. [PDF, 34KB]

(1983) Lanna Castellano, W.J.Hutchins & Geoffrey Kingscott: Summary of discussion (session 5). Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.237-240 [PDF, 19KB]

Queen Mary College

(1989) Jeremy Phillips: Copyright, computers, dictionaries and translations.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.59-62. [PDF, 22KB]

Rank Xerox

(1988) Mike Scott: The automated translation of software, particularly the computer user interface and user manuals.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.109-118. [PDF, 85KB]

Reading, University of

(1966) P.H.Matthews: A procedure for morphological encoding. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966; pp.15-21 [PDF, 210KB]

Rhône-Poulenc Ltd.

(1989) Melanie Dean: Session 1: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.24-26. [PDF, 16KB]

(1988) Melanie Dean: Session 3: summary of the discussion.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.119-121. [PDF, 18KB]

SCANTECH

(1985) Christopher Croft: Part-timer’s progress.  Translating and the Computer 7, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 14-15 November 1985, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1986); pp.47-53. [PDF, 31KB]

School of Oriental and African Languages, London

(1963) John Lyons: Coding the Russian alphabet for the purposes of mechanical translation. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.43-46 [PDF, 149KB]

Sheffield University

(1987) F. Knowles, G. Jelinek & M. McGee Wood: The Alvey Japanese and English machine translation project.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 73-78 [PDF, 101KB] [Reprint as ‘Alvey project’ in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 45-49]

Shell International Petroleum Company

(1989) Rose Sneddon: Session 2: summary of the discussion. Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.63-66. [PDF, 22KB]

Southampton, University

(1957) J.P.Cleave: A type of program for mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 54-58 [PDF, 153KB]

SRI International, Cambridge

(1989) Hiyan Alshawi & Jan van Eijck: Logical forms in the core language engine. 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-29 June 1989, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; pp.25-32. [PDF, 616KB]

Strathclyde, University

(1988) Forbes Gibb: Low-cost information retrieval packages [abstract].  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); p.67. [PDF, 9KB]

(1986) Paul F.Burton: Priciples of information retrieval for personal information systems.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.40-52. [PDF, 149KB]

Surrey, University

(1989) Khurshid Ahmad, Heather Fulford, Paul Holmes-Higgin, Margaret Rogers, & Patricia Thomas: The Translator’s Workbench project.  Translating and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The Sedgwick Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.9-19. [PDF, 89KB]

(1982) Nigel Reeves: Teminology for translators.  Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.61-65. [PDF, 19KB]

Sussex, University

(1987) Gerald Gazdar: COMIT ==>* PATR II. TINLAP-3: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 3: New Mexico State University, 7-9 January 1987. Position papers; pp.39-41. [PDF, 630KB]

Textnet

(1984) Robert Rooke: Electronic mail. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.105-115. [PDF, 68KB]

Transcript Translators

(1983) Geoffrey Samuelsson-Brown: A glossary on your word processor. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.74-81 [PDF, 28KB]

University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology

(1989) C.J.Rupp: Situation semantics and machine translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 308-318. [PDF, 896KB]

(1988) Juan Sager: Ten years of machine translation design and application: from FAHQT to realism.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.3-10. [PDF, 40KB]

(1988) Harold Somers: [review of] Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues [ed. by] Sergei Nirenburg (Cambridge University Press, 1987).  Computational Linguistics 14 (1), pp. 56-61 [PDF, 730KB]

(1988) Mary McGee Wood & Brian J.Chandler: Machine translation for monolinguals. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.760-763. [PDF, 427KB]

(1987) Roderick L. Johnson & Peter Whitelock: Machine translation as an expert task.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.136-144.

(1987) F. Knowles, G. Jelinek & M. McGee Wood: The Alvey Japanese and English machine translation project.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 73-78 [PDF, 101KB] [Reprint as ‘Alvey project’ in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 45-49]

(1987) Harold Somers: Some thoughts on interface structure(s). In Wolfram Wilss & Klaus-Dirk Schmitz (eds.) Maschinelle Übersetzung – Methoden und Werkzeuge: Akten des 3.Internationalen Kolloquiums des Sonderforschungsbereichs 100 “Elektronische Sprachforschung”, Saarbrücken, 1.-3.September 1986 (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1987); pp. 81-99. [PDF, 127KB]

(1987) Mary McGee Wood, Elaine Pollard, Heather Horsfall, Natsuko Holden, Brian Chandler, & Jeremy Carroll: Dictionary organization for machine translation: the experience and implications of the UMIST Japanese project.  Third conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp. 94-98. [PDF, 419KB]

(1987) Juan Sager: New tasks for terminology. Translating and the Computer 9: potential and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13 November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1988); pp.109-111. [PDF, 15KB]

(1986) Juan C.Sager: Conclusions. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.175-180. [PDF, 23KB]

(1986) Juan Sager: The integration of machine aids into the translation process: an introduction.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.65-66. [PDF, 12KB]

(1986) Juan Sager: Summary of the open discussion on sessions 3, 4 and 5. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.173-174. [PDF, 11KB]

(1986) Harald L.Somers: The need for MT-oriented versions of case and valency in MT. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 118-123. [PDF, 611KB]

(1986) P.J.Whitelock, M.McGee Wood, B.J.Chandler, N.Holden & H.J.Horsfall: Strategies for interactive machine translation: the experience and implications of the UMIST Japanese project. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 329-334. [PDF, 684KB]

(1985) Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Louis des Tombe, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A mu1 view of the <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 1-14. [PDF, 202KB]

(1985) Louis des Tombe, Doug Arnold, Lieven Jaspaert, Rod Johnson, Steven Krauwer, Mike Rosner, Nino Varile, & Susan Warwick: A preliminary linguistic framework for EUROTRA, June 1985.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 283-288. [PDF, 138KB]

(1985) Rod Johnson, Maghi King, & Louis des Tombe: EUROTRA: a multilingual system under development.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 155-169 [PDF, 1406KB]

(1985) Rod Johnson & Pete Whitelock: Machine translation as an expert task.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 145-153. [PDF, 138KB]

(1984) Doug Arnold & Rod Johnson: Robust processing in machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.472-475. [PDF, 354KB]

(1984) Rod Johnson: Contemporary perspectives in machine translation. Contrastes, Hors série A4, jan.1984; pp.141-155. [PDF, 45KB]

(1984) R.L.Johnson, S.Krauwer, M.A.Rosner, & G.B.Varile: The design of the kernel architecture for the Eurotra software. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.226-235. [PDF, 726KB]

(1984) Lisa E.Price: The British Term Bank prototype: user needs, modes of access, and co-operation in development. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.15-30. [PDF, 59KB]

(1983) J.C.Sager: Chairman’s introduction: naming machine translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.93-95 [PDF, 19KB]

(1983) Harold L. Somers: Investigating the possibility of a microprocessor-based machine translation system. First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 149-155 [PDF, 537KB]

(1982) Juan C.Sager: Chairman’s introduction [to session 6 at] Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.125-126. [PDF, 11KB]

(1982) H.L.Somers & R.L.Johnson: Bede: a microprocessor-based machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 266-272. [PDF, 231KB]

(1981) J.C.Sager: Types of translation and text forms in the environment of machine translation (MT). Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 11-19. [PDF, 47KB]

(1980) John McNaught: Terminological data banks: a model for a British Linguistic Data Bank (LDB). Machine aids for translators: Aslib Technical Translation Group conference and exhibition, London, 20 November 1980 (Aslib Proceedings 33 (7/8), July/August 1981); pp.297-308. [PDF, 198KB]

(1980) J.McNaught & H.L.Somers: The translator as a computer user. Quinquereme 3 (2), 1980; pp.149-163. [PDF, 64KB]

(1980) J.C.Sager: New developments in information technology for interlingual communication. Machine aids for translators: Aslib Technical Translation Group conference and exhibition, London, 20 November 1980 (Aslib Proceedings 33 (7/8), July/August 1981); pp.320-323. [PDF, 143KB]

(1980) H.L.Somers & J.McNaught: The translator as a computer user. The Incorporated Linguist, vol.19, no.2, Spring 1980, p.49-53. [PDF, 128KB]

(1979) Rod Johnson: Contemporary perspectives in machine translation. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 133-147. [PDF, 58KB]

(1979) G.C.Keil: The ambiguous task of machine translation. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 149-158. [PDF, 50KB]

(1979) John McNaught: The linguist as technologist. In: Human translation, machine translation. Papers from the 10th annual Conference on Computational Linguistics in Odense, Denmark, 22-23 November 1979; ed. Suzanne Hanon and Viggo Hjørnager Pedersen (Odense Universitet, August 1980); pp. 85-97. [PDF, 38KB]

(1978) Juan C. Sager: Multilingual communication: chairman’s introductory review of translating and the computer. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 1-25. [PDF, 196KB]

(1977) J.C.Sager: Conclusions and recommendations [at] Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.147-159. [PDF, 131KB]

Vuman Computer Systems Ltd.

(1988) David C.Jackson: Multilingual word processing for translation.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.31-41. [PDF, 103KB]

Xerox Ltd.

(1978) John S.G.Elliston: Computer aided translation: a business viewpoint. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. 149-158. [PDF, 172KB]

(1978) Barbara M.Snell: Introduction. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar, London, 14th November, 1978; ed. Barbara M.Snell (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1979); pp. v-vii. [PDF, 59KB]

 

USA

 

ALPAC see National Research Council (USA): Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee

ALPNET

(1989) Chuck Walrad, Takehiko Yamamoto, Tom Seal, & Cheryl Bettels: [Contributions to Panel on market prospects. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1988) A.T.Zirkle: The role of computer-aided translation in translation services.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.11-17. [PDF, 30KB]

ALP Systems

(1986) Kenneth R.Beesley & David Hefner: PeriPhrase: lingware for parsing and structural transfer. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 390-392. [PDF, 335KB]

(1984) Merle Tenney: ALPS. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.121-122.

(1983) Russell Bateman: Introduction to interactive translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.193-197 [PDF, 21KB]

(1983) Merle D.Tenney: Machine translation, machine-aided translation, and machine-impeded translation.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.105-113 [PDF, 38KB]

(1982) Merle D.Tenney & Robert A.Russell: Pooling and threading in translation term banks. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 287-290. [PDF, 126KB]

American Institutes for Research

(1967) David B. Orr & Victor H. Small: Comprehensibility of machine-aided translations of Russian scientific documents. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1967; pp.1-10 [PDF, 191KB]

Analytics

(1979) Wayne W.Zachary: A survey of approaches and issues in machine-aided translation systems. Computers and the Humanities 13 (1979); pp.17-28. [PDF, 118KB]

Army Research Office

(1960) Dimitri A.Kellogg: Modern trends in character recognition machines. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.511-514. [PDF, 72KB]

Arthur D. Little Inc.

(1963) Vincent E. Giuliano: Word and context association by means of linear networks. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.36

(1960) Vincent E.Giuliano: The logic of automatic formula synthesis. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.462-471. [PDF, 100KB]

(1960) Vincent E.Giuliano: Introduction [to Session 11: equipment.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); p.484. [PDF, 30KB]

Association for Computational Linguistics

(1982) Jonathan Allen: Reflections on twenty years of the ACL. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.104-106. [PDF, 297KB]

(1982) Paul G. Chapin: ACL in 1977. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.103. [PDF, 63KB]

(1982) Aravind K. Joshi: Twenty years of reflections. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.102. [PDF, 95KB]

(1982) Winfred P. Lehmann: My term. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.97. [PDF, 49KB]

(1982) Robert F. Simmons: Themes from 1972.  20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.100-101. [PDF, 176KB]

(1982) Donald E. Walker: Reflections on 20 years of the ACL, an introduction.  20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.89-91. [PDF, 253KB]

(1982) Donald E. Walker: A society in transition. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.98-99. [PDF, 151KB]

(1982) Victor H. Yngve: Our double anniversary. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.92-94. [PDF, 311KB]

Automated Language Processing Systems see ALP Systems

Bell Communications Research

(1989) Bernard E.Scott, Muriel Vasconcellos, Richard Samuels, Ralph Quinn, & James Unger: [Contributions to Panel on R&D policy. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1987) Donald E. Walker: Knowledge resource tools for accessing large text files.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.247-261

(1985) Donald E. Walker: Knowledge resource tools for accessing large text files.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 335-347. [PDF, 258KB]

Bell Telephone Laboratories

(1965) Sheila M. Pfafflin: Evaluation of machine translation by reading comprehension tests and subjective judgments.  Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965; pp.2-8 [PDF, 179KB]

Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc.

(1987) Ralph M. Weischedel & Lance A. Ramshaw: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed language.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.155-167

(1985) Ralph M. Weischedel: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed language.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 348-358. [PDF, 187KB]

Brandeis University

(1987) James Pustejovsky: An integrated theory of discourse analysis. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.168-191.

