Machine Translation Archive
Subject Index
to methods,
techniques, issues and topics
in publications
before 1990
[For later
publications see:
publications 1990-1999, publications
2000-2004, publications 2005-2009, and publications since 2010
[to return to home page
click here]
Adjectives
(1963) Irene
Bellert: Necessity of introducing some information provided by transformational
analysis into MT algorithms. In: Abstracts of
papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation
and Computational Linguistics,
Adverbs
(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1982) Lieven Jaspaert: Deep cases for adverbial and prepositional
phrases. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational
Linguistics,
(1967) Klaus Günther Schweisthal: Semantically governed machine translation of
BE-clauses with adverbs and prepositional phrases. Demonstration of a
ring-model for German/English, English/German including analysis-synthesis,
transformation, transition, and generation.
Coling 1967: Conference
Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France,
August 1967; 11 pp. [PDF, 412KB]
Ambiguity preservation (see also Disambiguation)
(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine
translation. Coling84: 10th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
Analysis see
Semantic analysis; Syntactic analyis
Anaphora resolution
(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke
Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine
translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the
Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the
conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and
Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]
Applications of MT see index of applications
Articles
(1966) Jocelyn Brewer: English article insertion. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3
and 4, September and December 1966; pp.83-96 [PDF, 263KB]
(1964) G.R.Martins: Preliminary
report on the insertion of English articles in Russian-English MT output. Mechanical
Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964; pp.2-4 [PDF, 121KB]
(1963) H.P.
Edmundson: The behavior of English articles. In: Abstracts
of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine
Translation and Computational Linguistics,
(1961) J. Barton: The
application of the article in English. 1961
International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied
Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September;
pp.112-118. [PDF, 49KB] [discussion]
(1955)
James W.Perry: A practical development problem. In: William N.Locke &
A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays.
The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
Artificial
Intelligence and MT (see
also Knowledge representation, Neural networks)
(1989) Henry Thompson: Speech recognition, artificial intelligence and
translation: how rosy a future? Translating
and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken.
Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The
Sedgwick Centre,
(1987) Kazuhiro Fuchi: The FGCS project and machine translation systems. MT
(1986) Martin Emele, Walter Kehl, & Dietmar Rösner:
Generating natural language from semantic
representations – an AI approach to a Japanese/German machine translation
project.. International Conference on the State of the Art in Machine
Translation in
(1986) B.C.Papegaaij: Word expert semantics: an interlingual
knowledge-based approach; ed. V.Sadler and A.P.M.Witkam.
(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, & Victor
Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in expository
text. Coling ’86: 11th International
Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1985) R. Gerber &
(1984) Christian Boitet & René Gerber: Expert systems and other new techniques in MT
systems. Coling84: 10th International
Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the
Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1978) Yorick Wilks: Machine
translation and artificial intelligence. Translating and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar,
(1977)
Yorick Wilks: Frames for machine
translation. New Scientist, vol.76,
22/29 December 1977; pp.802-803. [PDF, 865KB]
(1977)
Yorick Wilks: Time flies like an arrow.
New Scientist, vol.76, 15 December
1977; pp.696-698. [PDF, 95KB]
(1976) Roger C. Schank: Programs to understand stories
[abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine
Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational
Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]
(1975)
Yorick Wilks: An intelligent analyzer and understander of English. Communications of the ACM 18 (5), May 1975;
pp.264-274 [note]
(1973) Yorick Wilks & Annette Herskovits: An intelligent analyser and generator for natural
language. Computational and
mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on
Computational Linguistics,
(1973) Yorick Wilks: The Stanford machine
translation project. In: R.Rustin (ed.) Natural
language processing (
Artificial
languages
(1962) K.G.Sellin: Machine translation
and/or an international language. Information
Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62,
Aspect
(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in
MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.2, pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]
(1988) Frank van Eynde: The analysis of tense and aspect in Eurotra.
Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.2, pp.699-704. [PDF, 517KB]
ATN
parser
(1988) Hiroyasu Nogami, Yumiko Yoshimura, &
Shia-ya Amano: Parsing with look-ahead in
real-time on-line translation system. Coling
Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.488-493. [PDF, 480KB]
(1988) Lee Ann Schwartz: Coordination:
some problems and solutions for the analysis of English with an ATN. Second International Conference on
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural
Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine
Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp.. [PDF, 117KB]
(1986) E.Luctkens & Ph.Ferment: A prototype machine translation based on
extracts from data processing manuals. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, & Hirosato
Nomura: A case analysis method cooperating
with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
& 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, &
Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for
Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
& 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
2-6 July 1984,
(1983) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation
environment. First conference of the
European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of
the conference, 1-2 September 1983,
(1980) Werner Dilger: Automatic
translation with attribute grammars. Coling
80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980,
Bibliography
(see also file of bibliographical resources)
(1985) Jonathan Slocum: A machine(-aided) translation bibliography,
generally restricted to currently accessible documents written in English,
French, or German during the years 1973-1984. Computational Linguistics 11
(2-3), pp. 170-183 [PDF, 1629KB] [Expanded to cover 1973-1986 in: Jonathan
Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988); 265-341.]
(1974) Bibliography:
machine translation. American Journal
of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 14; pp. 56-59. [PDF, 193KB]
(1971)
Harry H.Josselson: Automatic translation of
languages since 1960: a linguist’s view. Advances in Computers 11, pp.1-58. [PDF, 400KB]
(1967) Erwin Reifler: Chinese-English machine
translation: its lexicographic and linguistic problems [with extensive
bibliography]. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine
translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967);
pp.317-428.
(1960) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: The present
status of automatic translation of languages. Advances in Computers 1, 91-163. [PDF, 353KB]
(1958) Anthony G.Oettinger: A survey
of Soviet work on automatic translation, Mechanical Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 101-110 [PDF,
167KB]
(1955)
Bibliography. In: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine
translation of languages, fourteen essays. The Technology Press of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955-1958) see Bibliography sections in each issue of Mechanical Translation
Bilingual corpora [see also Example-based methods, Test corpora]
(1989) Victor Sadler: Working with analogical semantics:
disambiguation techniques in DLT.
(1987) Poul Søren Kjærsgaard: REFTEX – a context-based translation aid. Third conference of the European Chapter of the
Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the
conference, 1-3 April 1987,
(1986) B.C.Papegaaij, V.Sadler, & A.P.M.Witkam: Experiments with an MT-directed lexical
knowledge bank. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1963) Wayne
Tosh: Collecting linguistic data for the grammar of a language. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the
Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics,
Book reviews
(1989) Chrysanne DiMarco: [review of]
Test coherence in translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert (Foris
Publications, 1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), p. 207 [PDF,
111KB]
(1989) John Hutchins: [review of]
Machine translation today: the state of the art [ed. by] Margaret King
(Edinburgh University Press, 1987). Computational Linguistics 15 (2), pp.
117-120 [PDF, 509KB]
(1989) Rita McCardell: [review of]
Machine translation: linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general
methodology of evaluation [by] John Lehrberger and Laurent Bourbeau (John
Benjamins Publishing Co., 1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
194-195 [PDF, 253KB]
(1989) Esméralda Manandise: [review of]
New directions in machine translation [ed. by] Dan Maxwell et al. (Foris
Publications, 1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (4), pp.
265-267 [PDF, 347KB]
(1989) Jonathan Slocum: [review of] Word
expert semantics [ed. by] Bart C.Papegaaij et al. (Foris Publications,
1986). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
207-210 [PDF, 111KB]
(1989) John S. White: [review of] Machine
translation systems [ed. by] Jonathan Slocum (Cambridge University Press,
1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
200-204 [PDF, 616KB]
(1988) Richard Kittredge: [review of]
Machine translation: past, present, future [by] William John Hutchins
(Ellis Horwood, 1986). Computational Linguistics 14 (3), pp.
118-120 [PDF, 307KB]
(1988) Harold Somers: [review of] Machine
translation: theoretical and methodological issues [ed. by] Sergei
Nirenburg (Cambridge University Press, 1987). Computational Linguistics 14
(1), pp. 56-61 [PDF, 730KB]
(1976) Raymond D.Gumb: [review
of] Essays on lexical semantics, vol.1 [ed.] V.Ju.Rozencvejg. American Journal of Computational
Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The
Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.68-76. [PDF, 105KB]
Books
on MT
(1967) A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine
translation.
Case
grammar
(1988) Chen Zhaoxiang & Gao Qingshi: English-Chinese machine translation system IMT/EC.
Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.1, pp.117-122. [PDF, 573KB]
(1988) Rudi Gebruers: Valency
and MT: recent developments in the METAL system. Second conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of]
Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference,
9-12 February 1988, Austin-Marriott at the Capitol,
(1986) Masahiro Abe, Yoshimitsu Ooshima, Katsuhiko
Yuura, & Nobuyuki Takeichi: A kana-kanji
translation system for non-segmented input sentences based on syntactic and
semantic analysis. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, &
Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic
as an agglutinative language - On the Korean to Japanese translation. International
Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in
(1986) Hirosato Nomura, Shozo Naito, Yasuhiro
Katagiri, & Akira Shimazu: Translation by
understanding: a machine translation system LUTE. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Taeko Ariga, & Atsushi
Washio: Unified operation control system for Mu
machine translation. International Conference on the State of the Art in
Machine Translation in
(1986) Paul Schmidt: Valency
theory in a stratificational MT-system. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Harald L.Somers: The need for MT-oriented versions of case and
valency in MT.
(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine
translation in the SDCG formalism. Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical
and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages,
Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp.
135-144. [PDF, 336KB]
(1985) Kazunori Muraki, Shunji
Ichiyama, & Yasutomo Fukumochi: Augmented
dependency grammar: a simple interface between the grammar rule and the knowledge. Second conference
of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of
the conference, 27-29 March 1985,
(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, & Hirosato
Nomura: A case analysis method cooperating
with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
& 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh, &
Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features for
Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
& 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Jun-ichi Nakamura, &
Makoto Nagao: Analysis grammar of Japanese
in the Mu-project – a procedural approach to analysis grammar. Coling84: 10th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1982) Lieven Jaspaert: Deep cases for adverbial and prepositional
phrases. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on
Computational Linguistics,
(1982) Fujio Nishida & Shinobu Takamatsu: Japanese-English translation through internal
expressions. Coling 82: proceedings
of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
(1982) Jun-ichi Tsujii: The transfer phase in an English-Japanese
translation system. Coling 82:
proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
(1980) Fujio Nishida, Shinobu Takamatsu, & Hiroaki
Kuroki: English-Japanese translation
through case-structure conversion. Coling
80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980,
(1980) Hiroshi Uchida & Kenji Sugiyama: A machine translation system from Japanese into
English based on conceptual structure. Coling
80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980,
(1976) Makoto Nagao & Jun-Ichi Tsujii: Analysis of Japanese sentences by using semantic and
contextual information. American
Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 41; 75pp. [PDF, 3775KB]
Categorial
grammar
(1988) John L. Beaven & Pete Whitelock: Machine translation using isomorphic UCGs. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988,
John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1,
pp.32-35. [PDF, 386KB]
(1961) R.P.Mitchell: A
note on categorical grammars. 1961 International
Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis:
proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 212-219. [PDF,
126KB] [discussion]
(1961) Itiroo
(1961) W. Smoke & E. Dubinsky: A program for the machine translation of natural
languages. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.2-10. [PDF,
233KB]
(1952) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Operational
grammar Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 107KB]
Chart
parsing
(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a tool for
linguistic engineering. Coling ’86:
11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to
29th, 1986,
(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt: A CAP parser generator for German. International
Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in
(1982) H.L.Somers
& R.L.Johnson: Bede: a
microprocessor-based machine translation system. Coling 82 [Ninth
International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
(1973) Martin Kay: Morphological analysis.
Computational and mathematical linguistics:
proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
Closely
related languages
(1988) Alevtina Bémová, Karel Oliva, & Jarmila
Panevová: Some problems of machine translation
between closely related languages. Coling
Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.46-48. [PDF, 352KB]
(1987) Jan Hajič: RUSLAN – an MT system between closely related
languages. Third conference of the
European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of
the conference, 1-3 April 1987,
(1986) Tae Wan Kim, Jin Tae Lee, Chang Ho Park, &
Ki Sik Lee: Machine translation of the Ural-Altaic
as an agglutinative language - On the Korean to Japanese translation. International
Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in
Cognates
(1982) Zdeněk Kirschner: On a device in dictionary operations in
machine translation. Coling 82:
proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
Collocations
see Multiword expressions
Commercial aspects see index of applications
Compositionality
(1989) Gertjan van Noord, Joke
Dorrepaal, Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louisa Sadler, & Louis des Tombe: An approach to sentence-level anaphora in machine
translation. Fourth conference of the European Chapter of the
Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the
conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and
Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 780KB]
(1988) Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louis des Tombe, & Louisa
Sadler: ‘Relaxed’ compositionality in machine
translation. Second International
Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of
Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for
Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 21pp. [PDF, 105KB]
(1987) Lisette Appelo, Carel
Fellinger, & Jan Landsbergen: Subgrammars,
rule classes and control in the Rosetta translation system. Third conference
of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of
the conference, 1-3 April 1987,
(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des Tombe,
& G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework
in Eurotra: a theoretically committed notation for MT.
(1986) Lisette Appelo: A
compositional approach to the translation of temporal expressions in the
Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
Compound
nouns see Nouns and noun phrases
Concordances
(1987) Poul Søren Kjærsgaard: REFTEX – a context-based translation aid. Third conference of the European Chapter of the
Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the
conference, 1-3 April 1987,
Conference reports [for conference proceedings see list of conferences]
(1989) Lynette
Hirshman: Overview of the DARPA Speech and
Natural Language workshop. Speech and Natural Language: proceedings
of a workshop held at
(1988) Petr Sgall: On some results of the conference. In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert
& Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation.
Conference proceedings,
(1981) Veronica Lawson: Introduction. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a
conference,
(1977) Jacques Goetschalckx: Automatic translation. Report of
sessions 5 and 6 [at] Overcoming the
language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks,
Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European
Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.142-146. [PDF,
84KB]
(1977) J.C.Sager: Conclusions
and recommendations [at] Overcoming
the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and
Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the
European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2, pp.147-159.