(1987) James Pustejovsky & Sergei Nirenburg: Lexical selection in the process of language generation. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; pp.201-206. [PDF, 453KB]

Brigham Young University

(1989) Mark Eaton, Maria Russo, Dale Bostad, & Alan Melby: [Contributions to Panel on user needs. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1988) Alan K. Melby: Lexical transfer: between a source rock and a hard target. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.411-413. [PDF, 271KB]

(1987) Alan Melby: On human-machine interaction in translation.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.145-154

(1986) Alan K.Melby: Lexical transfer: a missing element in linguistics theories. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 104-106. [PDF, 544KB]

(1984) Alan K.Melby: Machine translation with post editing versus a three-level integrated translator aid system. Terminologie Bulletin 45; pp. 47-55. [PDF,

(1983) Alan K. Melby: Computer-assisted translation systems: the standard design and a multi-step design. First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 174-177 [PDF, 267KB]

(1982) Alan K.Melby: Multi-level translation aids in a distributed system.  Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 215-220. [PDF, 380KB]

(1981) Alan K.Melby: Translators and machines – can they cooperate? Meta 26 (1), 1981; pp.23-34. [note]

(1980) Alan K.Melby, Melvin R.Smith & Jill Peterson: ITS: interactive translation system. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 424-429. [PDF, 403KB]

(1976) Eldon G.Lytel: Automatic language processing project, Brigham Young University [abstract, only 2 pages legible]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.14-23  [PDF, 3691KB]

(1975) Eldon G. Lytel, Dennis Packard, Daryl Gibb, Alan K.Melby, & Floyd H.Billings, Jr.:  Junction grammar as a base for natural language processing. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 26; 74pp. [PDF, 2259KB]

(1973) Alan K. Melby: Junction grammar and machine assisted translation. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.785-824. [PDF, 356KB]

Brown University

(1948) Warren Weaver & W.Prager: [Correspondence on decipherment, March 1948.] [PDF, 62KB]

Bunker-Ramo Corporation

(1967) Paul L.Garvin: The fulcrum syntactic analyzer for Russian. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 10pp. [PDF, 421KB]

(1967) Paul L.Garvin: Machine translation – fact or fancy? Datamation 13 (4), April 1967; pp.29-31. [PDF, 53KB]

(1966) Paul L. Garvin: Some comments on algorithm and grammar in the automatic parsing of natural languages. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966; pp.2-3 [PDF, 106KB]

(1965) Paul L. Garvin: Some comments on algorithm and grammar in the automatic parsing of natural languages.  Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 8pp. [PDF, 272KB]

(1964) Paul Garvin, Jules Mersel & Fred Peng: A syntactic recognition routine of standard Chinese [papers with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.88-105.

(1964) G.R.Martins: Preliminary report on the insertion of English articles in Russian-English MT output.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964; pp.2-4 [PDF, 121KB]

Burroughs Corporation

(1958) J.Speck: Foreign language translation by automatic computer [on demonstration by Peter Toma.] Computers and Automation 7 (3), March 1958; p.11. [PDF, 218KB]

California Institute of Technology

(1958) J.Speck: Foreign language translation by automatic computer [on demonstration by Peter Toma.] Computers and Automation 7 (3), March 1958; p.11. [PDF, 218KB]

California, University of (Berkeley) [see also University of California at Los Angeles]

(1976) Wallace L. Chafe: Foundations of machine translation: linguistics [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp. 8-9[PDF, 91KB]

(1976) William S-Y Wang: Chinese-English machine translation project on linguistic analysis, University of California, Berkeley [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.24 [PDF, 72KB]

(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]

(1973) Martin Kay: Automatic translation of natural languages. Daedalus 102; pp.217-230. [note]

(1969) Ching-Yi Dougherty: A pragmatic approach to machine translation from Chinese to English. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 38; 16pp. [PDF, 346KB]

(1967) Henrik Birnbaum: Some notes on Russian predicative infinitives in automatic translation. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1967; pp.11-17 [PDF, 196KB]

(1964) Ching-Yi Dougherty: Chinese syntactic rules for machine translation [with S.E.Martin, and discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.154-164.

(1964) Doug Johnson: [Paper on stratification grammar for Chinese, with discussion].  In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.148-154.

(1964) James H. White: The methodology of sememic analysis with special application to the English preposition. Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964; pp.15-31 [PDF, 255KB]

(1963) Ching-yi Dougherty: Writing of Chinese recognition grammar for machine translation. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.35

(1963) Sydney M. Lamb: Linguistic structure and machine translation. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.39

(1963) John H. Wahlgren: Derivational suffixes in Russian general vocabulary and in chemical nomenclature. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.42

(1962) Yuen Ren Chao: Translation without machine. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, Cambridge, Mass., August 27-31, 1962 (The Hague: Mouton, 1964); pp.504-510. [PDF, 45KB]

(1962) M.Kay: A parsing procedure. In: Symposium on Modern Techniques of Language Translation. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.328-329. [PDF]

(1962) M.Kay: Rules of interpretation – an approach to the problem of computation in the semantics of natural language. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.318-321. [PDF, 147KB]

(1961) Seymour Chatman: The classification of English verbs by object types. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.84-94. [PDF, 41KB] [discussion]

(1961) Sydney M. Lamb: On the mechanization of syntactic analysis. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.674-684. [PDF, 37KB] [discussion]

(1961) Sydney M. Lamb & William H. Jacobsen, Jr.: A high-speed large-capacity dictionary system.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.76-107. [PDF, 640KB]

(1961) John H. Wahlgren: Linguistic analysis of Russian chemical terminology. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 250-263. [PDF, 88KB] [discussion]

(1960) Sydney M.Lamb: MT research at the University of California, Berkeley. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.140-154. [PDF, 105KB]

(1960) Sydney M.Lamb: Segmentation. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.335-342. [PDF, 63KB]

(1960) James W.Marchand: German syntax patterns. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.234-244. [PDF, 79KB]

(1957) Paul Pimsleur: Semantic frequency counts, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 11-13 [PDF, 111KB]

(1955) Kenneth E.Harper: Translating Russian by machine. Journal of Communication 5 (2), Summer 1955; pp.41-46. [PDF, 31KB]

Carnegie Institute of Technology

(1966) Sheldon Klein: Historical change in language using Monte Carlo techniques. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1966; pp.67-82 [PDF, 393KB]

(1965) Sheldon Klein: Automatic paraphrasing in essay format. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.68-83 [PDF, 301KB]

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh

(1989) Jaime G. Carbonell: Interlingua – technical prospect of interlingua. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 30-31. [PDF, 98KB]

(1989) Hiroaki Kitano, Hideto Tomabechi, & Lori Levin: Ambiguity resolution in the DmTrans Plus. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 72-79. [PDF, 739KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Jaime Carbonell, David Johnson, & Alvin Despain: [Contributions to Panel on the state of the art. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1989) Sergei Nirenburg: KBMT-89: a knowledge-based MT project at Carnegie-Mellon University. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 106-112 [PDF, 154KB]

(1989) Sergei Nirenburg: New developments in knowledge-based machine translation. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp. 344-357. [PDF, 139KB]

(1989) Masaru Tomita & Jaime G.Carbonell: CMU project. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 72-82. [PDF, 221KB]

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg & Irene Nirenburg: A framework for lexical selection in natural language generation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.471-475. [PDF, 445KB]

(1988) Sergei Nirenburg, Rita McCardell, Eric Nyberg, Scott Huffman, Edward Kernschaft, & Irene Nirenburg: Lexical realization in natural language generation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 278KB]

(1988) Masaru Tomita: Towards speech translation systems. [Contribution to panel on Real-time interpretive MT systems]. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 3pp. [PDF, 54KB]

(1988) Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, & Hideto Tomabechi: Towards a speech-to-speech translation system. Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 57-77. [PDF, 150 KB]

(1988) Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, & Hideto Tomabechi: The universal parser compiler and its application to a speech translation system. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 19pp. [PDF, 259KB]

(1987) Jaime G. Carbonell & Masaru Tomita: Knowledge-based machine translation, the CMU approach.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.68-89

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg: Knowledge and choices in machine translation.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.1-21

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen B. Tucker: The structure of interlingua in TRANSLATOR.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.90-113

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: The subworld concept lexicon and the lexicon management system.  Computational Linguistics 13 (3-4), pp. 276-289 [PDF, 1187KB]

(1987) James Pustejovsky & Sergei Nirenburg: Lexical selection in the process of language generation. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; pp.201-206. [PDF, 453KB]

(1986) Masaru Tomita & Jaime G.Carbonell: Another stride towards knowledge-based machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 633-638. [PDF, 563KB]

(1985) Jaime G. Carbonell & Masaru Tomita: New approaches to machine translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 59-74. [PDF, 287KB]

(1985) Masaru Tomita: Feasibility study of personal/interactive machine translation systems.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 289-297. [PDF, 156KB]

(1984) Masaru Tomita: Disambiguating grammatically ambiguous sentences by asking. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.476-480. [PDF, 316KB]

C-E-I-R Inc.

 (1960) B.D.Blickstein: The high-speed general-purpose computers in machine translation. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.485-490. [PDF, 60KB]

(1960) Ariadne Lukjanow: Report on some principles of the unified transfer system.  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.88-120. [PDF, 158KB]

(1960) Ariadne W.Lukjanow: Semantic classification. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.394-397. [PDF, 64KB]

Center for Applied Linguistics

(1976) Rudolph C. Troike: The future of MT. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.47-49. [PDF, 105KB]

Center for Naval Analyses

(1976) William Stallings: Machine processing of Chinese characters [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.60-64 [PDF, 3691KB]

Central Intelligence Agency

(1961) Paul W. Howerton: The parameters of an operational machine translation system.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.108-111. [PDF, 131KB]

Chicago University

(1982) Victor H. Yngve: Our double anniversary. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.92-94. [PDF, 311KB]

(1970) Victor H.Yngve: Final report on the journal MT [submitted to the Association for Computational Linguistics]. Typescript, July 1970.; 23pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1968) D. Kathryn Weintraub: The English relative clause. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1968; pp. 89-102 [PDF, 253KB]

(1967) John M. Dolan: A note on Quine’s theory of radical translation. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1967; pp.11-17 [PDF, 220KB]

(1967) Victor H.Yngve: Some applications of computers in linguistics. In: Languages and areas: studies presented to George V.Bobrinskoy on the occasion of his retirement by members of the Departments of Linguistics and of Slavic Languages and Literatures and of the Committee on South Asian Studies of the University of Chicago. (Chicago, Illinois, 1967); pp.172-179. [PDF, 89KB]

CIA see Central Intelligence Agency

City University of New York see New York, City University of

Cognitive Systems Inc.

(1987) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.302-316.

(1985) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 167-178. [PDF, 176KB]

Colgate University

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen B. Tucker: The structure of interlingua in TRANSLATOR.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.90-113

(1987) Allen B. Tucker: Current strategies in machine translation research and development.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.22-41.

(1986) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: A metric for computational analysis of meaning: toward an applied theory of linguistic semantics. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 338-340. [PDF, 391KB]

(1986) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen Tucker: On knowledge-based machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 627-632. [PDF, 508KB]

(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, & Victor Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in expository text. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 181-183. [PDF, 323KB]

(1985) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin & Allen B. Tucker: Interlingua design for TRANSLATOR.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 224-244. [PDF, 318KB]

(1984) Allen B.Tucker Jr. & Sergei Nirenburg: Machine translation: a contemporary view. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, vol.19; pp.129-160. [PDF, 167KB]

(1984) Allen B.Tucker: A perspective on machine translation: theory and practice. Communications of the ACM 27(4); 322-329. [note]

Colorado State University

(1966) Jocelyn Brewer: English article insertion. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1966; pp.83-96 [PDF, 263KB]

Columbia University

(1963) Joseph Jaffe: Simultaneous computation of lexical and extralinguistic information measures in dialogue. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.37

Computer Concepts Inc.

(1965) M. Zarechnak: An applied radical semantics. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.90-96 [PDF, 179KB]

Computer Usage Company

(1963) A.Opler, R.Silverstone, Y.Saleh, M.Hildebran, & I.Slutzky: The application of table processing concepts to the Sakai translation technique. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.40

Cornell University

(1969) G.Salton: Automatic processing of foreign language documents. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 4; 29pp. [PDF, 755KB]

DEC

(1989) Chuck Walrad, Takehiko Yamamoto, Tom Seal, & Cheryl Bettels: [Contributions to Panel on market prospects. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

(1989) Lynette Hirshman: Overview of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language workshop.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, February 21-23, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 1-2. [PDF, 529KB]

Department of Commerce

(1989) Tamami Kusuda: United States of America. In section on Political strategies in machine translation, in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 177 [PDF, 83KB]

Eastman Kodak Company

(1963) John F. Tinker: Learning and translating by machines.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.47-49 [PDF, 97KB]

Electrada Corporation

(1960) Robert M.Hayes: Summation by chairman [of Session 4: Methodology.]  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.225-226. [PDF, 37KB]

Foreign Broadcast Information Service

(1976) David G. Hays & J. Mathias (eds.): FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; 97pp. [PDF, 3691KB]

(1976) John Yeo: Keynote address. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.5-7 [PDF, 3691KB]

General Dynamics

(1965) Swaminathan Madhu & Dean W.Lytle: A figure of merit technique for the resolution of non-grammatical ambiguity. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965; pp.9-13 [PDF, 167KB]

Georgetown University

(1989) G. Richard Tucker & Michael Zarechnak: Three historical notes. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.385-392. [PDF, 28KB]

(1989) Michael Zarechnak: Semantic subclasses of temporal nouns.  Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.295-303. [PDF, 59KB]

(1988) Michael Zarechnak: Complex procedures for MT quality. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 106KB]

(1976) Michael Zarechnak: Russian-English system, Georgetown University [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.51-52 [PDF, 113KB]

(1974) A. Hood Roberts & Michael Zarechnak: Mechanical translation. Current Trends in Linguistics, vol.12 (The Hague: Mouton); pp. 2825-2870. [PDF, 637KB]

(1968) Sergei Perschke: Machine translation—the second phase of development. Endeavour, vol.27; pp.97-100. [PDF, 76KB]

(1967) Paul L.Garvin: 'The Georgetown-IBM experiment of 1954: an evaluation in retrospect'. In: William M.Austin (ed) Papers in linguistics in honor of Léon Dostert (The Hague: Paris), pp.46-56. [PDF, 200KB]

(1967) Bozena Henisz-Dostert: 'Experimental machine translation'. In: William M.Austin (ed) Papers in linguistics in honor of Léon Dostert (The Hague: Paris), pp.57-91. [PDF, 500KB]

(1963) Milos Pacak: Slavic languages—comparative morphosyntactic research. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.40-41

 (1962) A.F.R.Brown: Automatic translation of languages. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in Venice, July 1962. [Ed. Aldo Ghizzetti.] Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966; pp. 27-54. [PDF, 201KB]

(1961) Milos Pacak & Antonina Boldyreff: The morphological abstraction of Russian verbs.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.51-62. [PDF, 209KB]

(1961) Lawrence Summers: Machine translation of Russian organic chemical names into English by analysis and resynthesis of the component fragments. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 266-277. [PDF, 78KB] [discussion]

(1961) Michael Zarechnak: A fourth level of linguistic analysis. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 160-171. [PDF, 131KB] [discussion]

 (1960) A.F.R.Brown: Flexibility versus speed. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.444-450. [PDF, 57KB]

(1960) Léon Dostert: Summation by chairman [of Session 1: Current research]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.49-51. [PDF, 101KB]

 (1960) M.Zarechnak & A.F.R.Brown: Current research at Georgetown University. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.63-87. [PDF, 161KB]

(1960) Michael Zarechnak: Nesting within the prepositional structure. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.267-279. [PDF, 118KB]

(1959) Milos Pacak: Morphology in terms of mechanical translation.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machi ne Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.881-885. [PDF, 60KB]

(1959) Michael Zarechnak: Three levels of linguistic analysis in machine translation. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol.6, no.1; pp.24-32. [PDF, 142KB]

 (1958) A.F.R.Brown: Language translation. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, vol.5, no.1; pp.1-8. [PDF, 51KB]

(1957) William M.Austin: Language as symbolic logic.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.39-43. [PDF, 131KB]

(1957) Dan A.Belmore: Programming aspects of MT.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.163-166. [PDF, 86KB]

(1957) Leon Dostert: Brief history of machine translation research. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.3-10. [PDF, 37KB]

(1957) Léon Dostert: Foreword. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); p.vii. [PDF, 50KB]

(1957) Léon Dostert: Practical objectives of machine translation research.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.181-186 [PDF, 76KB]

(1957) Frank Fadner: Introduction. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.1-2. [PDF, 20KB]

(1957) Paul L.Garvin: Linguistic analysis and translation analysis.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.19-38. [PDF, 194KB]

(1957) Paul L.Garvin: Machine translation. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.502-510.

(1957) Paul L.Garvin: [contributions to] Discussion [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); p.518.

(1957) Hugo J.Mueller: German pre-nominal modifiers as clues in machine translation.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.89-101. [PDF, 47KB]

(1957) Jane A.Pyne: Some ideas on inter-structural syntax.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.143-149. [PDF, 106KB]

(1957) Michael Zarechnak: Report on the work in MT at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.518-521.

(1957) M.M.Zarechnak: Types of Russian sentences.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.135-141. [PDF, 143KB]

(1956) L.E.Dostert: Organization and method in mechanical translation work, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; p. 35 [PDF, 82KB]

(1955) Leon E.Dostert: The Georgetown-I.B.M. experiment. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 124-135.

(1955) Jacob Ornstein: Mechanical translation: new challenge to communication. Science 122 (21 October 1955); pp.745-748. [PDF, 198KB]

(1954) Neil Macdonald: Language translation by machine - a report of the first successful trial. Computers and Automation 3 (2), February 1954; pp.6-10. [PDF, 239KB]

Georgia Institute of Technology

(1987) Richard E. Cullingford & Boyan A. Onyshkevych: An experiment in lexicon-driven machine translation.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.278-301.

(1985) R.E.Cullingford & B.A.Onyshkevych: Lexicon-driven machine translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 75-115. [PDF, 287KB]

(1969) Ernst von Glasersfeld: Semantics and the syntactic classification of words. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 22; 21pp. [PDF, 631KB]

(1969) Pier Paolo Pisani: Organization and programming of the multistore parser. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 25; 24pp. [PDF, 610KB]

(1967) James Gough, Jr.: On the German locative: a study in symbols. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1967; pp. 68-84 [PDF, 339KB]

Georgia University

(1969) Ernst von Glasersfeld: Semantics and the syntactic classification of words. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 22; 21pp. [PDF, 631KB]

Harvard University

(1967) W.J.Plath: Multiple-path analysis and automatic translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.267-315.

(1966) John B. Carroll: An experiment in evaluating the quality of translations. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1966; pp.55-66 [PDF, 264KB]

(1966) John B.Carroll: An experiment in evaluating the quality of translations. Appendix 10 in: Language and machines: computers in translation and linguistics. A report by the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee, Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council, 1966); pp.67-75. [PDF, 144KB]

(1965) A.G. Oettinger: Automatic processing of natural and formal languages. Information Processing 1965: proceedings of IFIP Congress 65, New York City, May 24-29, 1965 (Washington, D.C., Spartan Books, 1965); pp.9-16. [PDF, 137KB]

(1963) Susumu Kuno: Sentence structure diagrams. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.39

(1963) Susumu Kuno & Anthony G.Oettinger: Syntactic structure and ambiguity of English. Proceedings of AFIPS 1963 Fall Joint computer Conference (New York: Spartan Books, 1963); vol.24, pp.397-418. [PDF, 308KB]

(1963) Anthony G.Oettinger: The state of the art of automatic language translation: an appraisal. Beiträge zur Sprachkunde und Informationsverarbeitung, vol.2 (1963), 17-29. [PDF, 106KB]

(1963) Warren Plath: Mathematical linguistics. In: Christine Mohrmann, Alf Sommerfelt and Joshua Whatmough (eds.) Trends in European and American Linguistics 1930-1960 (Utrecht/Antwerp: Spectrum Publ., 1963); pp.21-57. [PDF, 296KB]

(1963) Warren J. Plath: Path economization in exhaustive left-to-right syntactic analysis. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.41

(1962) S.Kuno & A.G.Oettinger: Multiple-path syntactic analyzer. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.306-311. [PDF, 267KB]

(1962) A.G.Oettinger: The boundary between syntax and semantics. In: Panel on Semantics and Syntactics. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); p.333. [PDF]

(1962) M.E.Sherry: Syntactic problems in semantic analysis. In: Panel on Semantics and Syntactics. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.336-337. [PDF]

(1961) William D. Foust & Julia R. Walkling: A preliminary structural transfer system. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 196-206. [PDF, 111KB] [discussion]

(1961) Vincent E. Giuliano: A formula finder for the automatic synthesis of translation algorithms.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.11-24. [PDF, 343KB]

(1961) Susumu Kuno: A preliminary approach to Japanese-English automatic translation. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.8-23. [PDF, 150KB] [discussion]

(1961) Irina Lynch: Russian –СЯ verbs, impersonally used verbs and subject/object ambiguities. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.478-502. [PDF, 200KB] [discussion]

(1961) Anthony G. Oettinger: Automatic syntactic analysis and the pushdown store. In: Structure of language and its mathematical aspects [ed. Roman Jakobson]. Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, 1961. (Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, vol. XII); pp. 104-129.

(1961) Warren Plath: Automatic sentence diagramming.  1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 176-191. [PDF, 103KB] [discussion]

(1961) Gerard Salton & R.W.Thorpe: An approach to the segmentation problem in speech analysis and language translation. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.704-724. [PDF, 130KB]

(1960) William D.Foust: Automatic English inflection. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of Ca lifornia, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.229-233. [PDF, 56KB]

(1960) Vincent E.Giuliano: Introduction [to Session 11: equipment.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); p.484. [PDF, 30KB]

(1960) Vincent E.Giuliano: The logic of automatic formula synthesis. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.462-471. [PDF, 100KB]

(1960) Anthony G.Oettinger & Murray E.Sherry: Current research on automatic translation at Harvard University and predictive syntactic analysis.  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.173-182. [PDF, 102KB]

(1960) Anthony G.Oettinger: A new theory of translation and its applications. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.363-366. [PDF, 69KB]

(1960) Murray E.Sherry: Automatic affix interpretation and reliability of the Harvard automatic dictionary. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.317-324. [PDF, 83KB]

(1959) V.E.Giuliano & A.G.Oettinger: Research on automatic translation at the Harvard Computation Laboratory. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp.163-183. [PDF, 391KB]

(1959) Anthony G.Oettinger: Automatic (transference, translation, remittance, shunting). In: Reuben A.Brower (ed.) On translation (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959); pp.240-267. [Reprint: New York: Oxford University Press, 1966] [PDF, 272KB]

(1958) Anthony G.Oettinger: A survey of Soviet work on automatic translation, Mechanical Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 101-110 [PDF, 167KB]

(1958) Anthony G.Oettinger: An input device for the Harvard automatic dictionary, Mechanical Translation 5 (1), July 1958; pp. 2-7 [PDF, 582KB]

(1958) A.G.Oettinger, W.Foust, V.Giuliano, K.Magassy, & L.Matejka: Linguistic and machine methods for compiling and updating the Harvard automatic dictionary. Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information, Washington, D.C., November 16-21, 1958 (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council, 1959); pp.951-973. [PDF, 309KB]

(1958) Gerard Salton: The use of punctuation patterns in machine translation, Mechanical Translation 5 (1), July 1958; pp. 16-24 [PDF, 173KB]

(1957) Roderick Gould: Multiple correspondence, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 14-27 and 43 [PDF, 218KB]

(1956) George A.Miller & J.G.Beebe-Center: 'Some psychological methods for evaluating the quality of translations', Mechanical Translation 3 (3), December 1956; pp. 73-80 [PDF, 151KB]

(1955) Anthony G.Oettinger: The design of an automatic Russian-English technical dictionary. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 47-65.

(1954) Anthony G. Oettinger: 'The distribution of word length in technical Russian', Mechanical Translation 1 (3), December 1954; pp. 38-40 [PDF, 116KB]

Hawaii University

(1989) Bernard E.Scott, Muriel Vasconcellos, Richard Samuels, Ralph Quinn, & James Unger: [Contributions to Panel on R&D policy. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

Hunter College

(1988) Michiko Kosaka, Virginia Teller, & Ralph Grishman: A sublanguage approach to Japanese-English machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.109-121. [note]

(1988) Virginia Teller, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A comparative study of Japanese and English sublanguage patterns. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

IBM  see International Business Machines

Illinois Institute of Technology

(1955) Luitgard Wundheiler & Alex Wundheiler: Some logical concepts for syntax. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 194-207.

Illinois University

(1971) L.Zgusta: Equivalents and explanations in bilingual dictionaries. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.536-548. [PDF, 70KB]

(1971) L.Zgusta: The shape of the dictionary for mechanical translation purposes. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.549-576. [PDF, 86KB]

Indiana University

(1960) Thomas A.Sebeok: Summation by chairman [of Session 3: Current research]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.193-194. [PDF, 44KB]

Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California

(1989) John A.Bateman, Robert T.Kasper, Jörg F.L.Schütz, & Eric H.Steiner: A new view on the process of translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 282-290. [PDF, 667KB]

(1989) Eduard H. Hovy: The current status of the Penman language generation system.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Cape cod, Massachusetts, USA, October 15-18, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); p. 449. [PDF, 501KB]

(1989) Eduard H. Hovy: New possibilities in machine translation.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Cape cod, Massachusetts, USA, October 15-18, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 99-111. [PDF, 1222KB]

(1989) William C. Mann & Eduard H. Hovy: The Penman language generation project.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, February 21-23, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 151-152. [PDF, 529KB]

Institute for Defense Analyses

(1971) H.Wallace Sinaiko: Translation by computer. Science 174 (1971), 1182 & 1184. [PDF, 22KB]

Institute of Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ)

(1966) H.L.Resnikoff & J.L.Dolby: The nature of affixing in written English, part II. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966; pp.23-33 [PDF, 387KB]

Intelligent Machines Research Corporation

(1957) Clyde C.Heasly: Character sensing as an input to machine translation.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.53-59. [PDF, 78KB]

Intelligent Software Inc.

(1983) Gary R.Martins: Machine translation: session introduction [at] First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; p. 148 [PDF, 57KB]

International Business Machines

(1989) Michael McCord: LMT. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 94-99 [PDF, 169KB]

(1989) Michael C. McCord: Design of LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 15 (1), pp. 33-52 [PDF, 2306KB]

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Jaime Carbonell, David Johnson, & Alvin Despain: [Contributions to Panel on the state of the art. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1988) P.Brown, J.Cocke, S.Della Pietra, V.Della Pietra, F.Jelinek, R.Mercer, & P.Roossin: A statistical approach to language translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.71-76. [PDF, 523KB]

(1988) P.Brown, J.Cocke, S.Della Pietra, V.Della Pietra, F.Jelinek, R.Mercer, & P.Roossin: A statistical approach to French/English translation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 322KB]

(1988) Roy J.Byrd & Evelyne Tzoukermann: Adapting an English morphological analyzer for French. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.1-6. [PDF, 488KB]

(1985) Michael C. McCord: LMT: a Prolog-based machine translation system. [extended abstract]  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 179-182. [PDF, 102KB]

(1976) Erhard O. Lippmann: Experimental on-line computer aids for the human translator [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.11-13 [PDF, 142KB]

(1976) S.R.Petrick: Summary of FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.72-76 [PDF, 259KB]

(1971) S.R.Petrick: Syntactic analysis for transformational grammars. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.324- 342. [PDF, 70KB]

(1970) E.O.Lippmann & W.J.Plath: Time-sharing and computer-aided translation. The Finite String 7 (8), October  1970; pp.1-4. [PDF,33KB]

(1968) P.W.Culicover: Paraphrase generation and information retrieval from stored text. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1968; pp. 78-88 [PDF, 225KB]

(1967) W.J.Plath: Multiple-path analysis and automatic translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.267-315.

(1965) A.Andreyewsky: Subclassification of parts of speech in Russian: verbs. Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 11pp. [PDF, 468KB]

(1965) Sheila M. Pfafflin: Evaluation of machine translation by reading comprehension tests and subjective judgments.  Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965; pp.2-8 [PDF, 179KB]

(1964) Dave Lieberman: [paper on research at IBM]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.60-64.

(1964) Dave Lieberman: [second presentation on research at IBM]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.80-88.

(1964) S.S.Soo: [paper on IBM research, with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.73-79.

(1964) Fred Wong: [paper on research on Chinese syntax at IBM, with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.64-72.