[PDF, 131KB]
(1976) I.I.Oubine: Machine
translation: Moscow international seminar. American Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September
1976); pp.50-67. [PDF, 819KB]
(1976) S.R.Petrick: Summary
of FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1972) André R. Gouin: Machine translation in Canada. [Report of conference,
(1958) V.Yu.Rozentsveig: The work on machine translation in the Soviet Union, Fourth
International Congress of Slavicists reports, Sept. 1958, Mechanical Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 95-100 [PDF,
119KB]
(1954)
Erwin Reifler: The first conference on
mechanical translation, Mechanical
Translation 1 (2), August 1954; pp. 23-32 [PDF, 144KB]
(1954) A.C. Reynolds: The conference on mechanical translation held at M.I.T.,
June 17-20, 1952. Mechanical Translation
1(3), December 1954; pp. 47-55 [PDF, 97KB]
Conjunctions (see also Coordination)
(1984) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine
translation environment. Coling84:
10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1983) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine translation
environment. First conference of the
European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of
the conference, 1-2 September 1983,
Connectionism see Neural
networks
Context-free
grammars
(1962)
Maurice Gross: On the equivalence of models of
language used in the fields of mechanical translation and information retrieval.
In: Automatic Translation of Languages:
papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
Controlled
languages see index of applications
Conversation
see Dialogue
Coordination
(1988) Lee Ann Schwartz: Coordination:
some problems and solutions for the analysis of English with an ATN. Second International Conference on
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural
Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine
Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp.. [PDF, 117KB]
Corpora
see Bilingual corpora
Corpus-based MT see Example-based
methods,
Correlational
grammar
(1969) Ernst von Glasersfeld: Semantics and the syntactic classification
of words. Coling 1969: International
Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1969) Pier Paolo Pisani: Organization and programming of the multistore
parser. Coling 1969: International
Conference on Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1968)
Sergei Perschke: Machine translation—the
second phase of development. Endeavour,
vol.27; pp.97-100. [PDF, 76KB]
(1967) Silvio Ceccato: Correlational analysis and
mechanical translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine
translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967);
pp.77-135.
(1962)
Silvio Ceccato: Automatic translation of
languages. In: Automatic Translation
of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1961) Silvio Ceccato & Bruna Zonta: Human translation and translation by machine, 1.
1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th,
6th, 7th and 8th September; pp. 222-246. [PDF, 76KB] [discussion]
(1961) E.von Glasersfeld, Sergei Perschke, & Elsa
Samet: Human translation and translation by
machine II. 1961 International
Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis:
proceedings of the conference held at the National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.508-528. [PDF,
106KB] [discussion]
(1959)
Enrico Albani, Silvio Ceccato, & Enrico Maretti: Classifications, rules, and code of an operational
grammar for machine translation. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine Searching
and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London:
Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.693-753. [PDF, 402KB]
(1956)
M.V.Heberden: Teaching the machine grammar.
(1955)
Silvio Ceccato & Enrico Maretti: Suggestions
for mechanical translation. In: Information
theory: papers read at a symposium on ‘Information theory’ held at the
Royal Institution, London, September 12th to 16th, 1955; edited by Colin
Cherry, London: Butterworths Scientific Publications, 1956; pp.171-180. [PDF,
62KB]
Cross-language
information retrieval see
index of applications
Cyrillic
coding and transliteration
(1963) John Lyons: Coding
the Russian alphabet for the purposes of mechanical translation. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963;
pp.43-46 [PDF, 149KB]
(1958) Anthony G.Oettinger: An input
device for the Harvard automatic dictionary, Mechanical Translation 5 (1), July 1958; pp. 2-7 [PDF, 582KB]
(1957) B. Zacharov: A refinement in
coding the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, Mechanical
Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 76-78 [PDF, 122KB]
Definite
Clause Grammar
(1988) Marc Dymetman & Pierre Isabelle: Reversible logic grammars for machine translation.
Second International Conference on
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural
Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine
Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 201KB]
(1986) Xiuming Huang & Louise Guthrie: Parsing in parallel. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine
translation in the SDCG formalism. Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical
and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages,
Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp.
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Disambiguation (see also Word sense disambiguation)
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(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive
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(1956) A. Koutsoudas & R. Korfhage: Mechanical translation and the problem of
multiple meaning. Mechanical Translation
3 (2), November 1956; pp. 46-51 [PDF, 225KB]
(1956)
G.M.E.Williams: [contribution to] Discussion
on ‘the computer in a non-arithmetic role’ at the Convention on
Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part
B: Supplement no.3 (1956); p.474. [PDF, 19KB]
(1956)
Victor H.Yngve: Terminology in the light of
research on mechanical translation.
(1955)
Leon E.Dostert: The Georgetown-I.B.M. experiment. In: William N.Locke &
A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays.
The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955)
Erwin Reifler: The mechanical determination of meaning. In: William N.Locke
& A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays.
The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955)
Victor H.Yngve: Syntax and the problem of multiple meaning. In: William N.Locke
& A.Donald Booth (eds.): Machine translation of languages, fourteen essays.
The Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
(1955) Abraham Kaplan: An experimental study
of ambiguity and context, [Originally November 1950]. Mechanical Translation 2 (2), November 1955; pp. 39-46 [PDF, 164KB]
Discontiguous
relations
(1988) Ch.Boitet & Y.Zaharin: Representation trees and string-tree
correspondences. Coling Budapest:
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Discourse
representation
(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual
information. In:
Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation
summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25 [PDF, 82KB] [Rewritten version of paper
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(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Cohesion and coherence in the presentation of
machine translation products.
(1989) Hiroaki Kitano, Hideto
Tomabechi, & Lori Levin: Ambiguity
resolution in the DmTrans Plus.
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(1988) Christa Hauenschild: Discourse structure - some implications for machine translation. In: Dan
Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine
translation. Conference proceedings,
(1988) Bart Papegaaij
& Klaus Schubert: Text coherence in translation.
(1988) Erich H.Steiner & Jutta Winter-Thielen: On the semantics of focus phenomena in Eurotra.
Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
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1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
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(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii: What is a cross-linguistically valid interpretation of
discourse? In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert
& Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation.
Conference proceedings,
(1987) James Pustejovsky: An integrated theory of
discourse analysis. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine
translation: theoretical and methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge
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(1986) Annely Rothkegel: Pragmatics in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, & Victor
Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in expository
text. Coling ’86: 11th International
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(1985) David D. McDonald: Recovering the speaker’s decisions during
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(1985) James Pustejovsky: The level hypothesis in discourse analysis. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
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August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 245-267. [PDF, 213KB]
(1985) Yorick Wilks: Relevance,
points of view and dialogue modelling.
Proceedings of the Conference on
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Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985
[TMI-1985]; pp. 370-387. [PDF, 198KB]
(1982) Christa Hauenschild: A pragmatic concept of theme and rheme for
machine translation. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on
Computational Linguistics,
(1982) N.N.Leont’eva: Automatic translation through understanding and
summarizing. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on Computational
Linguistics,
(1980) Z.M.Shalyapina: Problems of formal representation of text structure
from the point of view of automatic translation. Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980,
(1976) Roger C. Schank: Programs to understand stories
[abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine
Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational
Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]
(1975) Martin Kay: Syntactic processing and functional sentence
perspective. Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing: an
interdisciplinary workshop… 10-13 June 1975,
(1961) Margaret Masterman: Semantic message detection for machine translation,
using an interlingua. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th,
6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.438-474. [PDF, 109KB] [discussion]
Dissertations see Theses and
dissertations
Distributional
analysis
(1962)
David G.Hays: An introduction to computational
procedures in linguistic research. In: Automatic
Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1961) Paul L. Garvin: Automatic
linguistic analysis – a heuristic problem. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and
Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the
National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
September; pp.656-669. [PDF, 44KB] [discussion]
(1961) K.E.Harper: Procedures
for the determination of distributional classes. 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and
Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the
National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th
September; pp.688-698. [PDF, 35KB] [discussion]
(1960) David G.Hays: Linguistic
research at the RAND Corporation. Proceedings of the National Symposium
on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles,
February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
1961); pp.13-25. [PDF, 203KB]
(1957) Richard B.Thomas: The
use of SEAC in syntactic analysis. Report
of the Eighth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies.
“Research in machine translation”, ed.by Léon Dostert. (Washington, D.C.:
Georgetown University Press, 1957); pp.151-161. [PDF, 169KB]
(1954) Anthony G. Oettinger: The
distribution of word length in technical Russian, Mechanical Translation 1 (3), December 1954; pp. 38-40 [PDF, 111KB]
(1952) William E. Bull: Problems of
vocabulary frequency and distribution. Presented at the Conference on
Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF,
82KB]
Domain
identification
(1985) Donald E. Walker: Knowledge
resource tools for accessing large text files. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 335-347. [PDF, 258KB]
Domain
restriction and specification
(1988) Zdeněk Kirschner: Traditional means in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.1, pp.328-331. [PDF, 333KB]
(1987) Magnar Brekke & Roald Skarsten: Machine translation: a threat or a promise? Translating and the Computer 9: potential
and practice, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 12-13
November 1987, CBI Conference Centre, Centre Point,
(1987) F. Knowles, G. Jelinek & M. McGee
Wood: The Alvey Japanese and English machine
translation project. MT
(1987) Rika Yoshii: JETR: a robust machine translation system. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987,
(1986)
Jacqueline Guazzo-Jansen: Dictionary
coordination. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986; Commisssion
des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie
et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.152-172. [PDF, 74KB]
(1986) E.Luctkens & Ph.Ferment: A prototype machine translation based on
extracts from data processing manuals. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986)
Juan Sager: Summary of the open discussion
on sessions 3, 4 and 5. (World Systran Conference, 11-14 February 1986;
Commisssion des Communautés Européennes, Luxembourg). Terminologie et Traduction, 1, 1986; pp.173-174. [PDF, 11KB]
(1986) Masaru Tomita & Jaime G.Carbonell: Another stride towards knowledge-based machine
translation. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1986) Tajiro Tsutsumi: A prototype English-Japanese machine
translation system for translating IBM computer manuals. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1985) Pierre Isabelle & Laurent Bourbeau: TAUM-AVIATION: its technical features and some
experimental results. Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp.
18-27 [PDF, 976KB] [Reprinted
in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation
systems.
(1978)
Shiu-Chang Loh, Hing-Sum Hung, & Luan Kong: A dual
language translator. Advances in
computer-aided literary and linguistic research: Proceedings of the Fifth
International Symposium on Computers in Literary and Linguistic Research,
(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh & Luan Kong: An interactive on-line machine translation system
(Chinese into English). Translating
and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar,
(1977) S.C.Loh & L.Kong: Computer
translation of Chinese scientific journals.
Overcoming the language barrier:
third European Congress on Information Systems and Networks, Luxembourg,
3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the European Communities (München:
Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.631-645 . [PDF, 155KB]
(1976) Shiu-Chang Loh: CULT,
Chinese University Language Translator [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on
Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1965) Swaminathan Madhu & Dean W.Lytle: A figure of merit technique for the resolution of
non-grammatical ambiguity. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965;
pp.9-13 [PDF, 167KB]
(1960)
Lew R.Micklesen: An experiment in the
automatic selection or rejection of technical terms. Proceedings of the
National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.398-408. [PDF, 135KB]
(1960)
Victor Oswald: Introduction [to Session 8:
Semantic resolution.] Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine
Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February
2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
pp.384-385. [PDF, 40KB]
(1956)
Victor H.Yngve: Terminology in the light of
research on mechanical translation.
(1952) Victor A. Oswald: Microsemantics.
Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. [PDF, 95KB]
Economics of MT see index of applications
Emphasis
and stress
(1981) Margaret Masterman: The limits of innovation in machine translation.
Practical experience of machine
translation. Proceedings of a conference,
Evaluation
measures and metrics [see
also Test corpora]
(1989) Veronica Lawson: Practice
makes less imperfect: users’ needs and their influence on machine translation
development.
(1989) Rita McCardell: [review of]
Machine translation: linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology
of evaluation [by] John Lehrberger and Laurent Bourbeau (John Benjamins
Publishing Co., 1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
194-195 [PDF, 253KB]
(1989) National Research Council: Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine
translation, held at the National Academy of Sciences in
(1981) J.C.Sager: Types
of translation and text forms in the environment of machine translation (MT).
Practical experience of machine
translation. Proceedings of a conference,
(1979) Georges van Slype: Critical study of
methods for evaluating the quality of machine translation. Final report.
(1977) A.J. Petit: Objective
evaluation criteria for machine translation. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information
Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission
of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1,
pp.557-567. [PDF, 108KB]
(1966) John B. Carroll: An experiment in evaluating the quality of
translations. Mechanical Translation
and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3 and 4, September and December
1966; pp.55-66 [PDF, 264KB]
(1966) John B.Carroll: An experiment in
evaluating the quality of translations. Appendix 10 in: Language and machines: computers in
translation and linguistics. A report by the Automatic Language Processing
Advisory Committee, Division of Behavioral Sciences, National Academy of
Sciences, National Research Council. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of
Sciences – National Research Council, 1966); pp.67-75. [PDF, 144KB]
(1965) Sheila M. Pfafflin: Evaluation of machine translation by reading
comprehension tests and subjective judgments. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965;
pp.2-8 [PDF, 179KB]
(1960) Session
4: Methodology [contributions by A.F.R.Brown, L.Dostert, H.P.Edmundson,
V.Giuliano, R.M.Hayes, D.G.Hays, H.H.Josselson, G.W.King, S.M.Lamb, A.W.Lukjanow,
A.G.Oettinger, E.Reifler, R.See, D.R.Swanson, S.N.Werbow, V.H.Yngve, and
M.Zarechnak]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation,
held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed.