(1963) C.G.Borkowski & L.R.Micklesen: Generative processes for Russian impersonal sentences. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.33

(1963) D. Lieberman: A procedure for automatic sentence structure analysis. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.39

(1963) L.R.Micklesen & P.H.Smith, Jr.: An algorithm for the translation of Russian inorganic-chemistry terms. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.39-40

(1963) A.Opler, R.Silverstone, Y.Saleh, M.Hildebran, & I.Slutzky: The application of table processing concepts to the Sakai translation technique. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.40

(1963) Robert Tabory: Specifications for generative grammars used in language data processing. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.41-42

(1961) Lew R.Micklesen: Source-language specification with table lookup and high-capacity dictionary. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 318-340. [PDF, 193KB] [discussion]

(1960) Gilbert W. King: Functions required of a translation system. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.53-62. [PDF, 99KB]

(1960) Neil Macdonald: The photoscopic language translator.  Computers and Automation, August 1960; pp.6-8. [PDF, 35KB]

(1960) Lew R.Micklesen: An experiment in the automatic selection or rejection of technical terms. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.398-408. [PDF, 135KB]

(1960) [Automatic translation – of Russian article in Izvestia, August 14 1960] [Handout from IBM.] 6pp. [PDF, 58KB]

(1955) Jacob Ornstein: Mechanical translation: new challenge to communication. Science 122 (21 October 1955); pp.745-748. [PDF, 198KB]

(1955) Peter Sheridan: Research in language translation on the IBM type 701. IBM Technical Newsletter 9 (January 1955); pp.5-24.[PDF, 248KB]

(1954) Neil Macdonald: Language translation by machine - a report of the first successful trial. Computers and Automation 3 (2), February 1954; pp.6-10. [PDF, 239KB]

(1954) A.C. Reynolds: The conference on mechanical translation held at M.I.T., June 17-20, 1952. Mechanical Translation 1(3), December 1954; pp. 47-55 [PDF, 97KB]

International Telemeter Corporation, Los Angeles

(1957) Gilbert W.King: The requirements of lexical storage.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.79-87. [PDF, 48KB]

(1956) Gilbert W.King: 'Stochastic methods of mechanical translation', Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 38-39 [PDF, 85KB]

Irvine, University of California see University of California Irvine

Itek Corporation

(1964) Dick Markus: Five steps to Chinese mechanical translation [paper with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.39-59

(1964) Milos Pacak: Slavic languages: comparative morphosyntactic analysis. Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964; pp.11-14 [PDF, 153KB]

(1960) Thyllis Williams: From text to topic in mechanized searching systems. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.358-362. [PDF, 52KB]

Kentucky, University of

(1980) Michael C. McCord: Slot grammars. American Journal of Computational Linguistics 6 (1), pp. 31-43 [PDF, 1242KB]

Latsec Inc.

(1976) Peter Toma: SYSTRAN [summary]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.40-45 [PDF, 279KB]

Linguistics Research Center (University of Texas) see Texas, University: Linguistics Research Center

Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (Palo Alto, CA)

(1967) Lois L.Earl: Automatic determination of parts of speech of English words.  Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1967; pp.53-67 [PDF, 583KB]

(1967) L.L.Earl, B.V.Bhimani, & R.P.Mitchell: Statistics of operationally defined homonyms of elementary words. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1967; pp.11-17 [PDF, 280KB]

(1966) Lois L. Earl: Structural definition of affixes from multisyllable words. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966; pp.34-37 [PDF, 171KB]

(1966) Lois L. Earl: Structural definition of affixes from multisyllable words. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966; pp.34-37 [PDF, 171KB]

(1965) H.L.Resnikoff & J.L.Dolby: The nature of affixing in written English. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.84-89 [PDF, 173KB]

(1963) J.L.Dolby & H.L.Resnikoff: The graphic structure of word-breaking. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.34-35

(1963) E.R.Gammon: On representing syntactic structure. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.35

(1961) R.P.Mitchell: A note on categorical grammars. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 212-219 [with discussion]. [PDF, 126KB]

Logos Corporation

(1989) Bernard E. Scott: The Logos system. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 137-142 [PDF, 156KB]

(1989) Bernard E.Scott, Muriel Vasconcellos, Richard Samuels, Ralph Quinn, & James Unger: [Contributions to Panel on R&D policy. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1989) Esméralda Manandise: [review of] New directions in machine translation [ed. by] Dan Maxwell et al. (Foris Publications, 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (4), pp. 265-267 [PDF, 347KB]

(1986) Peter Wheeler: The LOGOS translation system . International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.20-33. [PDF, 72KB]

(1984) Ralph E.Hawes: Logos Corporation. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.122-123.

(1984) Peter Wheeler: Update on machine translation. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.39-51. [PDF, 55KB]

(1983) Ralph E.Hawes: Logos: the intelligent translation system. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.131-139 [PDF, 34KB]

(1977) Bernard E. Scott: Linguistic and computational motivations for the Logos machine translation system – an overview. Mt Arlington: Logos Corporation, 1977 rev. 1998. 40pp. Repr in: IAI Working Paper no.36, 2000. [PDF, 181KB]

(1974) Bernard E. Scott: [Letter on Logos MT system]. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 6; pp. 5-6. [PDF, 147KB]

Los Angeles: University of California see University of California Los Angeles

Machine Translation Ltd.

(1961) Russian language translated at 60,000 words per hour. Computers and Automation 10 (8), Augusr 1961, 7B. [PDF, 15KB]

Martin Marietta Corporation

(1988) Heidi M.Johnson, Yukiko Sekine, John S.White, & Gil C.Kim: Application of natural language interface to a machine translation problem. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 15pp. [PDF, 189KB]

Maryland, University of

(1989) Rita McCardell: [review of] Machine translation: linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology of evaluation [by] John Lehrberger and Laurent Bourbeau (John Benjamins Publishing Co., 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 194-195 [PDF, 253KB]

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

(1989) Bernard E.Scott, Muriel Vasconcellos, Richard Samuels, Ralph Quinn, & James Unger: [Contributions to Panel on R&D policy. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1982) Jonathan Allen: Reflections on twenty years of the ACL. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.104-106. [PDF, 297KB]

(1976) Robert J.Shillman: Optical character recognition based on phenomenal attributes [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.59 [PDF, 3691KB]

(1975) William N.Locke: Machine translation. In: Allen Kent, Harold Lancour, Jay E.Daisy (eds) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, vol.16. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1975; pp.414-444. [PDF, 273KB]

(1968) Julie Beth Lovins: Development of a stemming algorithm. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1968; pp. 22-31 [PDF, 297KB]

(1967) Victor H.Yngve: MT at M.I.T. 1965. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.451-523.

(1966) Wayne A.Lea: The “spectrum” of weak generative powers of grammars. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966; pp.10-14 [PDF, 200KB]

(1965) Jared L. Darlington: Machine methods for proving logical arguments expressed in English.  Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.41-67 [PDF, 422KB]

(1964) Ron Hofmann: Tables for manual conversion between systems of Mandarin transliteration [paper with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.11-18.

(1964) Ben K.T’sou: Sample sentences generated by computer [paper with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.18-30.

(1964) Victor H.Yngve: Implications of mechanical translation research. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol.108, no.4, 1964; pp.275-281. [PDF, 75KB]

(1964) Vic Yngve: [on MT research at MIT]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.6-11.

(1963) Elinor K.Charney: Sentence-meaning and word-meaning. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1963; pp.176-180. [PDF, 25KB]

(1963) Elinor K. Charney: Word-meaning and sentence-meaning. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.34

(1963) J.L.Darlington: Logical evaluation of arguments stated in “format Q”. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1963; pp.265-268. [PDF, 30KB]

(1963) J.L.Darlington: An ordinary language input for a COMIT proof-procedure program. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1963; pp.174-176. [PDF, 23KB]

(1963) Jared L. Darlington: Translating ordinary language into symbolic logic. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.34

(1963) G.H.Harman & V.H.Yngve: Generative grammars without transformation rules. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1963; pp.171-173. [PDF, 24KB]

(1963) Edward S. Klima: Interlingual correspondences at the syntactic level. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.38

(1963) Bertram Raphael: A computer representation for semantic information. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.41

(1963) Arnold C. Satterthwait: Computational research in Arabic.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.62-70 [PDF, 224KB]

(1963) Victor H.Yngve: Automatic machine translation: potentialities for Braille encoding. Proceedings of the International Congress on Technology and Blindness (William Byrd Press, 1963), vol.I; pp.393-402. [PDF, 45KB]

(1963) Victor H. Yngve: On the order of clauses. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.42

(1963) V.H.Yngve: Research objectives. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1963; p.171.[PDF, 11KB]

(1962) John S. Bross: Problems of equivalence in some German and English constructions.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.1, July 1962; pp.8-16 [PDF, 189KB]

(1962) Elinor Charney: Linguistic analogues of the free-variable.  Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1962; pp.208-211. [PDF, 26KB]

(1962) Elinor K.Charney: On the problem of sentence synonymy. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1962; pp.289-293. [PDF, 40KB]

(1962) Jared Darlington: Interlingua and MT, a discussion. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.1, July 1962; pp.2-7 [PDF, 128KB]

(1962) Maurice Gross: On the equivalence of models of language used in the fields of mechanical translation and information retrieval. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in Venice, July 1962. [Ed. Aldo Ghizzetti.] Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966; pp. 123-137. [PDF, 111KB]

(1962) E.S.Klima: Correspondence at the grammatical level.  Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1962; pp.212-229. [PDF, 105KB]

(1962) E.S.Klima: Relatedness between grammatical systems.  Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., April, 1962; pp.175-186. [PDF, 261KB]

(1962) K.C.Knowlton: Sentence parsing with a self-organizing heuristic program. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1962; pp.167-168. [PDF,  59KB]

(1962) W.K.Percival: German word order rules. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1962; pp.168-171. [PDF, 61KB]

(1962) Ross Quillian: A revised design for an understanding machine.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.1, July 1962; pp.17-29 [PDF, 201KB]

(1962) A.C.Satterthwait: Arabic to English translation. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1962; pp.171-176. [PDF, 87KB]

(1962) Victor H.Yngve: Computer programs for translation. Scientific American, vol.206, no.6, June 1962; pp. 68-76. [PDF, 1161KB]

(1962) V.H.Yngve: Status of research. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1962; pp.207-208. [PDF,  22KB]

(1961) J.L.Bennett, Carol Bosche, F.Helwig, Muriel Kannel, & V.H.Yngve: COMIT.  In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.214.

(1961) Elinor K.Charney: On the semantical interpretation of linguistic entities that function structurally. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.544-556. [PDF, 76KB] [discussion]

(1961) Elinor Charney: Semantics.  In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; pp.209-211.

(1961) J.L.Darlington: Interlingua. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.213.

(1961) D.A.Dinneen: French grammar. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; pp.208-209.

(1961) E.S.Klima: Comparative syntax. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; pp.206-207.

(1961) Edward S. Klima: Structure at the lexical level and its implications for transfer grammar. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.98-108. [PDF, 29KB] [discussion]

(1961)  D.Lieberman: Evaluation. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; pp.211-212.

(1961) G.H.Matthews: Analysis by synthesis of sentences of natural languages. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.532-540. [PDF, 35KB] [discussion]

(1961) G.H.Matthews: Recognition routine. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; pp.205-206.

(1961) W.K.Percival: Syncategorematic adjectives. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.214.

(1961) W.K.Percival: Theory of translation. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.214.

(1961) A.C.Satterthwait: Arabic translation. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; pp.212-213.

(1961) J.J.Viertel: English and German grammars. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.209.

(1961) Victor H. Yngve: Random generation of English sentences. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.66-80. [PDF, 146KB] [discussion]

(1961) V.H.Yngve: Status of research. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1961; pp.197-198. [PDF, 22KB]

(1961) V.H.Yngve: Syntactic phenomena. In: Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1961; p.205

(1960) J.R.Applegate: The German noun phrase. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1960; p.184. [PDF, 22KB]

(1960) Joseph R.Applegate: Syntax of the German noun phrase. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.280-285. [PDF, 57KB]

(1960) G.H.Matthews: The use of grammars within the mechanical translation routine. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.245-248. [PDF, 52KB]

(1960) Victor H.Yngve: The COMIT system. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.439-443. [PDF, 51KB]

(1960) Victor H.Yngve: Mechanical translation research: statement…before the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, May 11, 1960; 5pp. [PDF, 31KB]

(1960) Victor H. Yngve: MT at MIT: the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.126-132. [PDF, 69KB]

(1960) Victor H.Yngve: A model and an hypothesis for language structure. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol.104, no.5, October 1964; pp.444-466. [PDF, 2126KB]

(1960) V.H.Yngve: Research objectives. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1960; p.183. [PDF, 19KB]

(1960) Victor H.Yngve: [Closing address]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); p.520.

(1959) V.H.Yngve: The COMIT system for mechanical translation.  Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp.183-187. [PDF, 53KB]

(1959) Victor H.Yngve: In defense of English. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.935-940. [PDF, 36KB]

(1959) V.H.Yngve: A model and a hypothesis for language structure. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1959; p.157. [PDF, 19KB]

(1958) W.S.Cooper: Compact encoding of reference data. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1958; pp.175-178. [PDF, 38KB]

(1958) William S.Cooper: The storage problem, Mechanical Translation 5 (2), November 1958; pp. 74-83 [PDF, 248KB]

(1958) G.H.Matthews & Syrell Rogovin: German sentence recognition, Mechanical Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 114-119 [PDF, 139KB]

(1958) V.H.Yngve & G.H.Matthews: A compiler-interpreter for mechanical translation. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1958; p.176. [PDF, 19KB]

(1958) Victor H.Yngve: The feasibility of machine searching of English texts. Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information, Washington, D.C., November 16-21, 1958 (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council, 1959); pp.975-995. [PDF, 115KB]

(1958) Victor H.Yngve: A programming language for mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 5 (1), July 1958; pp. 25-41 [PDF, 282KB]

(1957) R.B.Lees: Generation of nominal compounds in English. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1957; pp.131-132. [PDF, 27KB]

(1957) R.B.Lees: Structural grammars, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 5-10 [PDF, 155KB]

(1957) R.B.Lees: Structural grammars. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., April, 1957; pp.133-134. [PDF, 22KB]

(1957) W.N.Locke & V.H.Yngve: Research in translation by machine at M.I.T. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.510-514.