H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.195-218. [PDF,
108KB]
(1960)
Session 4: Methodology. Questions and
discussion [by G.W.Brown, L.Dostert, H.P.Edmundson, P.L.Garvin, D.G.Hays,
H.H.Josselson, G.W.King, S.M.Lamb, A.G.Oettinger, E.Reifler, I.Rhodes, R.See,
M.E.Sherry, D.R.Swanson, A.Wallace]. Proceedings of the National Symposium
on Machine Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles,
February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,
1961); pp.219-224. [PDF, 49KB]
(1956) George A.Miller & J.G.Beebe-Center: Some psychological methods for evaluating the quality
of translations. Mechanical
Translation 3 (3), December 1956; pp. 73-80 [PDF, 151KB]
Evaluations of systems [see also User experiences in index of applications]
(1989) Muriel Vasconcellos: Long-term data for an MT policy. Literary and Linguistic Computing 4 (3),
1989; pp.203-213. [PDF, 1313KB]
(1988) Alan K. Melby: Lexical
transfer: between a source rock and a hard target. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.2, pp.411-413. [PDF, 271KB]
(1985) Jonathan Slocum,
Winfield S. Bennett, Lesley Whiffin, & Edda Norcross: An evaluation of METAL: the LRC machine translation
system. Second
conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational
Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985,
(1984) Robert Ordish: Personal
impressions of a machine translation system. The Incorporated Linguist vol.23, no.3, Summer 1984; pp.136-145.
[PDF, 68KB]
(1979) Georges Van Slype: Systran: evaluation of the 1978 version of
the Systran English-French automatic system of the Commission of the European
Communities. The Incorporated Linguist, vol.18, no.3, Summer 1979,
pp.86-89. [PDF,
106KB]
(1978) Peter J. Arthern: Machine translation and computerized terminology
systems: a translator’s viewpoint. Translating
and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar,
(1978) F. Knowles: Error
analysis of Systran output – a suggested criterion for the ‘internal’
evaluation of translation quality and a possible corrective for system design.
Translating and the Computer: proceedings
of a seminar,
(1977) Jacques Chaumier: Assessment of SYSTRAN. Overcoming the language barrier: third European Congress on Information
Systems and Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission
of the European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1978); vol.2,
pp.74-82. [PDF, 135KB]
(1971)
H.Wallace Sinaiko: Translation by computer.
Science 174 (1971), 1182 & 1184.
[PDF, 22KB]
(1969)
A.J.Szanser: Machine translation at the NPL.
Physics Bulletin 20 (1969), 92-94.
[PDF, 49KB]
(1967) Bozena Henisz-Dostert: Experimental
machine translation. In: William M.Austin (ed) Papers in linguistics in honor of Léon Dostert (
(1967) J.McDaniel, W.L.Price, A.J.M.Szanser, &
D.M.Yates: An evaluation of the usefulness
of machine translations produced at the National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, with a summary of the translation methods. Coling 1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement
Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France, August 1967; 18pp. [PDF, 752KB]
(1967) David B. Orr & Victor H. Small: Comprehensibility of machine-aided translations of
Russian scientific documents. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.1 and 2, March and
June 1967; pp.1-10 [PDF, 191KB]
(1967)
A.J.Szanser: Machine translation—the
evaluation of an experiment. The
Incorporated Linguist 6 (4), October 1967; pp.90-95. [PDF, 131KB]
(1966) John B. Carroll: An experiment in evaluating the quality of
translations. Mechanical Translation
and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3 and 4, September and December
1966; pp.55-66 [PDF, 264KB]
Example-based
MT
(1984) Makoto Nagao: A framework of a
mechanical translation between Japanese and English by analogy principle, Artificial and human intelligence:
edited review papers presented at the international NATO Symposium, October
1981,
Expert
systems see Artificial Intelligence and MT
FAHQT
(Fully automatic high quality translation)
(1968) A. Ljudskanov: Is
the generally accepted strategy of machine-translation research optimal? Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1 and 2,
March and June 1968; pp. 14-21 [PDF, 222KB]
(1962)
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Four lectures on
algebraic linguistics and machine translation. In: Automatic Translation of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer
School held in
(1962) Y.Bar-Hillel: Machine translation: the end of an illusion [with
discussion]. In: Symposium on Modern
Techniques of Language Translation. Information
Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62,
(1960) Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: A
demonstration of the nonfeasibility of fully automatic high quality translation.
Appendix III of ‘The present status of automatic translation of languages’. Reprinted
in: Y.Bar-Hillel, Language and
information (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1964), 174-179.[PDF, 89KB]
Failures and limitations (see also Unknown words)
(1987) Eva Hajičova &
Zdeněk Kirschner: Fail-soft (“emergency”)
measures in a production-oriented MT system. Third conference
of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of
the conference, 1-3 April 1987,
(1987) Ralph M. Weischedel & Lance A. Ramshaw:
Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed language. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and
methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987);
pp.155-167
(1986) Martin Kay: Machine translation will not work. [Contribution
to] Forum on machine translation, 24th Annual
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of
the conference, 10-13 June 1986,
(1985) Ralph M. Weischedel: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process
ill-formed language. Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues
in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 348-358. [PDF, 187KB]
(1983) Merle D.Tenney: Machine
translation, machine-aided translation, and machine-impeded translation. Tools
for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference…
10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib,
1985); pp.105-113 [PDF, 38KB]
(1981) Roy Green: The
MT errors which cause most trouble to posteditors. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a
conference,
(1981) Bernard Lavorel: Experience in English-French post-editing. Practical experience of machine translation.
Proceedings of a conference,
(1981) Margaret Masterman: The limits of innovation in machine translation.
Practical experience of machine
translation. Proceedings of a conference,
(1980) Martin Kay: The proper place of men and
machines in language translation.
(1977)
Yorick Wilks: Time flies like an arrow.
New Scientist, vol.76, 15 December
1977; pp.696-698. [PDF, 95KB]
(1974)
Friedrich Krollmann: Data processing at the
translator’s service.
(1973)
Martin Kay: Automatic translation of natural languages. Daedalus 102; pp.217-230. [note]
(1967)
Paul L.Garvin: Machine translation – fact
or fancy? Datamation 13 (4),
April 1967; pp.29-31. [PDF, 53KB]
(1962) Y.Bar-Hillel: Machine translation: the end of an illusion [with
discussion]. In: Symposium on Modern
Techniques of Language Translation. Information
Processing 1962: proceedings of IFIP Congress 62,
(1962)
Yuen Ren Chao: Translation without
machine. Proceedings of the Ninth
International Congress of Linguists,
(1962)
Ida Rhodes: Syntactic integration carried out
mechanically. In: Automatic Translation
of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1960) D.Yu.Panov : Automatic
translation. Translated from the Russian by R.Kisch, edited by
A.J.Mitchell.
(1960) Session 2: Current research. Questions and
discussion [by A.F.R.Brown, E.W.Cannon, G.W.King, A.G.Oettinger,
M.E.Sherry, M.Zarechnak]. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine
Translation, held at the University of California, Los Angeles, February
2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961);
pp.133-135. [PDF, 49KB]
(1956)
E.H.Ullrich: [contribution to] Discussion
on ‘the computer in a non-arithmetic role’ at the Convention on
Digital-Computer Techniques, 12th April 1956. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol.103, part
B: Supplement no.3 (1956); p.474. [PDF,19KB]
Finite-state
methods (see also Statistical analysis)
(1987) Peter Lau &
Sergei Perschke: Morphology in the Eurotra base
level concept. Third conference of
the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics:
Proceedings of the conference, 1-3 April 1987,
(1975) J. Chauche: The
ATEF and CETA systems. American
Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 21-40. [PDF,
3453KB]
(1966) P.H.Matthews: A procedure for morphological encoding. Mechanical Translation and Computational
Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966; pp.15-21 [PDF, 210KB]
(1961) W. Smoke & E. Dubinsky: A program for the machine translation of natural
languages. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.2-10. [PDF, 233KB]
Formalisms
see Grammar formalisms
Fulcrum
approach
(1969) István Bátori: Disambiguating
verbs with multiple meaning in the MT-system of IBM Germany. Coling 1969: International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 1-4 September 1969,
(1967) Paul L.Garvin: The
fulcrum syntactic analyzer for Russian. Coling
1967: Conference Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France,
August 1967; 10pp. [PDF,
421KB]
(1967)
Paul L.Garvin: Machine translation – fact
or fancy? Datamation 13 (4),
April 1967; pp.29-31. [PDF, 53KB]
(1960)
Paul L.Garvin: Syntactic retrieval. Proceedings
of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, held at the University of
California, Los Angeles, February 2-5, 1960; ed. H.P.Edmundson. (Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961); pp.286-292. [PDF, 66KB]
(1959)
P.L.Garvin: Syntactic information retrieval. Symposium
on machine translation, Information
processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco,
Functional
unification grammar see Unification grammar
Future
prospects and predictions (see
also Proposed systems)
(1989) Yukio Honda: Expectations
for machine translation. In: Makoto
Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit
(Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. ix-x. [PDF, 78KB]
(1989) Eduard H.
Hovy: New possibilities in machine translation. Speech
and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at
(1989) M. Kay: Machines
and people in translation. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine
translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 26-27. [PDF, 86KB]
(1989) M. Kay: Concluding
remarks 2 [at Machine Translation
Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto
Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit
(Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 192-196 [PDF, 105KB]
(1989) Margaret King: New directions in MT systems: a change in paradigm.MT
(1989) Winfred P. Lehmann: Machine translation: achievements, problems,
promise.
(1989) Makoto Nagao: Japanese
view of the future of machine translation. MT
(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira Kubota,
Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review on
Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo:
Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]
(1989) National Research Council: Report of a symposium on Japanese to English machine
translation, held at the National Academy of Sciences in
(1989) Christian Rohrer: New directions in MT systems. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich,
Germany [
(1989) Loll Rolling: Concluding
remarks 1 [at Machine Translation
Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto
Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit
(Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 187-191 [PDF, 121KB]
(1989) Henry Thompson: Speech recognition, artificial intelligence and
translation: how rosy a future? Translating
and the Computer 11: Preparing for the next decade, ed. Catriona Picken.
Proceedings of a conference… 16-17 November 1989, The Conference Forum, The
Sedgwick Centre,
(1988) Francis
E.Knowles: Machine aids for translators: what
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(1966) Paul L. Garvin: Some
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(1960)
Victor H.Yngve: Mechanical translation research:
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5pp. [PDF, 31KB]
(1960) Session 1:
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(1960)
Session 4: Methodology [contributions
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H.H.Josselson, G.W.King, S.M.Lamb, A.W.Lukjanow, A.G.Oettinger, E.Reifler,
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(1960)
Session 4: Methodology. Questions and
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H.H.Josselson, G.W.King, S.M.Lamb, A.G.Oettinger, E.Reifler, I.Rhodes, R.See,
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(1959)
P.L.Garvin: [contribution to] Symposium on
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Andreas Koutsoudas: Machine translation at
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Margaret Masterman: [contribution to] Discussion
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Anthony G.Oettinger: Automatic
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(1957) Panel II:
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(1956) J.R.Firth: Linguistic analysis
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(1955)
Warren Weaver: The new tower. Foreword to: William N.Locke & A.Donald Booth
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(1952) James W. Perry: Machine techniques
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(1952) Erwin Reifler: General
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(1949) Warren Weaver: Translation. 17 July
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(1947) Warren Weaver & Norbert Wiener: [Correspondence, March-May
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Generalised
Phrase Structure Grammar
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(1989) Eduard H.
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(1988) Richard Kittredge, Lidija Iordanskaja, & Alain Polguère: Multi-lingual text generation and the
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(1988) Sergei Nirenburg & Irene Nirenburg: A framework for lexical selection in natural
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(1988) Sergei Nirenburg, Rita McCardell, Eric Nyberg, Scott Huffman,
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(1988) Miyo Otani & Nathalie Simonin: Functional
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(1988) Dietmar Rösner: The
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(1988)
Dorine Tamis: The treatment of form determination
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(1966) Jocelyn Brewer: English article insertion. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3
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(1965) Petr Sgall: Generation,
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(1964) Ben K.T’sou: Sample sentences generated by
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(1963) H.P.
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(1963) Sheldon Klein & Robert F. Simmons:
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(1963) Arnold C. Satterthwait: Computational research in Arabic. Mechanical
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(1963) Victor H.
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(1961) Victor H. Yngve: Random
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Language Analysis: proceedings of the conference held at the National
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pp.66-80. [PDF, 146KB] [discussion]
Government
Binding theory see Principles and parameters
Grammar formalisms see also: Case grammar, Context-free grammar, Definite Clause Grammar, Fulcrum
approach, Generalised Phrase Structure Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure
Grammar,Left Associative Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Meaning-text
model, Montague grammar, Principles and
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Inference see Learning
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Information extraction see index of applications
Information retrieval see index of applications
Information
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Interactive
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(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive
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(1987) Roderick L. Johnson & Peter Whitelock:
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(1987) Mary McGee Wood,
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(1985) R. Gerber &
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(1984) Marco A. Clemente-Salazar: Use of c-graphs in a prototype for
automatic translation. Coling84: 10th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Masaru Tomita: Disambiguating grammatically ambiguous
sentences by asking. Coling84: 10th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1983) Russell Bateman: Introduction to interactive translation. Tools for the Trade: Translating and the
Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference… 10-11 November 1983, London Press
Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib, 1985); pp.193-197 [PDF, 21KB]
(1983) Merle
D.Tenney: Machine translation, machine-aided
translation, and machine-impeded translation. Tools
for the Trade: Translating and the Computer 5. Proceedings of a conference…
10-11 November 1983, London Press Centre, ed. Veronica Lawson. (London: Aslib,
1985); pp.105-113 [PDF, 38KB]
(1981) Michael G. Hundt: Working
with the Weidner machine-aided translation system. Practical experience of machine translation. Proceedings of a
conference,
(1980) Martin Kay: The proper place of men and
machines in language translation.
(1980) Alan K.Melby, Melvin R.Smith & Jill
Peterson: ITS: interactive translation system.
Coling 80: proceedings of the 8th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4,
1980,
(1978) Shiu-Chang Loh & Luan Kong: An interactive on-line machine translation system
(Chinese into English). Translating
and the Computer: proceedings of a seminar,
(1976) Shiu-Chang Loh: CULT,
Chinese University Language Translator [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on
Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1975) Eldon G. Lytel, Dennis Packard, Daryl Gibb,
Alan K.Melby, & Floyd H.Billings, Jr.:
Junction grammar as a base for natural
language processing. American Journal
of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 26; 74pp. [PDF, 2259KB]
(1973) Christian Boitet: Towards an adaptative and interactive system in
automatic translation. Computational and mathematical
linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on Computational
Linguistics,
(1973) Alan K. Melby: Junction grammar and machine assisted translation.