(1957) William N.Locke: [contributions to] Discussion [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.521-523.

(1957) Bjarne Ulvestad: Syntactical variants, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 28-34 [PDF, 164KB]

(1957) V.H.Yngve: A framework for syntactic translation, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 59-65 [PDF, 141KB]

(1957) V.H.Yngve: Present status of the research. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1957; pp.131-132. [PDF, 24KB]

(1957) Victor H.Yngve: The technical feasibility of translating languages by machine.  Communication and Electronics 28 (January 1957), 792-797. [PDF, 93KB]

(1956) William N.Locke: Translation by machine. Scientific American, vol.194, no.1, January 1956; pp. 29-33. [PDF, 1002KB]

(1956) Victor H.Yngve: Gap analysis and syntax. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, vol.IT-2, no.3 (1956); pp.106-112. [PDF, 80KB]

(1956) Victor H. Yngve: Mechanical translation research at MIT, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 44-45 [PDF, 91KB]

(1956) Victor H.Yngve: The outlook for mechanical translation. Babel 2 (3), October 1956; pp.99-101. [PDF, 31KB]

(1956) Victor H.Yngve: Terminology in the light of research on mechanical translation. Babel 2 (3), October 1956; pp.128-132. [PDF, 40KB]

 (1955) A.Donald Booth & William N.Locke: Historical introduction. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp.1-14.

(1955) W.N.Locke: Speech input. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 104-118.

(1955) Victor H.Yngve: Machines for the translation of languages. Journal of Communication 5 (2), Summer 1955, 35-40. [PDF, 34KB]

(1955) Victor H. Yngve: Sentence-for-sentence translation, Mechanical Translation 2 (2), November 1955; pp. 29-37 [PDF, 188KB]

(1955) V.H.Yngve: Syntactic categories. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., January, 1955; pp.93-95. [PDF, 51KB]

(1955) Victor H.Yngve: Syntax and the problem of multiple meaning. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 208-226.

(1955) Victor H. Yngve: The translation of languages by machine [with discussion].  In: Information theory: papers read at a symposium on ‘Information theory’ held at the Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by Colin Cherry, London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956; pp.195-203. [PDF, 75KB]

 (1954) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Can translation be mechanized? American Scientist 42; pp.248-260. [PDF, 73KB]

(1954) V.H.Yngve: Language as an error correcting code. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., April, 1954; pp.73-74. [PDF, 21KB]

(1954) Victor H. Yngve: The machine and man, Mechanical Translation 1 (2), August 1954; pp. 20-22 [PDF, 53KB]

(1954) V.H.Yngve: Mechanical translation. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., July, 1954; p.74. [PDF, 16KB]

 (1953) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Machine translation. Computers and Automation 2 (5); pp.1-6. [PDF, 40KB]

(1953) V.H.Yngve: Mechanical translation. Quarterly Progress Report of the Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T., October, 1953; pp.35-36. [PDF, 19KB]

(1952) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Mechanical translation: needs and possibilities Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 77KB]

(1952) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Operational grammar Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 107KB]

(1952) James W. Perry: Machine techniques for index searching and for machine translation. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 68KB]

(1947) Warren Weaver & Norbert Wiener: [Correspondence, March-May 1947.]; original texts [PDF, 20KB]; photocopies of original typescripts [PDF, 75KB]

Massachusetts, University of

(1987) David D. McDonald: Natural language generation: complexities and techniques.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.192-224.

(1985) David D. McDonald: Recovering the speaker’s decisions during mechanical translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 183-199. [PDF, 173KB]

(1985) James Pustejovsky: The level hypothesis in discourse analysis.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 245-267. [PDF, 213KB]

Metagram

(1982) David G.Hays: 2002: another score. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.95-96. [PDF, 182KB]

Michigan, University of

(1961) W. Smoke & E. Dubinsky: A program for the machine translation of natural languages.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.2-10. [PDF, 233KB]

(1959) Andreas Koutsoudas: Machine translation at the University of Michigan. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.765-770. [PDF, 39KB]

(1957) Andreas Koutsoudas: Mechanical translation and Zipf’s law. Language 33, 545-552. [note]

(1957) Ilse Lehiste: Order of subject and predicate in scientific Russian, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 66-67 [PDF, 104KB]

(1956) A. Koutsoudas & R. Machol: Mechanical translation work at the University of Michigan, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; p. 34, 41 [PDF, 104KB]

(1956) A. Koutsoudas & R. Korfhage: 'Mechanical translation and the problem of multiple meaning', Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 46-51 [PDF, 225KB]

Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation

(1989) Mark Eaton, Maria Russo, Dale Bostad, & Alan Melby: [Contributions to Panel on user needs. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1989) J.Slocum: Machine translation: practical issues. In: J.A.Campbell and J.Cuena (eds.) Perspectives in artificial intelligence, vol.II: machine translation, NLP, databases and computer-aided instruction (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1989); pp.13-38. [PDF, 204KB]

(1988) Megumi Kameyama: Atomization in grammar sharing. 26th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 7-10 June 1988, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; pp.194-203. [PDF, 804KB]

(1986) Jonathan Slocum: Letter to the editor: Is MT linguistics? (Reply to Letter to the Editor, volume 12, number 1) Computational Linguistics, vol.12, no.2, April-June 1986; p.125. [PDF, 85KB]

(1985) Winfield S. Bennett & Jonathan Slocum: The LRC machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 111-121 [PDF, 1157KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 111-140.]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum: A survey of machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects.  Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp. 1-17 [PDF, 2069KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 1-47.]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum, Winfield S. Bennett, Lesley Whiffin, & Edda Norcross: An evaluation of METAL: the LRC machine translation system.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 62-69. [PDF, 812KB]

MITRE Corporation

(1971) D.Walker: The current status of computer hardware and software as it affects the development of high quality machine translation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.533-535. [PDF, 17KB]

Monmouth College

(1988) Michiko Kosaka, Virginia Teller, & Ralph Grishman: A sublanguage approach to Japanese-English machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.109-121. [note]

(1988) Virginia Teller, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A comparative study of Japanese and English sublanguage patterns. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

MRM Inc.

(1976) David G. Hays & J. Mathias (eds.): FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; 97pp. [PDF, 3691KB]

(1976) J. Mathias: Chinese-English Translation Assistance group [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.26 [PDF, 36KB]

(1976) Jim Mathias: Summary notes[for] FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.89-90. [PDF, 101KB]

(1976) David G.Hays & Jim Mathias: Conceptual outlines of machine translation: systems and experience. Appendix of FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.91-96 [PDF, 3691KB]

National Academy of Sciences see National Research Council

National Bureau of Standards

(1967) Ida Rhodes: The importance of the glossary storage in machine translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.429-449.

(1965) Leroy F.Meyers: Morphological classification in the National Bureau of Standards mechanical translation system. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,12 (4), October 1965; pp.437-472. [PDF, 430KB]

(1962) Ida Rhodes: Syntactic integration carried out mechanically. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in Venice, July 1962. [Ed. Aldo Ghizzetti.] Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966; pp. 205-209. [PDF, 38KB]

(1961) Franz L. Alt & Ida Rhodes: Recognition of clauses and phrases in machine translation of languages. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 126-142. [PDF, 124KB] [discussion]

(1961) Ida Rhodes: A new approach to the mechanical syntactic analysis of Russian.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.33-50. [PDF, 719KB]

(1960) E.W.Cannon: Summation by chairman [of Session 2: Current research].  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.136-138. [PDF, 41KB]

(1960) Ida Rhodes: The National Bureau of Standards method of syntactic integration. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.39-44. [PDF, 74KB]

(1959) Ida Rhodes: The NBS translation method. Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); pp.218-219. [PDF]

(1957) Richard B.Thomas: The use of SEAC in syntactic analysis.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.151-161. [PDF, 169KB]

National Cash Register Company

(1955) William E.Bull, Charles Africa, & Daniel Teichroew: Some problems of the “word”. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 86-103.

National Research Council

(1989) National Research Council: Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, held at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. on December 7, 1989. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1990.) xiii, 36pp. [PDF, 239KB]

National Research Council: Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee

(1996) John Hutchins: ALPAC: the (in)famous report. In: MT News International no.14, June 1996

(1989) Makoto Nagao: Japanese view of the future of machine translation. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.123-140. [PDF, 212KB]

(1984) Margaret King: When is the next ALPAC report due? Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.352-353. [PDF, 140KB]

(1967) James P.Titus: The nebulous future of machine translation. Communications of the ACM, vol.10, no.3, March 1967; pp.189-191. [PDF, 626KB]

(1966) Language and machines: computers in translation and linguistics. A report by the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee, Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. [Chairman: J.R.Pierce.] Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council, 1966. [14], 124pp. [Complete text , PDF, 1081KB; table of contents]

National Science Foundation

(1982) Paul G. Chapin: ACL in 1977. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.103. [PDF, 63KB]

(1976) Sally Yeates Sedelow: Summary remarks for machine translation conference. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.77-81 [PDF, 195KB]

(1964) Richard See: Mechanical translation and related language research.  Science 144 (3619), 8 May 1964; pp.621-626. [PDF, 85KB]

(1964) R.See: [On Chinese telegraphic code].  In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.164-173.

 (1960) Helen Bronson: Special report [of planning committee].  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.521-522. [PDF, 60KB]

New Mexico State University

(1988) Yorick Wilks: Themes in the work of Margaret Masterman.  Translating and the Computer 10:The translation environment 10 years on, ed. Pamela Mayorcas. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1988, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1990); pp.148-160. [PDF, 64KB]

(1986) Xiuming Huang: A brief description of the XTRA machine translation system. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in America, Asia and Europe. Proceedings of IAI-MT86, 20-22 August 1986, Bürgerhaus, Dudweiler; pp.282-285. [PDF, 40KB]

(1986) Xiuming Huang & Louise Guthrie: Parsing in parallel. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 140-145. [PDF, 577KB]

(1985) Yorick Wilks: Relevance, points of view and dialogue modelling.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 370-387. [PDF, 198KB]

New York, City University of

(1988) Virginia Teller, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A comparative study of Japanese and English sublanguage patterns. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

New York, State University of (Buffalo)

(1984) Paul L.Garvin: Grammar in the light of machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 28-30. [PDF, 93KB]

(1976) David G. Hays & J. Mathias (eds.): FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; 97pp. [PDF, 3691KB]

(1976) David G. Hays: Machine (aided) translation: generalities and guide to action. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.84-88 [PDF, 210KB]

(1976) David G.Hays & Jim Mathias: Conceptual outlines of machine translation: systems and experience. Appendix of FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.91-96 [PDF, 3691KB]

New York University

(1988) Michiko Kosaka, Virginia Teller, & Ralph Grishman: A sublanguage approach to Japanese-English machine translation. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.109-121. [note]

(1988) Virginia Teller, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A comparative study of Japanese and English sublanguage patterns. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

North Dakota University

(1961) Lawrence Summers: Machine translation of Russian organic chemical names into English by analysis and resynthesis of the component fragments. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 266-277. [PDF, 78KB] [discussion]

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(1976) Martha W. Gerrard: Regular use of machine translation of Russian at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp. 53-56 [PDF, 214KB]

Ohio State University

(1965) Leroy F.Meyers: Morphological classification in the National Bureau of Standards mechanical translation system. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,12 (4), October 1965; pp.437-472. [PDF, 430KB]

(1964) Leroy Meyers & Ann Yue Hashimoto: Chinese grammars and the computer at the Ohio State University [and] A condensed account of syntactic analysis of Mandarin [discussion of papres]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.123-130.

(1964) Bill Wang: Project on linguistic analysis [paper and discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.105-123.

Pan American Health Organization

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Cohesion and coherence in the presentation of machine translation products. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.89-105. [PDF, 159KB]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Long-term data for an MT policy. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3), 1989; pp.203-213. [PDF, 1313KB]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: M(A)T in the USA. Regional Center for North America of FIT: Proceedings of the Second North American Translators Congress, Washington, D.C., 1989, ed. Jean-François Joly; pp.159-167. [PDF, 4713KB]

(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: The place of MT in an in-house translation service. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; pp. 158-159 [PDF, 75KB]

(1989) Bernard E.Scott, Muriel Vasconcellos, Richard Samuels, Ralph Quinn, & James Unger: [Contributions to Panel on R&D policy. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1988) Lee Ann Schwartz: Coordination: some problems and solutions for the analysis of English with an ATN. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp.. [PDF, 117KB]

(1986) Muriel Vasconcellos: Application of MT in an integrated environment: update on the Pan American Health Organization. American Translators Association Conference – 1986: Proceedings of the 27th annual conference of the American Translators Association, Cleveland, Ohio, October 16-19, 1986, ed. Karl Kummer (Medford, NJ: Learned Information, Inc., 1986); pp.129-133. [PDF, 2954KB]

(1986) Muriel Vasconcellos: Post-editing on-screen: machine translation from Spanish into English.  Translating and the Computer 8: a profession on the move, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 13-14 November 1986, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point, London (London: Aslib, 1987); pp.133-146. [PDF, 93KB]

(1985) Muriel Vasconcellos: Machine aids to translation: a holistic scenario for maximizing the technology. In: Humphrey Tonkin and Karen Johnson-Weiner (eds.) Overcoming language barriers: the human/machine relationship. Report of the Fourth Annual Conference of the Center for Research and Documentation on World Problems, New York, December 13-14, 1985; pp.27-34. [PDF, 573KB]

(1985) Muriel Vasconcellos & Marjorie Léon: SPANAM and ENGSPAN: machine translation at the Pan American Health Organization.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 122-136 [PDF, 1664KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 187-235.]

(1983) Muriel Vasconcellos: Management of the machine translation environment: interaction of functions at the Pan American Health Organization.  Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.115-129 [PDF, 90KB]

Pennsylvania, University of

(1982) Aravind K. Joshi: Twenty years of reflections. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.102. [PDF, 95KB]

(1962) Naomi Sager: A procedure for syntactic analysis. In: Panel on Semantics and Syntactics. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.334-335. [PDF]

(1954) Zellig S.Harris: Transfer grammar. International Journal of American Linguistics 20 (4), 259-270. [note]

Planning Research Corporation

(1989) John S. White: [review of] Machine translation systems [ed. by] Jonathan Slocum (Cambridge University Press, 1988).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 200-204 [PDF, 616KB]

(1960) H.P.Edmundson: Introduction [to Session 8: Information processing and linguistic analysis.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.356-357. [PDF, 39KB]

(1960) H.P.Edmundson: Orientation. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); p.xvii. [PDF, 51KB]

(1960) H.P.Edmundson: Conclusion. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); p.523. [PDF, 54KB]

(1960) Victor Oswald: Introduction [to Session 8: Semantic resolution.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.384-385. [PDF, 40KB]

Princeton University

(1985) R.E.Cullingford & B.A.Onyshkevych: Lexicon-driven machine translation.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 75-115. [PDF, 287KB]

Princeton University: Institute of Advanced Study see Institute of Advanced Study (Princeton, NJ)

Purdue University

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: The subworld concept lexicon and the lexicon management system.  Computational Linguistics 13 (3-4), pp. 276-289 [PDF, 1187KB]

(1987) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen B. Tucker: The structure of interlingua in TRANSLATOR.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.90-113

(1987) Victor Raskin: Linguistics and natural language processing.  In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987); pp.42-58.

(1986) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: A metric for computational analysis of meaning: toward an applied theory of linguistic semantics. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 338-340. [PDF, 391KB]

(1986) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen Tucker: On knowledge-based machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 627-632. [PDF, 508KB]

(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, & Victor Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in expository text. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986, University of Bonn, [Germany]. Proceedings; pp. 181-183. [PDF, 323KB]

(1985) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin & Allen B. Tucker: Interlingua design for TRANSLATOR.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 224-244. [PDF, 318KB]

(1985) Victor Raskin: Linguistics and natural language processing.  Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 268-282. [PDF, 175KB]

Ramo-Wooldridge Inc.

(1961) Paul L. Garvin: Automatic linguistic analysis – a heuristic problem. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.656-669. [PDF, 44KB] [discussion]

(1960) Paul L.Garvin: From model to procedure. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.367-370. [PDF, 50KB]

(1960) Paul L.Garvin: Syntactic retrieval. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.286-292. [PDF, 66KB]

(1960) Jules Mersel: Research in machine translation at Ramo-Wooldridge. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.26-38. [PDF, 96KB]

(1960) Don R.Swanson: Introduction [to Session 7: The dictionary]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.310-311. [PDF, 48KB]

(1960) Don R.Swanson: The nature of multiple meaning. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.386-393. [PDF, 83KB]

(1959) Anthony V.Banes, Howard L.Engel, & Don R.Swanson: An instruction code for language processing. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.755-758. [PDF, 34KB]

(1959) P.L.Garvin: Syntactic information retrieval. Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); p.218. [PDF]

(1959) P.L.Garvin: [contribution to] Discussion [of] K.E.Harper and D.G.Hays: The use of machines in the construction of a grammar and computer program for structural analysis. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); p. 194. [PDF]

(1959) P.L.Garvin: [contribution to] Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); p.218. [PDF]

(1959) D.R.Swanson: “Word block model” for Russian-English syntax. Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); p.219. [PDF]

RAND Corporation

(1967) Kenneth E.Harper: Syntactic and semantic problems in automatic sentence generation. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 9pp. [PDF,

(1967) Martin Kay: Experiments with a powerful parser.  Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 21pp. [PDF, 844KB]

(1967) Robert M. Schwarcz: Steps toward a model of linguistic performance: a preliminary sketch. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1967; pp.39-52 [PDF, 276KB]

(1966) Jane Robinson: Endocentric constructions and the Cocke parsing logic. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966; pp.4-9 [PDF, 195KB]

(1965) Kenneth E. Harper: Measurement of similarity between nouns. Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 23pp. [PDF, 769KB]

(1964) Kenneth E. Harper: The position of prepositional phrases in Russian. Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964; pp.5-10 [PDF, 166KB]

(1964) David G.Hays: Dependency theory: a formalism and some observations.  Language 40 (4), 1964; pp.511-525. [note]

(1963) Kenneth E. Harper: A study of the combinatorial properties of Russian nouns. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.36

(1963) Kenneth E.Harper: Machine translation.  Current Trends in Linguistics, vol.1: Soviet and East European Linguistics. (The Hague: Mouton, 1963); pp.133-142. [PDF, 146KB]

(1963) David G. Hays: Connectability calculations, syntactic functions, and Russian syntax. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.36-37

(1962) D.G.Hays: Exhaustive parsing procedures. In: Symposium on Modern Techniques of Language Translation. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.330-331. [PDF]

(1962) David G.Hays: An introduction to computational procedures in linguistic research. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in Venice, July 1962. [Ed. Aldo Ghizzetti.] Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966; pp. 139-165. [PDF, 211KB]

(1961) H.P.Edmundson, K.E.Harper, D.G.Hays, & B.J.Scott: Studies in machine translation—8: Manual for postediting Russian text.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.63-71. [PDF, 240KB]

(1961) K.E.Harper: Procedures for the determination of distributional classes. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.688-698. [PDF, 35KB] [discussion]

(1961) David G. Hays: On the value of dependency connection. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.578-590. [PDF, 68KB] [discussion]

(1961) Dean S.Worth: Transformation criteria for the classification of predicative genitive constructions in Russian. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.726-735. [PDF, 131KB]

(1960) Kenneth Harper: Soviet research in machine translation. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.2-12. [PDF,55KB]

(1960) David G.Hays: Grouping and dependency theory. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.258-266. [PDF, 104KB]

(1960) David G.Hays: Linguistic research at the RAND Corporation. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.13-25. [PDF, 203KB]

(1960) Hugh Kelly & Ted Ziehe: Glossary lookup made easy. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.325-334. [PDF, 84KB]

(1960) Hugh Kelly: MIMIC: a translator for English coding. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.451-461. [PDF, 91KB]

(1960) Willis Ware: Introduction [to Session 10: Programming.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); p.438. [PDF, 33KB]

(1960) Willis Ware: Summation by chairman  [of Session 10: programming.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.480-481. [PDF, 45KB]

(1960) Willis Ware: Summation by chairman [of Session 11: equipment]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.519-520. [PDF, 46KB]

(1959) K.E.Harper & D.G.Hays: The use of machines in the construction of a grammar and computer program for structural analysis. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp.188-194. [PDF, 129KB]

(1959) D.G.Hays: Introduction. Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); p.218. [PDF]

(1959) D.G.Hays: [contribution to] Discussion [of] V.E.Giuliano and A.G.Oettinger: Research on automatic translation at the Harvard Computation Laboratory. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); p. 183. [PDF]

(1958) H.P.Edmundson & D.G.Hays: Research methodology for machine translation, Mechanical Translation 5 (1), July 1958; pp. 8-15 [PDF, 147KB]

(1958) D.G.Hays: Order of subject and object in scientific Russian when other differentia are lacking, Mechanical Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 111-113 [PDF, 120KB]

(1956) Kenneth E. Harper: 'Contextual analysis in word-for-word MT', Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 40-41 [PDF, 77KB]

(1952) Olaf Helmer: The structure of the problem of mechanical translation. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (One page abstract) [PDF, 42KB]

R&D Consultants Company (Los Altos, CA)

(1966) H.L.Resnikoff & J.L.Dolby: The nature of affixing in written English, part II. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.2, June 1966; pp.23-33 [PDF, 387KB]

Rockefeller Foundation

(1955) Warren Weaver: The new tower. Foreword to: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp.v-vii.

(1955) Warren Weaver: Translation. [Reprint of memorandum written in July 1949.] In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 15-23.

(1951) W.F.Loomis: Mechanical translation [memorandum to Warren Weaver on current activity].  [New York]; Rockefeller Foundation, January 18, 1951; 4pp. [PDF, 22KB]

(1949) Warren Weaver: The mathematics of communication. Scientific American, vol.181, no.1, July 1949; pp.11-15. [PDF, 194KB]

(1949) Warren Weaver: Translation. 17 July 1949. [typescript], 13pp., [PDF, 88KB]; 13pp., photocopy of original [PDF, 296KB]

(1948) Warren Weaver & W.Prager: [Correspondence on decipherment, March 1948.] [PDF, 62KB]

(1947) Warren Weaver & Norbert Wiener: [Correspondence, March-May 1947.]; original texts [PDF, 20KB]; photocopies of original typescripts [PDF, 75KB]

Siemens Corporation

(1981) Jonathan Slocum: A practical comparison of parsing strategies. 19th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: proceedings of the conference, 29 June – 1 July 1981, Stanford University, Stanford, California; pp.1-6. [PDF, 705KB]

Southern California, University of

(1989) Makoto Nagao, Jaime Carbonell, David Johnson, & Alvin Despain: [Contributions to Panel on the state of the art. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

Southern California, University of: Information Sciences Institute see Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California

SRI International

(1982) Donald E. Walker: Reflections on 20 years of the ACL, an introduction.  20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.89-91. [PDF, 253KB]

(1982) Donald E. Walker: A society in transition. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.98-99. [PDF, 151KB]

(1980) Gary G. Hendrix: Future prospects for computational linguistics. 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 19-22 June 1980, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.131-135. [PDF, 453KB]

(1980) Donald E.Walker & Hans Karlgren: Computer aids in translation. Lebende Sprachen, vol.25, no.1, p.14. [PDF, 16KB]

Stanford University

(1975) Yorick Wilks: An intelligent analyzer and understander of English. Communications of the ACM 18 (5), May 1975; pp.264-274 [note]

(1973) Yorick Wilks & Annette Herskovits: An intelligent analyser and generator for natural language. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); vol.1, pp.741-768. [PDF, 117KB]

(1973) Yorick Wilks: The Stanford machine translation project. In: R.Rustin (ed.) Natural language processing (New York: Algorithmics Press), pp.243-290. Repr. in: Khurshid Ahmad, Christopher Brewster, & Mark Stevenson (eds.) Words and intelligence I: selected papers by Yorick Wilks (Dordrecht: Springer); pp.29-59.

(1969) Yorick Wilks: Interactive semantic analysis of English paragraphs. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 8; 33pp. [PDF, 1187KB]

Summer Institute of Linguistics

(1968) Joseph E. Grimes, John R. Alsop, & Alan Wares: Computer backup for field work in phonology. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1968; pp. 73-74 [PDF, 126KB]

Symantec

(1989) Jonathan Slocum: [review of] Word expert semantics [ed. by] Bart C.Papegaaij et al. (Foris Publications, 1986).  Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp. 207-210 [PDF, 111KB]

System Development Corporation

(1968) Robert F. Simmons & John F. Burger: A semantic analyzer for English sentences. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1 and 2, March and June 1968; pp. 1-13 [PDF, 287KB]

(1966) Sheldon Klein: Historical change in language using Monte Carlo techniques. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3 and 4, September and December 1966; pp.67-82 [PDF, 393KB]

(1965) Sheldon Klein: Automatic paraphrasing in essay format. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; pp.68-83 [PDF, 301KB]

(1963) Sheldon Klein: Some experiments performed with an automatic paraphraser. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.38

(1963) Sheldon Klein & Robert F. Simmons: Syntactic dependence and the computer generation of coherent discourse.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.50-61 [PDF, 248KB]

Systran Corporation

(1989) Chuck Walrad, Takehiko Yamamoto, Tom Seal, & Cheryl Bettels: [Contributions to Panel on market prospects. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1989) exhibitors at MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [Frankfurt a.M.: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentations e.V.]; 2nd ed.: pp.13-28.[PDF, 271KB]

(1987) Joann P. Ryan: Systran: a machine translation system to meet user needs.  MT Summit: Machine Translation Summit.  Manuscripts & Program, September 17-19, 1987, Hakone Prince Hotel, Japan; pp. 99-103 [PDF, 101KB] [Reprint in: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 116-121]

Temple University

(1976) Raymond D.Gumb: [review of] Essays on lexical semantics, vol.1 [ed.] V.Ju.Rozencvejg. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.68-76. [PDF, 105KB]

Texas Instruments

(1984) Raj Gunawardana: Automatic speech recognition: fact or fantasy? Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.167-177. [PDF, 91KB]

Texas University

(1960) Ramon D.Faulk: A general-purpose language translation program for the IBM 650 computer. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.409-421. [PDF, 108KB]

(1960) Stanley N. Werbow: Report on the Texas project.  Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.121-125. [PDF, 64KB]

Texas, University: Linguistics Research Center

(1989) Winfred P. Lehmann: Machine translation: achievements, problems, promise. Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989: “Language teaching, testing, and technology: lessons from the past with a view toward the future”, James E.Alatis, ed. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1989); pp.385-392. [PDF, 96KB]

(1988) Winfield S.Bennett: Methodological considerations in the METAL project. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 8pp. [PDF, 141KB]

(1986) John S. White: What should machine translation be?  [Contribution to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-13 June 1986, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; p.267. [PDF, 66KB]

(1985) Winfield S. Bennett & Jonathan Slocum: The LRC machine translation system.  Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp. 111-121 [PDF, 1157KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988; pp. 111-140.]

(1985) Rebecca Root: A two-way approach to structural transfer in MT. Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 70-72. [PDF, 261KB]

(1985) Jonathan Slocum, Winfield S. Bennett, Lesley Whiffin, & Edda Norcross: An evaluation of METAL: the LRC machine translation system.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 62-69. [PDF, 812KB]

(1984) Jonathan Slocum: Machine translation: its history, current status, and future prospects. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.546-561. [PDF, 1656KB]

(1983) Jonathan Slocum: A status report on the LRC machine translation system. First conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica, California, USA; pp. 166-173 [PDF, 701KB; original defective first page]]

(1982) Winfield S.Bennett: The LRC machine translation system: an overview of the linguistic component of METAL. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 29-31. [PDF, 108KB]

(1982) Winfred P. Lehmann: My term. 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; p.97. [PDF, 49KB]

(1982) Robert F. Simmons: Themes from 1972.  20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 16-18 June 1982, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; pp.100-101. [PDF, 176KB]

(1981) Jonathan Slocum: A practical comparison of parsing strategies. 19th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: proceedings of the conference, 29 June – 1 July 1981, Stanford University, Stanford, California; pp.1-6. [PDF, 705KB]

(1980) Jonathan Slocum: An experiment in machine translation. 18th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 19-22 June 1980, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.163-164. [PDF, 191KB]

(1978) Winfred P.Lehmann: Machine translation. In: J.Belzer, A.G.Holzman, A.Kent (eds.) Encyclopedia of computer science and technology, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1978; pp.151-164. [PDF, 82KB]

(1976) Robert F. Simmons: Formal representation [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.70-71 [PDF, 3691KB]

(1973) Annette Stachowitz: Beyond the feasibility study: lexicographic progress.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); vol.1, pp.323-335. [PDF, 600KB]

(1973) Rolf A. Stachowitz: Beyond the feasibility study: syntax and semantics.  Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 37); vol.2, pp.837-848. [PDF, 144KB]

(1972) W.P.Lehmann & Rolf A.Stachowitz: Machine translation in Western Europe: a survey. Current Trends in Linguistics, vol.9: Linguistics in Western Europe. (The Hague: Mouton, 1972); pp.688-701. [PDF, 132KB]

(1971) Winfred P.Lehmann & Rolf Stachowitz (eds.): Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; 2 vols.

(1971) Winfred P.Lehmann & Rolf Stachowitz: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; vol.1, pp.ii-xi, 1-72pp. [PDF, 236KB]

(1971) Norman M.Martin: Philosophy of language and the feasibility of MT: a position paper. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.163-174. [PDF, 32KB]

(1971) Jacob Mey: Toward a theory of computational linguistics. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.175-187. [PDF, 46KB]

(1971) Eugene D.Pendergraft: Meaning revisited. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.188-323. [PDF, 338KB]

(1971) Annette Stachowitz: Analysis of Es liegt eine grosse Anzahl von Elementen vor. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.356-366. [PDF, 160KB]

(1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Lexical features in translation and paraphrasing: an experiment. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.367-408. [PDF, 553KB]

(1971) Rolf Stachowitz: Requirements for machine translation: problems, solutions, prospects. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.409-532. [PDF, 2020KB]

(1971) L.Zgusta: Equivalents and explanations in bilingual dictionaries. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.536-548. [PDF, 70KB]

(1971) L.Zgusta: The shape of the dictionary for mechanical translation purposes. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.549-576. [PDF, 86KB]

(1965) W.P.Lehmann: An experiment in machine translation. The Graduate Journal vol.7 (1); pp. 111-131. [PDF, 116KB]

(1965) E.D.Pendergraft & N.Dale: Automatic linguistic classification. Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 37pp. [PDF, 1292KB]

(1965) L.W.Tosh: Data preparation for syntactic translation.  Coling 1965: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, New York, USA, May 1965; 37pp. [PDF, 1270KB]

(1964) Wayne Tosh: Report memorandum RM-64-DA 0110 [comments on report, with discussion]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.30-39.

(1963) Joyce M. Brady & William B. Estes: Concerning the role of sub-grammars in machine translation. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.33-34

(1963) Ronald W. Jonas: Design of a generalized information system. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.38

(1963) W.P. Lehmann: On redundancy in artificial languages. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.39

(1963) E.D.Pendergraft: Types of language hierarchy. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.41

(1963) Wayne Tosh: Collecting linguistic data for the grammar of a language. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.42

(1962) Wayne Tosh: Content recognition and the production of synonymous expressions. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, Cambridge, Mass., August 27-31, 1962 (The Hague: Mouton, 1964); pp.722-729 [PDF, 108KB]

(1957) W.P.Lehmann: Structure of noun phrases in German.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.125-133. [PDF, 160KB]

Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc.

(1963) H.P. Edmundson: The behavior of English articles. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.35

(1962) Paul L.Garvin: The impact of language data processing on linguistic analysis. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, Cambridge, Mass., August 27-31, 1962 (The Hague: Mouton, 1964); pp.706-712. [PDF, 99KB]

Union Carbide Corporation

(1976) Fred C. Hutton: Georgetown University MT system usage, Nuclear Division, Union Carbide Corp.... [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.57. [PDF, 3691KB]

Unisys Defense Systems

(1989) Lynette Hirshman: Overview of the DARPA Speech and Natural Language workshop.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, February 21-23, 1989. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1989); pp. 1-2. [PDF, 529KB]

US Air Force

(1989) Mark Eaton, Maria Russo, Dale Bostad, & Alan Melby: [Contributions to Panel on user needs. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1986) Dale Bostad: Machine translation in the USAF. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.68-72. [PDF, 17KB]

 (1981) Dale A. Bostad: Quality control procedures in modification of the Air Force Russian-English MT system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 129-133. [PDF, 27KB]

(1971) Zbigniew L.Pankowicz & Franz H.Dettmer: Foreword [to] Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; p.ii. [PDF, 12KB]

(1971) Zbigniew Pankowicz: Technical evaluation. In: Feasibility study on fully automatic high quality translation. New York: Rome Air Development Center, Griffiss Air Force Base, December 1971; pp.iv-ix. [PDF, 21KB]

(1970) André R. Gouin: French to English machine translation system based upon digital computer software programs (Systran). MSc thesis, School of Engineering, Air Force Institute of technology, Air University (Wright-patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, [USA]), March 1970. xii, 41pp. (appendices omitted) [PDF, 4077KB]

(1961) Murray E.Sherry: The identification of nested structures in predictive syntactic analysis. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 144-155. [PDF, 79KB] [discussion]

(1960) Neil Macdonald: The photoscopic language translator.  Computers and Automation, August 1960; pp.6-8. [PDF, 35KB]

US House of Representatives

(1960) Research on mechanical translation: report of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S.House of Representatives, Eighty-sixth Congress, Second Session, Serial d, June 28, 1960. United States Government Printing Office, Washington; 1960; 51pp. [PDF, 551KB]

(1960) Victor H.Yngve: Mechanical translation research: statement…before the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, May 11, 1960; 5pp. [PDF, 31KB]

US Medical Naval Research Unit (Taiwan) see Taiwan: US Medical Naval Research Unit

US Patent Office

(1957) Simon M.Newman: Linguistics and information retrieval.  Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.103-111. [PDF, 43KB]

University of California Berkeley see California, University of

University of California Irvine

(1987) Rika Yoshii: JETR: a robust machine translation system. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; pp.25-31. [PDF, 542KB]

University of California Los Angeles

(1985) Eric Wehrli: Design and implementation of a lexical data base.  Second conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; pp. 73-78. [PDF, 684KB]

(1960) George W.Brown: Welcome. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); p.xv. [PDF, 33KB]

(1960) Kenneth Harper: Introduction [to Session 6: Syntax]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.256-257. [PDF, 52KB]

(1960) Kenneth Harper: Soviet research in machine translation. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.2-12. [PDF,55KB]

(1957) Kenneth E. Harper: Semantic ambiguity, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 68-69 [PDF, 93KB]

(1957) Kenneth E. Harper: Contextual analysis, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 70-75 [PDF, 159KB]

(1957) Victor A.Oswald, Jr.: The rationale of the idioglossary technique. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.63-69. [PDF, 79KB]

(1955) William E.Bull, Charles Africa, & Daniel Teichroew: Some problems of the “word”. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 86-103.

(1955) Kenneth E.Harper: A preliminary study of Russian. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 66-85.

(1955) Abraham Kaplan: An experimental study of ambiguity and context. Mechanical Translation 2 (2), November 1955; pp. 39-46 [PDF, 164KB] [Original: RAND Corporation, November 1950 [note]]

(1952) William E. Bull: Problems of vocabulary frequency and distribution. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 82KB]

(1952) Victor A. Oswald: Microsemantics. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 95KB]

(1952) Victor A. Oswald: Word-by-word translation  Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 73KB]

(1952) Bilingual machine electronic device will translate foreign-language data. [Possible use of SWAC.] New York Times, October 5, 1952. [PDF, 70KB]

(1951) Victor A. Oswald & Stuart L. Fletcher: 'Proposals for the mechanical resolution of German syntax patterns.' Modern Language Forum 36 (3/4), 1952; pp. 1-24. [PDF, 186KB]

(1950) William S.Barton: New robot brain unveiled at UCLA. [Includes possible use of SWAC to translate.] Los Angeles Times, August 18, 1950. [PDF, 462KB]

(1949) Talking Zephyr. [Includes possible use of SWAC to translate] Newsweek 33 (24), June 13, 1949. [PDF, 209KB]

(1949) Translating by machine. Editorial in New York Times, 1 June 1949. [PDF, 86KB]

(1949) Gladwin Hill: Electric brain able to translate built. [Possible use of SWAC.] New York Times, May 31, 1949. [PDF, 86KB]

Washington Public Opinion Laboratory, Seattle

(1952) Stuart C. Dodd: Model English for mechanical translation: an example of a national language regularized for electronic translators. For the Conference on Mechanical Translation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, June 18-20, 1952. [Corrected reprint in: Locke, William N. & Booth, A.Donald (eds.) Machine translation of languages: fourteen essays. (Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1955), pp.165-173.]

Washington State University

(1965) Arnold C. Satterthwait: Sentence-for-sentence translation: an example. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965; pp.14-38 [PDF, 603KB]

Washington, University of (Seattle)

(1967) Erwin Reifler: Chinese-English machine translation: its lexicographic and linguistic problems [with extensive bibliography]. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.317-428.

(1965) Swaminathan Madhu & Dean W.Lytle: A figure of merit technique for the resolution of non-grammatical ambiguity. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965; pp.9-13 [PDF, 167KB]

(1965) Lew R. Micklesen: Erwin Reifler, 1903-1965. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and October 1965; p.40 [PDF, 79KB]

(1961) Erwin Reifler: The machine translation project at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington: outline of the project.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.25-32. [PDF, 189KB]

(1961) Erwin Reifler: Machine translation. Bulletin Medical Library Association, vol.50, no.3, 1961; p.473-480. [PDF, 845KB]

(1960) Erwin Reifler: Current research at the University of Washington. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.155-159. [PDF, 59KB]

(1960) Erwin Reifler: The solution of MT linguistic problems through lexicography. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.312-316. [PDF, 63KB]

(1960) Robert E.Wall, Jr.: System design of a computer for Russian-English translation. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.491-510. [PDF, 129KB]

(1959) Lew R.Micklesen & Robert E.Wall: Logical programming research in the University of Washington machine translation project.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.853-866. [PDF, 140KB]

(1959) Erwin Reifler: MT linguistics and MT lexicography at the University of Washington: high frequency concepts, German substantive compounds and MT.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.841-852. [PDF, 135KB]

(1957) Erwin Reifler: The machine translation project at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.514-518.

(1957) Erwin Reifler: [contribution to] Discussion [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.523-526.

(1957) Erwin Reifler: Some new terminology, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 52-53 [PDF, 111KB]

(1956) Erwin Reifler: Machine translation development at the University of Washington, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 33, 41 [PDF, 94KB]

(1956) Robert E.Wall: Some of the engineering aspects of the machine translation of languages. Communication and Electronics 75 (1), November 1956; pp.580-585. [PDF, 193KB]

(1955) Stuart C.Dodd: Model English. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 165-173.

(1955) Erwin Reifler: Mechanical determination of the constituents of German substantive compounds Mechanical Translation 2 (1), July 1955; pp. 3-14 [PDF, 224KB] [Revised version of his Studies in Mechanical Translation, no.7, September 1952]

(1955) Erwin Reifler: The mechanical determination of meaning. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 136-164.

(1954) T.M.Stout: Computing machines for language translation, Mechanical Translation 1 (3), December 1954; pp. 41-45 [PDF, 256KB]

(1954) Erwin Reifler: The first conference on mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 1 (2), August 1954; pp. 23-32 [PDF, 144KB]

(1953) Erwin Reifler: Elimination and mechanical determination of forms with dual nationality (Studies in Mechanical Translation, no.9). 11pp. [PDF, 38KB]

(1952) Erwin Reifler: Report on research results in mechanical translation in connection with the Rockefeller grant for the summer quarter 1952. (Studies in Mechanical Translation, no.6). 7pp. [PDF, 67KB]

(1952) Erwin Reifler: General mechanical translation and universal grammar. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (Studies on Mechanical Translation, no.4) [PDF, 69KB]

(1952) Erwin Reifler: Mechanical translation with a pre-editor, and writing for MT Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (Studies on Mechanical Translation, no.3) [PDF, 110KB]

(1951) Erwin Reifler: Some problems of the mechanical translation of languages. Paper read before the Linguistic Society of the University of Washington on April 9, 1951. (Studies in Mechanical Translation, no.2); 18pp. [PDF, 62KB]

(1950) Erwin Reifler: MT (Studies in Mechanical Translation, no.1) 51pp. [January 10, 1950.] [PDF of original typescript, 1250KB]

Wayne State University

(1971) Harry H.Josselson: Automatic translation of languages since 1960: a linguist’s view. Advances in Computers 11, pp.1-58. [PDF, 400KB]

(1969) Harry H. Josselson: The lexicon: a system of matrices of lexical units and their properties. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 36; 25pp. [PDF, 689KB]

(1963) Robert S. Betz & Walter Hoffman: The use of a random access devices for dictionary lookup. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.33

(1963) Walter Hoffman, Amelia Janiotis, & Sidney Simon: Application of decision tables to syntactic analysis. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics, Denver, Colorado, August 25 and 26, 1963.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; p.37

(1961) Amelia Janiotis & Harry H. Josselson: Multiple meaning in machine translation. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.406-414. [PDF,  92KB] [discussion]

(1960) Harry H.Josselson: Research in machine translation [at Wayne State University]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.160-172. [PDF, 133KB]

(1960) Paul L.Garvin: From model to procedure. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.367-370. [PDF, 50KB]

(1960) Paul L.Garvin: Syntactic retrieval. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.286-292. [PDF, 66KB]

Weidner Communications Corporation

(1984) Stephen Kerce: Weidner Communications Corporation. In: Product Forum. Translation and Communication: Translating and the Computer 6. Proceedings of a conference … 20-21 November 1984, The Waldorf Hotel, London; pp.124, 128.

(1983) Henrietta B.Pons: WCC’s translation service bureau. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.165-169 [PDF, 23KB]

(1982) Merle D.Tenney & Robert A.Russell: Pooling and threading in translation term banks. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 287-290. [PDF, 126KB]

Wellesley College

(1961) Irina Lynch: Russian –СЯ verbs, impersonally used verbs and subject/object ambiguities. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.478-502. [PDF, 200KB] [discussion]

Western Reserve University

(1955) James W.Perry: A practical development problem. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; New York: John Wiley, 1955; pp. 174-182.

 (1955) James W. Perry: Translation of Russian technical literature by machine: notes on preliminary experiments, Mechanical Translation 2 (1), July 1955; pp. 15-24 [PDF, 232KB]

Western Union Telegraph Company

(1967) Steven I. Laszlo: The relevance of some compiler construction techniques to the description and translation of languages. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 10pp. [PDF, 424KB]

Wisconsin University

(1957) Martin Joos: Meaning in relation to MT. Report of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. “Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.13-18. [PDF, 131KB]

World Bank

(1982) John Alvey: Setting up a term bank using minicomputers. Term banks for tomorrow’s world: Translating and the Computer 4. Proceedings of a conference… 11-12 November 1982, London Press Centre, ed. Barbara Snell. (London: Aslib, 1983); pp.111-118. [PDF, 32KB]

World Translation Center Inc.

(1986) Jeanne Homer: Improving machine translation quality or eliminating the “invisible idiot”. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.118-127. [PDF, 37KB]

(1986) Peter Toma: Systran’s contribution to mankind. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.1-6. [PDF, 32KB]

(1977) P.P.Toma: SYSTRAN as a multilingual machine translation system. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.569-581. [PDF, 119KB]

Xerox Corporation

(1989) Mark Eaton, Maria Russo, Dale Bostad, & Alan Melby: [Contributions to Panel on user needs. In:] Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine translation, National Academy of Sciences, December 7, 1989.

(1986) J.Richard Ruffino & Peter F.Demauro: The impact of controlled English on machine translation. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.73-77. [PDF, 20KB]

(1981) J.Richard Ruffino: Coping with machine translation.  Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a conference, London, 5-6 November 1981. Ed.Veronica Lawson (Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982); pp, 57-60. [PDF, 17KB]

Xerox PARC

(1989) Ronald M.Kaplan, Klaus Netter, Jürgen Wedekind, & Annie Zaenen: Translation by structural correspondences. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 272-281. [PDF, 845KB]

(1989) M. Kay: Machines and people in translation. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 26-27. [PDF, 86KB] 

(1989) M. Kay: Concluding remarks 2 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 192-196 [PDF, 105KB]

(1986) Martin Kay: Machine translation will not work. [Contribution to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 10-13 June 1986, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; p.268. [PDF, 57KB]

(1984) Martin Kay: Functional unification grammar: a formalism for machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984, Stanford University, California. Proceedings; pp.75-78. [PDF, 402KB]

(1982) Martin Kay (chairman): [report of panel on] Machine translation. American Journal of Computational Linguistics 8 (2), pp. 74-78 [PDF, 501KB]

(1980) Martin Kay: The proper place of men and machines in language translation. Palo Alto, CA: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, October 1980; 21pp. [Reprinted in: Machine Translation 12 (1-2), 1997, pp. 3-23; and in: Nirenburg, S. et al. (eds.) Readings in machine translation (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003), pp. 221-232.] [PDF, 332KB]

(1976) Martin Kay: Foundations of machine translation: operations [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.10 [PDF, 39KB]

(1975) Martin Kay: Syntactic processing and functional sentence perspective. Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing: an interdisciplinary workshop… 10-13 June 1975, Cambridge, Massachusetts; pp.12-15. [PDF, 856KB]

Xonics Inc.

(1976) Bedrich Chaloupka: Excerpt from ... presentation on Xonics MT system. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; pp.37-39 [PDF, 150KB]

Yale University

(1981) Jaime G.Carbonell, Richard E.Cullingford, & Anatole V.Gershman: Steps toward knowledge-based machine translation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence; PAMI-3 (4), pp.376-392. [note]

(1976) Roger C. Schank: Programs to understand stories [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976, Rosslyn, Virginia. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 46; p.65 [PDF, 3691KB]

(1964) Sydney Lamb: [Paper on stratificational grammar research at Yale University, with handouts]. In: Meeting on Chinese MT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 17, 1964. Presentations and handouts; pp.130-148.

Zator Company

(1959) R.J.Solomonoff: A progress report on machines to learn to translate languages and retrieve information.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.941-953. [PDF, 714KB]

 

USSR

Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk

(1969) A.V.Gladky & I.A.Mel’čuk: Tree grammars (Δ-grammars). Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969, Sångy-Säby, Sweden; Preprint no. 1; 10pp. [PDF, 285KB]

All-Union Center for Translation of Scientific and Technical Literature and Documentation

(1988) Ivan I.Oubine & Boris D.Tikhomirov: The state of the art in machine translation in the U.S.S.R. In: D.Maxwell, K.Schubert, & T.Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings, Budapest 18-19 August, 1988 (Dordrecht: Foris, 1988); pp.75-84. [note]

(1984) A.N.Kiselev: The utilisation of the structural type-based routines as a homograph resolution method in the AMPAR system. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 31-35. [PDF, 57KB]

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the U.S.S.R. Computers and the Humanities 18 (1), 39-46. [PDF, 121KB]

(1984) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the USSR. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 3-8. [PDF, 122KB]

(1984) B.D.Tikhomirov: Some specific features of software and technology in the AMPAR and NERPA systems of machine translation. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 9-11. [PDF, 91KB]

(1982) N.N.Leont’eva: Automatic translation through understanding and summarizing. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982] Abstracts, edited by Eva Hajičová. Charles University, Prague, 1982; pp. 178-181. [PDF, 130KB]

(1982) Ivan I.Oubine & Boris D. Tikhomirov: Machine translation systems and computer dictionaries in the information service: ways of their development and operation. Coling 82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Prague, July 5-10, 1982; edited by Ján Horecký. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982 (North-Holland Linguistics Series 47); pp. 289-294. [PDF, 408KB]

(1977) Yu.N.Marchuk: Machine translation in the All-Union Translation Centre. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.623-624 . [PDF, 105KB]

(1977) Yu.S.Martem’janov: Eliminating formal constraints of language. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.625-627. [PDF, 90KB]

(1977) V.A.Moscovoj: On the elimination of formal word order in the German sentence.  Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.628-630. [PDF, 89KB]

Experimental Laboratory of Machine Translation, Leningrad University

(1973) Nicholas D. Andreyev: Algorithmisation of linguistic research using the structural-probabilistic properties of language units. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari. vol.1 (Firenze: Olschki, 1977) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); pp.155-160. [PDF, 219KB]

(1973) R.G.Piotrowski & I.V.Palibina: Automatic pattern recognition applied to semantic problems. Computational and mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Pisa, 27/VIII – 1/IX 1973, editors: A.Zampolli, N.Calzolari. vol.2 (Firenze: Olschki, 1980) (Biblioteca dell’Archivum Romanicum, serie II: Linguistica, 36); pp.103-106. [PDF, 194KB]

(1967) N.D.Andreev: The intermediary language as the focal point of machine translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.1-27.

(1962) N.D.Andreyev: Linguistic aspects of translation [with discussion]. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, Cambridge, Mass., August 27-31, 1962 (The Hague: Mouton, 1964); pp.625-637. [PDF, 166KB]

(1959) N.D.Andreyev: Basic directions of work at the Experimental Laboratory of Machine Translation. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.687-691. [PDF, 37KB]

(1959) N.D.Andreyev: The universal code of science and machine languages .  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.1061-1073. [PDF, 128KB]

First Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Langauges

(1958) V.Yu.Rozentsveig: The work on machine translation in the Soviet Union, Fourth International Congress of Slavicists reports, Sept. 1958, Mechanical Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 95-100 [PDF, 119KB]

Institute of Linguistics, USSR Academy of Sciences

(1976) O.S.Kulagina: History and present state of machine translation. Cybernetics, Nov-Dec 1976, pp.937-944. [Translated from Kibernetika, Nov-Dec 1976, 124-131.] [PDF, 68КB]

(1967) O.S.Kulagina & I.A.Mel’čuk: Automatic translation: some theoretical aspects and the design of a translation system. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.137-171.

(1963) I.A.Mel’chuk: Machine translation and linguistics. Chapter IV in: O.S.Akhmanova, I.A.Mel’chuk, R.M.Frumkina, E.V.Paducheva, Exact methods in linguistic research. Translated from the Russian by David G.Hays and Dolores V.Mohr (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963); pp.44-79 [PDF, 204KB]

(1963) I.A.Mel’chuk: Several types of linguistic meanings. Chapter III in: O.S.Akhmanova, I.A.Mel’chuk, R.M.Frumkina, E.V.Paducheva, Exact methods in linguistic research. Translated from the Russian by David G.Hays and Dolores V.Mohr (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963); pp.36-43, 74-79 [PDF, 166KB]

(1960) I.A.Mel’chuk: Machine translation from Hungarian to Russian. Problems of Cybernetics 1960, vol.1; pp.251-293. [Original Russian: Problemy Kibernetiki 1, 1958, pp.222-264.] [PDF, 1002KB]

(1959) I.A.Melchuk: Machine translation in the Soviet Union. Computers and Automation 8 (8), August 1959, 23-25. [PDF, 30KB]

Institute of Oriental Studies, USSR Academy of Sciences

(1980) Zoya M.Shalyapina: Automatic translation as a model of the human translation activity. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1980, vol. 5 (2); 18-23. [PDF, 111KB]

(1980) Z.M.Shalyapina: Problems of formal representation of text structure from the point of view of automatic translation. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980, Tokyo; pp. 174-182. [PDF, 1076KB]

Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Technology (ITMVT), USSR Academy of Sciences

(1960) D.Yu.Panov : Automatic translation. Translated from the Russian by R.Kisch, edited by A.J.Mitchell. New York, London, Oxford, Paris: Pergamon Press, 1960. iii, 73pp. [PDF, 665KB]

(1959) I.K.Belskaya: Machine translation methods and their application to an Anglo-Russian scheme. Information  processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp.199-217. [PDF, 404KB]

(1959) V.V.Ivanov: Linguistic problems in the design of a machine language for the information machine.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.1075-1090. [PDF, 147KB]

(1959) O.S.Kulagina, A.I.Martynova, & T.M.Nikolayeva: Mechanical translation at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.867-879. [PDF, 73KB]

(1959) D.Panov: Introductory speech [to session on ‘Automatic translation of languages’]. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Unesco, 1960); pp.159-160. [PDF, 27KB]

(1958) T.M.Nikolaeva: Soviet developments in machine translation: Russian sentence analysis, Mechanical Translation 5 (2), November 1958; pp. 51-59 [PDF, 172KB]

 (1957) I.K.Belskaja: Machine translation of languages. Research vol.10, part 10, October 1957; pp.383-389. [PDF, 193KB]

(1957) V.Ivanov: Report on the MT work in the USSR. [Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists, Oslo, August 5-9, 1957 (Oslo: Oslo University Press, 1958); pp.533-535.

(1956) I.S.Mukhin: An experiment on the machine translation of languages carried out on the BESM. Session on the computer in a non-arithmetic role, at the Convention on Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part B: Supplement no.3 (1956); pp.463-472. [PDF, 176KB]

(1956) D.Panov: Concerning the problem of machine translation of languages. [Moscow]: The Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R.; 35pp. [PDF, 450KB]

(1956) D. Panov: On the problem of mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; p. 42-43 [PDF, 98KB]

Minsk State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages

(1984) A.V.Zubov: Machine translation viewed as generation of text with a pre-defined contents. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 1984, vol. 9 (2); 36-38. [PDF, 44KB]

Steklov Mathematical Institute

(1967) O.S.Kulagina & I.A.Mel’čuk: Automatic translation: some theoretical aspects and the design of a translation system. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.137-171.

(1965) O.S.Kulagina: Algorithms of mechanical translation. Information Processing 1965: proceedings of IFIP Congress 65, New York City, May 24-29, 1965 (Washington, D.C., Spartan Books, 1965); pp.59-64. [PDF, 159KB]

(1962) Olga S. Koulagina: The use of computers in research on machine translation. Information Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62, Munich 27 August – 1 September 1962 (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1963); pp.301-305. [PDF, 55KB]

(1961) Olga S. Kulagina: Report on “Construction of a textual analysis algorithm with the aid of a computing machine”. [with] Discussion [by D.W.Davies]. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.613-614. [PDF, 63KB]

(1959) O.S.Koulagina: Work done by the USSR Academy of Sciences in the field of machine translation. Symposium on machine translation, Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); pp.219-220. [PDF]

(1959) O.S.Koulagina: [contribution to] Discussion [of] I.K.Belskaya: Machine translation methods and their application to an Anglo-Russian scheme. Information processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco, Paris, 15-20 June 1959 (Paris: Uniesco, 1960); p.217. [PDF]

(1959) O.S.Kulagina, A.I.Martynova, & T.M.Nikolayeva: Mechanical translation at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.  In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.867-879. [PDF, 73KB]