Computational and mathematical linguistics:
proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
(1969) Yorick Wilks: Interactive
semantic analysis of English paragraphs. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
1-4 September 1969,
(1967) Margaret Masterman: Man-aided computer translation from English
into French using an on-line system to manipulate a bi-lingual conceptual
dictionary, or thesaurus. Coling 1967: Conference
Internationale sur la Traitement Automatique des Langues, Grenoble, France,
August 1967; 22pp. [PDF,
887KB]
Interlingua methods (see also Knowledge-based MT, Language universals)
(1989) Jaime G. Carbonell: Interlingua – technical prospect of interlingua.
In: Makoto Nagao
(ed.) Machine translation summit
(Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 30-31. [PDF, 98KB]
(1989) Jan Landsbergen: The Rosetta
project. MT Summit II, August 16-18,
1989, Munich, Germany [
(1989) Sergei Nirenburg: New developments in knowledge-based machine
translation.
(1989) Hozumi Tanaka, Shun Ishizaki, Akira Uehara, & Hiroshi
Uchida: Research and development of cooperation
project on a machine translation system for Japan and its neighboring
countries. MT Summit II, August
16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [
(1989) Masaru Tomita &
Jaime G.Carbonell: CMU project. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo:
Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 72-82. [PDF, 221KB]
(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich,
Germany [
(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS II: a machine translation system using
conceptual structure as an interlingua. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 93-100 [PDF,
177KB] [Rewritten version of paper given at MT
Summit: Machine Translation Summit, Hakone, Japan, September 1987]
(1989) Hiroshi Uchida: Interlingua – necessity of interlingua for multilingual
translation. In:
Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation
summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 29. [PDF, 77KB] [Rewritten version of
paper given at MT Summit: Machine
Translation Summit,
(1988) Iván Guzman de Rojas:
ATAMIRI - interlingual MT using the Aymara language. In:
Dan Maxwell,
Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation.
Conference proceedings,
(1988) P.C.Rolf: Machine
translation: the languages network (versus the intermediate language). Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.2, pp.544-548. [PDF, 440KB]
(1988) Klaus Schubert: The architecture of DLT - interlingual or double
direct? In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New
directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings,
(1988) Klaus Schubert: Implicitness as a guiding principle in machine
translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.2, pp.599-601. [PDF, 135KB]
(1988)
Dorine Tamis: The treatment of form
determination for French in DLT. Interface: Journal of Applied Linguistics
3.1 (1988); pp. 45-56. [PDF, 111KB]
(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii: What is a cross-linguistically valid interpretation of
discourse? In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert
& Toon Witkam (eds.) New directions in machine translation.
Conference proceedings,
(1988) Hiroshi Uchida: ATLAS II: a
machine translation system using conceptual structures as an interlingua. Second International Conference on
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural
Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine
Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 9pp. [PDF, 144KB]
(1988) Toon Witkam: DLT
– an industrial R&D project for multilingual MT. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.2, pp.756-759. [PDF, 294KB]
(1988) Michael Zarechnak: Complex
procedures for MT quality. Second
International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon
University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA];
12pp. [PDF, 106KB]
(1988) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: Universal quantification in machine translation.
Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August
1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;
vol.2, pp.791-795. [PDF, 479KB]
(1987) Kazunori Muraki: PIVOT: two-phase machine translation system. MT
(1987) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen B.
Tucker: The structure of interlingua in TRANSLATOR. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and
methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987);
pp.90-113
(1987) Petr Sgall &
Jarmila Panevová: Machine translation,
linguistics, and interlingua. Third conference of the European Chapter of the
Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the
conference, 1-3 April 1987,
(1987) Yoshihide Tsuji: Research and development project of machine
translation system with Japan’s neighboring countries. MT
(1987) Jun-ichi Tsujii: What is ‘PIVOT’? MT
(1987) Hiroshi Uchida: Necessity for interlingua for multilingual translation. MT
(1987) Toon Witkam: Interlingual MT – an industrial initiative. MT
(1986) Lisette Appelo & Jan Landsbergen: The machine translation project Rosetta. International
Conference on the State of the Art in Machine Translation in
(1986) Burham Bukhari: BAPCOMP’s
universal computer system. International Conference on the State of the
Art in Machine Translation in
(1986) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen
Tucker: On knowledge-based machine
translation. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1986) B.C.Papegaaij, V.Sadler, & A.P.M.Witkam: Experiments with an MT-directed lexical
knowledge bank. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1986) B.C.Papegaaij: Word expert semantics: an interlingual
knowledge-based approach; ed. V.Sadler and A.P.M.Witkam.
(1986) André Schenk: Idioms
in the Rosetta machine translation system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1985) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin & Allen B.
Tucker: Interlingua design for TRANSLATOR. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation
of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16,
1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 224-244. [PDF, 318KB]
(1985) Frank van Eynde, Louis
des Tombe, & Fons Maes: The specification
of time meaning for machine translation. Second
conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational
Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-29 March 1985,
(1985) Bernard Vauquois & Christian Boitet: Automated translation at Grenoble University. Computational Linguistics 11 (1), pp.
28-36 [PDF, 983KB] [Reprinted
in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation
systems.
(1983) Harold L. Somers: Investigating
the possibility of a microprocessor-based machine translation system. First conference on Applied Natural Language
Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of
the conference, 1-3 February 1983, Miramar-Sheraton Hotel, Santa Monica,
California, USA; pp. 149-155 [PDF, 537KB]
(1983)
A.P.M.Witkam: DLT: distributed language translation
– a multilingual system for computer networks. Feasibility study of a
multilingual facility for videotex information networks.
(1982) Jan Landsbergen: Machine translation based on logically
isomorphic Montague grammars. Coling
82: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Computational
Linguistics,
(1982) N.N.Leont’eva: Automatic translation through understanding and
summarizing. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on
Computational Linguistics,
(1982) H.L.Somers & R.L.Johnson: Bede: a microprocessor-based machine translation
system. Coling 82 [Ninth International Conference on
Computational Linguistics,
(1980) Hiroshi Uchida & Kenji Sugiyama: A machine translation system from Japanese into
English based on conceptual structure. Coling
80: proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics, Sept.30 – Oct.4, 1980,
(1977) W.Goshawke: SLUNT
(Spoken Language Universal Numeric Translation). Overcoming
the language barrier: third European Congress on Information Systems and
Networks, Luxembourg, 3-6 May 1977, organised by the Commission of the
European Communities (München: Verlag Dokumentation, 1977); vol.1, pp.661-675.
[PDF, 179KB]
(1975) Eldon G. Lytel, Dennis Packard, Daryl Gibb,
Alan K.Melby, & Floyd H.Billings, Jr.:
Junction grammar as a base for natural
language processing. American Journal
of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 26; 74pp. [PDF, 2259KB]
(1973) Yorick Wilks & Annette Herskovits: An intelligent analyser and generator for natural
language. Computational and
mathematical linguistics: proceedings of the International Conference on
Computational Linguistics,
(1973) Alan K. Melby: Junction grammar and machine assisted translation.
Computational and mathematical linguistics:
proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
(1969) Yorick Wilks: Interactive
semantic analysis of English paragraphs. Coling 1969: International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
1-4 September 1969,
(1967) N.D.Andreev: The intermediary language as the
focal point of machine translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation. (Amsterdam:
North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.1-27.
(1967) Silvio Ceccato: Correlational analysis and
mechanical translation. In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine
translation. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967);
pp.77-135.
(1967) O.S.Kulagina & I.A.Mel’čuk: Automatic
translation: some theoretical aspects and the design of a translation system.
In: A.D.Booth (ed.) Machine translation.
(Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1967); pp.137-171.
(1962)
N.D.Andreyev: Linguistic
aspects of translation [with discussion]. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress of Linguists,
(1962)
Silvio Ceccato: Automatic translation of
languages. In: Automatic Translation
of Languages: papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1962) Jared Darlington: Interlingua and MT, a discussion. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.1,
July 1962; pp.2-7 [PDF, 128KB]
(1962)
A.F.Parker-Rhodes: Syntax. In: Automatic Translation of Languages:
papers presented at NATO Summer School held in
(1961) Margaret Masterman: Semantic message detection for machine
translation, using an interlingua. 1961 International Conference on Machine
Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis: proceedings of the
conference held at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, on 5th,
6th, 7th and 8th September; pp.438-474. [PDF, 109KB] [discussion]
(1961) Itiroo
(1959)
N.D.Andreyev: Basic directions of work at
the Experimental Laboratory of Machine Translation. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine
translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on a
Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio,
September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2,
pp.687-691. [PDF, 37KB]
(1959)
N.D.Andreyev: The universal code of science
and machine languages . In: Allen
Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and
machine translation. Based on the International Conference for Standards on
a Common Language for Machine Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio,
September 6-12, 1959 (New York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2,
pp.1061-1073. [PDF, 128KB]
(1959)
J.E.Farradane: [contribution to] Symposium on
machine translation, Information
processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco,
(1959)
V.V.Ivanov: Linguistic problems in the design of
a machine language for the information machine. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine
Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.1075-1090. [PDF, 147KB]
(1959)
Margaret Masterman: [contributions to] Symposium
on machine translation, Information
processing: International Conference on Information Processing, Unesco,
(1959)
A.F.Parker-Rhodes: Some recent work on
thesauric and interlingual methods in machine translation. In: Allen Kent (ed.) Information retrieval and machine translation. Based on the
International Conference for Standards on a Common Language for Machine
Searching and Translation, Cleveland, Ohio, September 6-12, 1959 (New
York/London: Interscience Publishers, 1961); part 2, pp.923-934. [PDF, 66KB]
(1958)
M.Masterman, R.M.Needham, & K.Spärck Jones: The analogy between mechanical
translation and library retrieval. Proceedings
of the International Conference on Scientific Information,
(1957)
M.A.K.Halliday: Report on the work
in MT by the Cambridge Language Research Group, Cambridge, England.
[Session ‘Machine translation’] Proceedings
of the Eighth International Congress of Linguists,
(1957) M.M.Masterman: The thesaurus in
syntax and semantics, Mechanical
Translation 4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 35-43 [PDF, 156KB]
(1956) A.F.Parker-Rhodes: Mechanical translation program utilizing an
interlingual thesaurus [Abstract]. In: Report on
research: Cambridge Language Research Unit. Mechanical Translation 3 (2),
November 1956; p.36.
(1956) R.H.Richens: General program for mechanical translation between
any two languages via an algebraic interlingua [Abstract]. In: Report on research: Cambridge Language Research Unit.
Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; p.37.
(1955) Alexander Gode: Signal system in
Interlingua. Mechanical Translation
2 (3), December 1955; pp. 55-60 [PDF, 143KB]
(1951)
Erwin Reifler: Some problems of the mechanical
translation of languages. Paper read before the Linguistic Society of the
Intermediary
(natural) language see Pivot language
International
terms
(1953)
Erwin Reifler: Elimination and mechanical
determination of forms with dual nationality (Studies in Mechanical
Translation, no.9). 11pp. [PDF, 38KB]
Internet
and MT see index of applications
Intonation
see Emphasis and stress
Introductions
to MT
(1960) D.Yu.Panov : Automatic
translation. Translated from the Russian by R.Kisch, edited by
A.J.Mitchell.
Isomorphism
see Reversibility
Journals
on MT
(1970) Warren J.Plath: Open letter from the President [of the Association
for Computational Linguistics] The Finite
String 7 (8), June 1970; pp.1-4. [PDF,
33KB]
(1970) Victor H.Yngve: Final report on the journal MT [submitted to the
Association for Computational Linguistics]. Typescript, July 1970.; 23pp. [PDF,
105KB]
Knowledge-based
MT
(1989) Sergei Nirenburg: KBMT-89: a
knowledge-based MT project at Carnegie-Mellon University. MT Summit II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich,
Germany [
(1989) Sergei Nirenburg: New developments in knowledge-based machine
translation.
(1989) Masaru Tomita & Jaime G.Carbonell:
CMU project. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 72-82. [PDF,
221KB]
(1988) Christian Galinski: Advanced terminology banks supporting knowledge-based MT: some reflections on the costs for setting-up
and operating a terminological data bank (TDB). In: Dan Maxwell, Klaus Schubert & Toon Witkam (eds.) New
directions in machine translation. Conference proceedings,
(1988) Sergei Nirenburg, Rita McCardell, Eric Nyberg, Scott Huffman,
Edward Kernschaft, & Irene Nirenburg: Lexical
realization in natural language generation. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological
Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988,
Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, [USA]; 16pp. [PDF, 278KB]
(1988) Hirosato Nomura: Meaning
understanding in machine translation. Second
International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon
University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA];
10pp. [PDF, 138KB]
(1988)
Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, & Hideto
Tomabechi: Towards a speech-to-speech
translation system. Interface:
Journal of Applied Linguistics 3.1 (1988); pp. 57-77. [PDF, 150 KB]
(1988) Masaru Tomita, Marion Kee, Hiroaki Saito, Teruko Mitamura, &
Hideto Tomabechi: The universal parser compiler
and its application to a speech translation system. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological
Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988,
Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, [USA]; 19pp. [PDF, 259KB]
(1987) Jaime G. Carbonell & Masaru Tomita:
Knowledge-based machine translation, the CMU approach. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and
methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987);
pp.68-89
(1987) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: The subworld concept lexicon and the lexicon
management system. Computational Linguistics 13 (3-4), pp.
276-289 [PDF, 1187KB]
(1987) Rika Yoshii: JETR: a robust machine translation system. 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 July 1987,
(1986) Sergei Nirenburg, Victor Raskin, & Allen
Tucker: On knowledge-based machine
translation. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1986) B.C.Papegaaij: Word expert semantics: an interlingual
knowledge-based approach; ed. V.Sadler and A.P.M.Witkam.
(1986) Masaru Tomita & Jaime G.Carbonell: Another stride towards knowledge-based machine
translation. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1985) Jaime G. Carbonell & Masaru Tomita: New approaches to machine translation. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 59-74. [PDF, 287KB]
Knowledge
representation
(1989) Hiroaki Kitano, Hideto
Tomabechi, & Lori Levin: Ambiguity
resolution in the DmTrans Plus.
Fourth conference of the European Chapter of
the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the
conference, 10-12 April 1989, University of Manchester Institute of Science and
Technology, Manchester, England; pp. 72-79. [PDF, 739KB]
(1989) Victor Sadler: