Machine Translation Archive

Subject Index

to methods, techniques, issues and topics

in publications 1990-1999

For later publications see the index to publications 2000-2004, publications 2005-2009, and publications since 2010

For earlier publications see publications before 1990

[to return to home page click here]

 

Adjectives

(1999) Hitoshi Isahara & Kyoko Kanzaki: Lexical semantics to disambiguate polysemous phenomena of Japanese adnominal constituents. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.489-496. [PDF, 666KB]

(1996) Victor Raskin & Sergei Nirenburg: Adjectival modification in text meaning representation. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 842-847. [PDF, 536KB]

Adverbs

(1997) Kentaro Ogura, Satoshi Shirai, & Francis Bond: English adverb processing in Japanese-to-English machine translation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.95-102. [PDF, 173KB]

(1994) Kentaro Ogura, Francis Bond, & Satoru Ikehara: English adverb generation in Japanese to English machine translation.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.190-191. [PDF, 169KB]

Alignment (see also Character alignment, Statistical analysis, Word alignment)

(1999) Lars Ahrenberg, Magnus Merkel, Daniel Ridings, Anna Sĺgvall Hein & Jörg Tiedemann. Automatic processing of parallel corpora: A Swedish perspective. Linköping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science, vol. 4 (1999), nr: 2, December 1999. 45pp. [PDF, 3449KB]

(1999) Sergio Barrachina & Juan Miguel Vilar: Bilingual clustering using monolingual algorithms.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 77-87 [PDF, 189KB]

(1999) Tomaž Erjavec: The ELAN Slovene-English aligned corpus. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 349-357. [PDF, 250KB]

(1999) Yiping Li, Chimu Pun, & Fei Wu: Portuguese-Chinese machine translation in Macao. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 236-243. [PDF, 236KB]

(1999) Kevin McTait, Maeve Olohan, & Arturo Trujillo: A building blocks approach to translation memory.  Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 15pp. [PDF, 94KB]

(1999) Kevin McTait & Arturo Trujillo: A language-neutral sparse-data algorithm for extracting translation patterns. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 98-108 [PDF, 180KB]

(1999) I. Dan Melamed: Bitext maps and alignment via pattern recognition. Computational Linguistics 25 (1), pp. 107-130 [PDF, 1562KB]

(1999) Franz Josef Och, Christoph Tillmann, & Hermann Ney: Improved alignment models for statistical machine translation. Joint SIGDAT conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Pascale Fung and Joe Zhou, 21-22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; pp.20-28. [PDF, 768KB]

(1999) Elena Paskaleva: Aligning and extracting translation equivalents from EU documents - a possible look on EU integration. In: EAMT Workshop, Prague, April 22-23,1999 [abstract only, PDF]

(1999) Stelios Piperidis, Christos Malavazos, & Ioannis Triantafyllou: A multi-level framework for memory-based translation aid tools. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 9pp. [PDF, 71KB]

(1999) Michel Simard: Text-translation alignment: three languages are better than two. Joint SIGDAT conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Pascale Fung and Joe Zhou, 21-22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; pp.2-11. [PDF, 958KB]

(1998) Joseba Abaitua, Arantza Casillas, & Raquel Martínez: Value added tagging for multilingual resource management. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1003-1007. [PDF, 64KB]

(1998) Sotiris Boutsis & Stelios Piperidis: Aligning clauses in parallel texts. Third conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Nancy Ide and Atro Voutilainen, 2 June 1998, Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain; pp.17-26. [PDF, 665KB]

(1998) Nigel Collier, Kenji Ono, & Hideki Hirakawa: An experiment in hybrid dictionary and statistical sentence alignment. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 268-274. [PDF, 559KB]

(1998) Ph.Langlais, M.Simard, J.Véronis, S.Armstrong, P.Bonhomme, F.Debili, P.Isabelle, E.Souissi, & P.Théron: ARCADE: a cooperative research project on parallel text alignment evaluation. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.289-292. [PDF, 60KB]

(1998) Philippe Langlais, Michel Simard, & Jean Véronis: Methods and practical issues in evaluating alignment techniques. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 711-717. [PDF, 673KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Bitext correspondences through rich mark-up. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 812-818. [PDF, 637KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Aligning tagged bitexts. Coling-ACL’98: Sixth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eugene Charniak, 15th-16th August 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp.102-109. [PDF, 608KB]

(1998) Adam Meyers, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A multilingual procedure for dictionary-based sentence alignment. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.187-198. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Adam Meyers, Roman Yangarber, Ralph Grishman, Catherine Macleod, Antonio Moreno-Sandoval: Deriving transfer rules from dominance-preserving alignments. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 843-847. [PDF, 418KB]

(1997) M.Victoria Arranz: Lexical bottleneck in machine translation and natural language processing: a case study. Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 12pp. [PDF, 116KB]

(1997) Jason S.Chang & Mathis H.Chen: An alignment method for noisy parallel corpora based on image processing techniques. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 297-304. [PDF, 716KB]

(1997) Bróna Collins & Pádraig Cunningham: Adaptation guided retrieval: approaching EBMT with caution. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.119-126. [PDF, 220KB]

(1997) I.Dan Melamed: A portable algorithm for mapping bitext correspondence. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 305-312. [PDF, 714KB]

(1997) Hiromi Nakaiwa: Automatic extraction of rules for anaphora resolution of Japanese zero pronouns from aligned sentence pairs.  Operational factors in practical, robust anlphora resolution for unrestricted texts. Proceedings of a workshop [at ACL-EACL-1997] ed. by Ruslan Mitkov and Branimir Boguraev, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp.22-29. [PDF, 724KB]

(1997) Hiromi Nakaiwa: Automatic identification of zero pronouns and their antecedents within aligned sentence pairs. Fifth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Joe Zhou and Kenneth Church, 18 August 1997, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 20 August 1997, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; pp.127-141. [PDF, 959KB]

(1997) C.Tillmann, S.Vogel, H.Ney, & A.Zubiaga: A DP based search using monotone alignments in statistical translation. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 289-296. [PDF, 585KB]

(1996) Mihoko Kitamura & Yuji Matsumoto: Automatic extraction of word sequence correspondences in parallel corpora. Fourth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eva Ejerhed and Ido Dagan, 4 August 1996, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp.79-87. [PDF, 883KB]

(1996) Elliott Macklovitch & Marie-Louise Hannan: Line 'em up: advances in alignment technology and their impact on translation support tools. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.145-156 [PDF, 179KB]

(1996) I. Dan Melamed: Automatic detection of omissions in translations. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 764-769. [PDF, 566KB]

(1996) I.Dan Melamed: A geometric approach to mapping bitext correspondence.  Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Eric Brill and Kenneth Church, 17-18 May 1996, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. USA; pp.1-12. [PDF, 1025KB]

(1996) Adam Meyers, Roman Yangarber, & Ralph Grishman: Alignment of shared forests for bilingual corpora. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 460-465. [PDF, 475KB]

(1996) Jung H. Shin, Young S. Han, & Key-Sun Choi: Bilingual knowledge acquisition from Korean-English parallel corpus using alignment method (Korean-English alignment at word and phrase level). Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 230-235. [PDF, 480KB]

(1996) Michel Simard & Pierre Plamondon: Bilingual sentence alignment: balancing robustness and accuracy. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.135-144 [PDF, 230KB]

(1995) Mark W.Davis, Ted E.Dunning, & William C.Ogden: Text alignment in the real world: improving alignments of noisy translations using common lexical features, string matching strategies and n-gram comparisons. Seventh conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, March 27-31, 1995, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; pp. 67-74. [PDF, 728KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: Grammarless extraction of phrasal translation examples from parallel texts. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.355-372. [PDF, 340KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: Trainable coarse bilingual grammars for parallel text bracketing. Third workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church, 30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.69-81. [PDF, 740KB]

(1994) Kuang-hua Chen & Hsin-Hsi Chen: A part-of-speech-based alignment algorithm. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 166-171. [PDF, 412KB]

(1994) Pascale Fung & Kathleen McKeown: Aligning noisy parallel corpora across language groups: word pair feature matching by dynamic time warping. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 81-88. [PDF, 217KB]

(1994) Pascale Fung & Kenneth Ward Church: K-vec: a new approach for aligning parallel texts. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1096-1102. [PDF, 515KB]

(1994) Anthony M. McEnery, Michael P. Oakes, & Roger G. Garside: The use of approximate string matching techniques in the alignment of sentences in parallel corpora. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 145KB]

(1994) Elliott Macklovitch: Using bi-textual alignment for translation validation: the TransCheck system. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 157-168. [PDF, 223KB]

(1994) Harris Papageorgiou, Lambros Cranias, & Stelios Piperidis: Automatic alignment in parallel corpora. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.334-336. [PDF, 277KB]

(1994) Takehito Utsuro, Hiroshi Ikeda, Masaya Yamane, Yuji Matsumoto, & Makoto Nagao: Bilingual text matching using bilingual dictionary and statistics. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1076-1082. [PDF, 511KB]

(1994) Dekai Wu: Aligning a parallel English-Chinese corpus statistically with lexical criteria. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.80-87. [PDF, 643KB]

(1993) William A. Gale & Kenneth W. Church: A program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora. Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 76-102 [PDF, 1391KB]

(1993) Martin Kay & Martin Röscheisen: Text-translation alignment. Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 122-142 [PDF, 1170KB]

(1993) Arne Larsson & Magnus Merkel: Semiotics at work: technical translation and communication in a multilingual corporate environment. Proceedings of NODALIDA (Nordiska Datalingvistikdagarna), Stockholm University. 11pp. [PDF, 36KB]

(1993) Hinrich Schütze: Translation by confusion. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.88-91.

(1993) Hadar Shemtov: Text alignment in a tool for translating revised documents. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; pp. 449-453. [PDF, 478KB]

(1993) Michel Simard, George F.Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora. IBM Center for Advanced Studies Conference (Toronto, Ontario, Canada): Proceedings of the 1993 conference on collaborative research: distributed computing, vol.2, pp. 1071-1082. [PDF, 861KB]

(1992) Fathi Debili & Elyčs Sammouda : Aligning sentences in bilingual texts : French-English and French-Arabic. [English and Arabic abstract]. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; p. 517. [PDF, 53KB]; full French text [PDF, 521KB]

(1992) Michel Simard, George F. Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.67-81. [PDF, 270KB]

(1992) A.Winarske, S.Warwick-Armstrong, & J.Hajič: Tagging and alignment of parallel texts: current status of BCP.  Third conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1992, Trento, Italy;  pp.209-215. [PDF, 190KB]

(1991) Peter F. Brown, Jennifer C.Lai, & Robert L. Mercer: Aligning sentences in parallel corpora. 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.169-176. [PDF, 669KB]

(1991) William A. Gale & Kenneth W. Church: A program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.177-184. [PDF, 612KB]

ALPAC

(1996) John Hutchins: ALPAC: the (in)famous report. In: MT News International no.14, June 1996

Ambiguity preservation (see also Disambiguation)

(1998) Martin C. Emele & Michael Dorna: Ambiguity preserving machine translation using packed representations. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 365-371. [PDF, 639KB]

Analogies and analogical modelling (see also Example-based MT)

(1999) Gang Zhao & Junichi Tsujii: Transfer in experience-guided machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 501-508. [PDF, 369KB]

(1998) H.Altay Güvenir & Ilyas Cicekli: Learning translation templates from examples. Information Systems, vol. 23, no.6; pp.353-363. [PDF, 51KB]

(1997) Keiko Horiguchi: Towards translating spoken language pragmatics in an analogical framework. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 16-23. [PDF, 828KB]

(1997) Keiko Horiguchi & Alexander Franz: A formal basis for spoken language translation by analogy.   Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 32-39. [PDF, 685KB]

Analysis see Semantic analysis; Syntactic analyis

Anaphora resolution

(1999) Jesús Peral, Manuel Palomar, & Antonio Ferrández: Coreference-oriented interlingual slot structure & machine translation. ACL-1999 Coreference and its Applications: Proceedings of the Workshop, 22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.69-76. [PDF, 684KB]

(1998) Masaki Murata & Makoto Nagao: An estimate of referent of noun phrases in Japanese sentences. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 912-916. [PDF, 460KB]

(1997) Hiromi Nakaiwa: Automatic extraction of rules for anaphora resolution of Japanese zero pronouns from aligned sentence pairs.  Operational factors in practical, robust anlphora resolution for unrestricted texts. Proceedings of a workshop [at ACL-EACL-1997] ed. by Ruslan Mitkov and Branimir Boguraev, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp.22-29. [PDF, 724KB]

(1997) Hiromi Nakaiwa: Automatic identification of zero pronouns and their antecedents within aligned sentence pairs. Fifth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Joe Zhou and Kenneth Church, 18 August 1997, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 20 August 1997, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; pp.127-141. [PDF, 959KB]

(1996) Ruslan Mitkov: Anaphora and machine translation. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 4: October 1996; pp. 6-16.

(1996) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Satoshi Shirai: Anaphora resolution of Japanese zero pronouns with deictic reference. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1090-1093. [PDF, 574KB]

(1995) Francis Bond, Kentaro Ogura,& Tsukasa Kawaoka: Noun phrase reference in Japanese to English machine translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.1-14. [PDF, 203KB]

(1995) Ruslan Mitkov, Sung-Kwon Choi, & Randall Sharp: Anaphora resolution in machine translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.87-95. [PDF, 203KB]

(1995) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Satoru Ikehara: Intrasentential resolution of Japanese zero pronouns in a machine translation system using semantic and pragmatic constraints. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.96-105. [PDF, 200KB]

(1994) Shalom Lappin & Herbert J. Leass: An algorithm for pronominal anaphora resolution. Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 535-561 [PDF, 1694KB]

(1994) Ruslan Mitkov & Johann Haller: Machine translation, ten years on: Discourse has yet to make a breakthrough. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 138KB]

(1994) Horacio Saggion & Ariadne Carvalho: Anaphora resolution in a machine translation system. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 439KB]

(1993) Chinatsu Aone & Douglas McKee: A language-independent anaphora resolution system for understanding multilingual texts. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.156-163. [PDF, 624KB]

(1993) Masaki Murata & Makoto Nagao: Determination of referential property and number of nouns in Japanese sentences for machine translation into English. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 218-225. [PDF, 229KB]

(1992) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Satoru Ikehara: Zero pronoun resolution in a Japanese to English machine translation system using verbal semantic attributes.  Third conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1992, Trento, Italy;  pp.201-208. [PDF, 802KB]

(1992) Louisa Sadler & Doug Arnold: A constraint-based approach to translating anaphoric dependencies. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 728- 734. [PDF, 400KB]

(1990) Hiyan Alshawi: Resolving quasi logical forms. Computational Linguistics 16 (3), pp. 133-144 [PDF, 1198KB]

(1990) Shalom Lappin & Michael McCord: Anaphora resolution in slot grammar. Computational Linguistics 16 (4), pp. 197-212 [PDF, 1501KB]

(1990) Shalom Lappin & Michael McCord: A syntactic filter on pronominal anaphora for slot grammar. 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.135-142. [PDF, 437KB]

(1990) Hajime Wada: Discourse processing in MT: problems in pronominal translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.1, pp. 73-75. [PDF, 332KB]

Annotation

(1999) Mosleh H. Al-Adhaileh & Tang Enya Kong: Example-based machine translation based on the synchronous SSTC annotation schema.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 244-249. [PDF, 271KB]

(1999) Hui-Feng Li, Namwon Heo, Kyoungbi Moon, & Jong-Hyeok Lee: The use of abstracted knowledge from an automatically sense-tagged corpus for lexical transfer ambiguity resolution.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 390-396. [PDF, 254KB]

(1998) Ludmila Dimitrova, Tomaz Erjavec, Nancy Ide, Heiki Jaan Kaalep, Vladimir Petkevic & Dan Tufis: Multext-East: parallel and comparable corpora and lexicons for six central and eastern European languages. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 315-319. [PDF, 414KB]

(1993) Ulrich Heid: Relating parallel monolingual lexicon fragments for translation purposes. In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.231-251. [abstract]

(1993) Hans-Ulrich Krieger: Typed feature formalisms as a common basis for linguistic specification. In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.101-119. [abstract]

(1993) Paul Procter: The Cambridge language survey.  In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.77-84. [abstract]

Articles

(1999) Lee Hian-Beng: Article selection using probabilistic sense disambiguation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 421-426. [PDF, 194KB]

(1992) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: Exploiting linguistic iconism for article selection in machine translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 792-798. [PDF, 480KB]

(1990) Barbara Gawrońska-Werngren: “Translation great problem” – on the problem of inserting articles when translating from Russian into Swedish. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 133-138. [PDF, 506KB]

Artificial Intelligence and MT (see also Knowledge representation, Neural networks)

(1998) Chadia Moghrabi & Christian Boitet: Using GETA’s MT/NLP resources in an intelligent tutoring system for French. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1235-1238. [PDF, 48KB]

(1995) Elliott Macklovitch: The future of MT is now and Bar-Hillel was (almost entirely) right. In: BISFAI’95: Proceedings [of] The Fourth Bar-Ilan Symposium on Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, ed. Moshe Koppel & Eli Shamir, June 20-22, 1995, Ramat Gat and Jerusalem, Israel (Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1996); pp.137-148. [PDF, 64KB]

(1995) Sergei Nirenburg: Bar Hillel and machine translation: then and now. In: BISFAI’95: Proceedings [of] The Fourth Bar-Ilan Symposium on Foundations of Artificial Intelligence, ed. Moshe Koppel & Eli Shamir, June 20-22, 1995, Ramat Gat and Jerusalem, Israel (Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press, 1996); pp.137-148. [PDF, 42KB]

(1990) Yorick Wilks, Jaime Carbonell, David Farwell, Eduard Hovy, & Sergei Nirenburg: Machine translation again?  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, USA, June 24-27, 1990. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990); pp. 371-378. [PDF, 1196KB]

Aspect

(1999) Masaki Murata, Qing Ma, Kiyotaka Uchimoto, & Hitoshi Isahara: An example-based approach to Japanese-to-English translation of tense, aspect, and modality.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 66-76 [PDF, 244KB]

(1997) Bonnie J.Dorr & Mari Broman Olsen: Deriving verbal and compositional lexical aspect for NLP applications. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 151-158. [PDF, 689KB]

(1997) Bonnie J. Dorr, Mari Broman Olsen, & Scott C. Thomas: Toward compact monotonically compositional interlingua using lexical aspect.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 33-43. [PDF, 190KB]

(1995) Frank Van Eynde: A sign-based approach to the translation of temporal expressions. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.67-86. [PDF, 855KB]

(1993) Margherita Antona & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Treatment of tense and aspect in translation from Italian to Greek — an example of treatment of implicit information in knowledge-based transfer MT. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 131-153. [PDF, 209KB]

(1992) Laurence Danlos & Pollet Samvelian: Translation in the predicative element of a sentence: category switiching, aspect and diathesis Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.21-34. [PDF, 168KB]

(1992) Bonnie J. Dorr: A parameterized approach to integrating aspect with lexical-semantics for machine translation. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.257-264. [PDF, 916KB]

(1992) Barbara Gawrońska: Aspect – a problem for MT. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 652-657. [PDF, 461KB]

(1991) Bianka Buschbeck, Renate Henschel, Iris Höser, Gerda Klimonow, Andreas Küstner, & Ingrid Starke: Limits of a sentence based procedural approach for aspect choice in German-Russian MT. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 269-274.  {PDF, 409KB]

(1991) Bonnie J.Dorr: A two-level knowledge representation for machine translation: lexical semantics and tense/aspect. [ACL 1991] Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation: proceedings of a workshop, ed. James Pustejovsky and Sabine Bergler, 17 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.250-263. [PDF, 912KB]

Bilingual corpora [see also Example-based methods, Test corpora]

(1999) Lars Ahrenberg, Magnus Merkel, Daniel Ridings, Anna Sĺgvall Hein & Jörg Tiedemann. Automatic processing of parallel corpora: A Swedish perspective. Linköping Electronic Articles in Computer and Information Science, vol. 4 (1999), nr: 2, December 1999. 45pp. [PDF, 3449KB]

(1999) Krzysztof Czuba & Xin Liu: Experiments in translingual information retrieval using web-based MT and WordNet.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 174-184 [PDF, 637KB]

(1999) Tomaž Erjavec: The ELAN Slovene-English aligned corpus. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 349-357. [PDF, 250KB]

(1999) Gregory Grefenstette: The World Wide Web as a resource for example-based machine translation tasks. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

(1999) Genichiro Kikui: Resolving translation ambiguity using non-parallel bilingual corpora. ACL-1999 Unsupervised Learning in Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of the Workshop ed. Andrew Kehler and Andreas Stolcke, 21 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.31-36. [PDF, 471KB]

(1999) Xiaoyi Ma: Parallel text collections at Linguistic Data Consortium. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 346-348. [PDF, 108KB]

(1999) Kevin McTait & Arturo Trujillo: A language-neutral sparse-data algorithm for extracting translation patterns. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 98-108 [PDF, 180KB]

(1999) I. Dan Melamed: Bitext maps and alignment via pattern recognition. Computational Linguistics 25 (1), pp. 107-130 [PDF, 1562KB]

(1999) Sung Hyon Myaeng, & Myung-Gil Jang: Complementing dictionary-based query translations with corpus statistics for cross-language IR. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp.165-171. [PDF, 198KB]

(1999) S.Nakazawa, T.Ochiai, K.Satoh & A.Okumura: Cross language information retrieval based on comparable corpora. Proceedings of the First NTCIR Workshop on Research in Japanese Text retrieval and Term Recognition, August 30 – September 1, Tokyo, Japan; 7pp. [PDF, 271KB]

(1999) Franz Josef Och: An efficient method for determining bilingual word classes. EACL’99: Ninth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8-12 June 1999, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; pp. 71-76. [PDF, 489KB]

(1999) Kumiko Ohmori & Masanobu Higashida: Extracting bilingual collocations from non-aligned parallel corpora. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 88-97 [PDF, 243KB]

(1999) Stelios Piperidis, Christos Malavazos, & Ioannis Triantafyllou: A multi-level framework for memory-based translation aid tools. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 9pp. [PDF, 71KB]

(1999) Reinhard Rapp: Automatic identification of word translations from unrelated English and German corpora. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.519-526. [PDF, 709KB]

(1999) Philip Resnik: Mining the web for bilingual text. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.527-534. [PDF, 737KB]

(1999) Oliver Streiter, Leonid L. Iomdin, Munpyo Hong & Ute Hauck: Learning, forgetting and remembering: statistical support for rule-based MT.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 44-54 [PDF, 236KB]

(1999) Key-Yih Su & Jing-Shin Chang: A customizable, self-learnable parameterized MT system: the next generation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp.182-188. [PDF, 180KB]

(1998) Jeffrey Allen & Christopher Hogan: Expanding lexical coverage of parallel corpora for the EBMT approach. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.747-754. [PDF, 302KB]

(1998) Sotiris Boutsis & Stelios Piperidis: Aligning clauses in parallel texts. Third conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Nancy Ide and Atro Voutilainen, 2 June 1998, Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos, Granada, Spain; pp.17-26. [PDF, 665KB]

(1998) Pernilla Danielsson & Katarina Mühlenbock: When Stĺlhandske becomes Steelglove: a corpus based study of names in parallel text. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.266-274. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Pascale Fung: A statistical view on bilingual lexicon extraction: from parallel corpora to non-parallel corpora. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.1-17. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Éric Gaussier: Flow network models for word alignment and terminology extraction from bilingual corpora. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 444-450. [PDF, 585KB]

(1998) Hitoshi Isahara: JEIDA’s English-Japanese bilingual corpus project. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.471-474. [PDF, 113KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Bitext correspondences through rich mark-up. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 812-818. [PDF, 637KB]

(1998) Raquel Martínez, Joseba Abaitua, & Arantza Casillas: Aligning tagged bitexts. Coling-ACL’98: Sixth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eugene Charniak, 15th-16th August 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp.102-109. [PDF, 608KB]

(1998) I.Dan Melamed: Empirical methods for MT lexicon development. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.18-30. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Adam Meyers, Michiko Kosaka, & Ralph Grishman: A multilingual procedure for dictionary-based sentence alignment. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.187-198. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Philip Resnik: Parallel strands: a preliminary investigation into mining the Web for bilingual text. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.72-82. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Michael Schiehlen: Learning tense translation from bilingual corpora. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1183-1187. [PDF, 410KB]

(1998) Michel Simard: The BAF: a corpus of English-French bitext. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.489-494. [PDF, 68KB]

(1998) Davide Turcato: Automatically creating bilingual lexicons for machine translation from bilingual text. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1299-1306. [PDF, 717KB]

(1998) Dekai Wu & Hongsing Wong: Machine translation with a stochastic grammatical channel. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1408-1415. [PDF, 691KB]

(1997) Ralf D.Brown: Automated dictionary extraction for “knowledge-free” example-based translation. TMI- 97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.111-118. [PDF, 168KB]

(1997) Jason S.Chang & Mathis H.Chen: An alignment method for noisy parallel corpora based on image processing techniques. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 297-304. [PDF, 716KB]

(1997) Mathis H. Chen, Jason S. Chang, Sue J. Ker, & Jen-Nan Chen: TopAlign: word alignment for bilingual corpora based on topical clusters of dictionary entries and translations. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.127-134. [PDF, 458KB]

(1997) Pascale Fung & Kathleen McKeown: Finding terminology translations from non-parallel corpora. Fifth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Joe Zhou and Kenneth Church, 18 August 1997, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 20 August 1997, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong; pp.192-202. [PDF, 709KB]

(1997) Hitoshi Isahara: JEIDA’s bilingual corpus and other corpora for NLP research in Japan. MT Summit VI. Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future.  Proceedings, 29 October – 1 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA; pp. 142-147 [PDF, 188KB]

(1997) I.Dan Melamed: A word-to-word model of translational equivalence. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 490-497. [PDF, 718KB]

(1997) I.Dan Melamed: A portable algorithm for mapping bitext correspondence. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 305-312. [PDF, 714KB]

(1997) Dekai Wu: Stochastic inversion transduction grammars and bilingual parsing of parallel corpora. Computational Linguistics 23 (3), pp. 378-403 [PDF, 1660KB]

(1996) Lars Ahrenberg & Magnus Merkel: On translation corpora and translation support tools: a project report. In Karin Aijmer, Bengt Altenberg & Mats Johansson (eds.) Languages in Contrast. Lund University Press, 1996. 16pp. [PDF, 45KB]

(1996) Jason J.S.Chang, Jen-Nan Chen, Huei-Hong Sheng, & Sur-Jin Ker: Combining machine readable lexical resources and bilingual corpora for broad word sense disambiguation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.115-124 [PDF, 299KB]

(1996) Ilyas Cicekli & H.Altay Güvenir: Learning translation rules from a bilingual corpus. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on New Methods in Language Processing (NeMLaP-2), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, 16-18 September 1996; pp.90-97.  [PDF, 146KB]

(1996) Masahiko Haruno, Satoru Ikehara, & Takefumi Yamazaki: Learning bilingual collocations by word-level sorting. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 525-530. [PDF, 578KB]

(1996) Masahiko Haruno & Takefumi Yamazaki: High-performance bilingual text alignment using statistical and dictionary information. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 131-138. [PDF, 740KB]

(1996) Hiroyuki Kaji & Toshiko Aizono: Extracting word correspondences from bilingual corpora based on word co-occurrence information. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 23-28. [PDF, 543KB]

(1996) Mihoko Kitamura & Yuji Matsumoto: Automatic extraction of word sequence correspondences in parallel corpora. Fourth workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Eva Ejerhed and Ido Dagan, 4 August 1996, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; pp.79-87. [PDF, 883KB]

(1996) Lucie Langlois: Bilingual concordancers:a new tool for bilingual lexicographers. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.34-42 [PDF, 143KB]

(1996) Elliott Macklovitch & Marie-Louise Hannan: Line 'em up: advances in alignment technology and their impact on translation support tools. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.145-156 [PDF, 179KB]

(1996) I. Dan Melamed: Automatic construction of clean broad-coverage translation lexicons.  Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.125-134 [PDF, 431KB]

(1996) I. Dan Melamed: Automatic detection of omissions in translations. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 764-769. [PDF, 566KB]

(1996) Adam Meyers, Roman Yangarber, & Ralph Grishman: Alignment of shared forests for bilingual corpora. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 460-465. [PDF, 475KB]

(1996) Jung H. Shin, Young S. Han, & Key-Sun Choi: Bilingual knowledge acquisition from Korean-English parallel corpus using alignment method (Korean-English alignment at word and phrase level). Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 230-235. [PDF, 480KB]

(1996) Michel Simard & Pierre Plamondon: Bilingual sentence alignment: balancing robustness and accuracy. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.135-144 [PDF, 230KB]

(1996) Frank Smadja, Kathleen R. McKeown, & Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou: Translating collocations for bilingual lexicons: a statistical approach. Computational Linguistics 22 (1), pp. 1-38 [PDF, 2763KB]

(1996) Virach Sornlertlamvanich & Hozumi Tanaka: The automatic extraction of open compounds from text corpora. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1143-1146. [PDF, 364KB]

(1996) Kumiko Tanaka & Hideya Iwasaki: Extraction of lexical translations from non-aligned corpora. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 580-585. [PDF, 563KB]

(1995) Hélčne Corréard: A corpus-based bilingual dictionary: why and how? In: Machine Translation Review, issue 2: October 1995; pp.25-26.

(1995) Pascale Fung: Compiling bilingual lexicon entries from a non-parallel English-Chinese corpus. Third workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church, 30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.173-183. [PDF, 650KB]

(1995) Pascale Fung: A pattern matching method for finding noun and proper noun translations from noisy parallel corpora.  33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.236-243 . [PDF, 631KB]

(1995) Roger Garside: Matching words in a bilingual corpus. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 2: October 1995; pp.7-18

(1995) Elliott Macklovitch: TransCheck - or, the automatic validation of human translation. MT Summit V, Luxembourg, 1995. [PDF,43KB]

(1995) I.Dan Melamed: Automatic evaluation and uniform filter cascades for inducing n-best translation lexicons.  Third workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church, 30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.184-198. [PDF, 933KB]

(1995) Reinhard Rapp: Identifying word translations in non-parallel texts. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.320-322 . [PDF, 265KB]

(1995) Manny Rayner, Pierrette Bouillon, & David Carter: Using corpora to develop limited-domain speech translation systems. Translating and the Computer 17. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 9th and 10th November 1995 (London: Aslib, 1995); 8pp. [PDF, 200KB]

(1995) Keh-Yih Su, Jing-Shin Chang, & Yu-Ling Una Hsu: A corpus-based two-way design for parameterized MT systems: rationale, architecture and training issues. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.334-353. [PDF, 473KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: An algorithm for simultaneously bracketing parallel texts by aligning words. 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 26-30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.244-251 . [PDF, 772KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: Grammarless extraction of phrasal translation examples from parallel texts. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.355-372. [PDF, 340KB]

(1995) Dekai Wu: Trainable coarse bilingual grammars for parallel text bracketing. Third workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church, 30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.69-81. [PDF, 740KB]

(1995) Setsuo Yamada, Hiromi Nakaiwa, Kentaro Ogura & Satoru Ikehara: A method for automatically adapting an MT system to different domains. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.303-310. [PDF, 189KB]

(1994) Susan Armstrong-Warwick: Acquisition and exploitation of textual resources for NLP. In: Current issues in computational linguistics: in honour of Don Walker, ed. Antonio Zampolli, Nicoletta Calzolari, Martha Palmer (Linguistica Computazionale, vol. 9-10); Pisa: Giradini Editori; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, [1994]; pp.451-465. [PDF, 133KB]

(1994) G.Deville, E. Herbigniaux, P. Mousel & G. Thienpont: Reengineering linguistic resources for machine translation in medical applications. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 24-31 [PDF, 142KB]

(1994) Pascale Fung & Kathleen McKeown: Aligning noisy parallel corpora across language groups: word pair feature matching by dynamic time warping. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 81-88. [PDF, 217KB]

(1994) Akira Kumano & Hideki Hirakawa: Building an MT dictionary from parallel texts based on linguistic and statistical information. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 76-81. [PDF, 412KB]

(1994) Elliott Macklovitch: Using bi-textual alignment for translation validation: the TransCheck system. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 157-168. [PDF, 223KB]

(1994) Hideki Tanaka: Verbal case frame acquisition from a bilingual corpus: gradual knowledge acquisition. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 727-731. [PDF, 391KB]

(1994) Takehito Utsuro, Hiroshi Ikeda, Masaya Yamane, Yuji Matsumoto, & Makoto Nagao: Bilingual text matching using bilingual dictionary and statistics. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 1076-1082. [PDF, 511KB]

(1994) Dekai Wu: Aligning a parallel English-Chinese corpus statistically with lexical criteria. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.80-87. [PDF, 643KB]

(1994) Dekai Wu and Xuanyin Xia: Learning an English-Chinese lexicon from a parallel corpus. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 206-213 [PDF, 190KB]

(1994) Ming Zhou & Changning Huang: An efficient syntactic tagging tool for corpora. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 949-955. [PDF, 426KB]

(1993) Jing-Shin Chang & Keh-Yih Su: A corpus-based statistics-oriented transfer and generation model for machine translation. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 3-14. [PDF, 260KB]

(1993) Stanley F. Chen: Aligning sentences in bilingual corpora using lexical information. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.9-16. [PDF, 652KB]

(1993) Kenneth Ward Church: Char_align: a program for aligning parallel texts at the character level. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp. 1-8. [PDF, 625KB]

(1993) Kenneth W. Church & Robert L. Mercer: Introduction to the special issue on using large corpora. Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 1-24 [PDF, 1762KB]

(1993) Shinichi Doi & Kazunori Muraki: Evaluation of DMAX criteria for selecting equivalent translation based on dual corpora statistics. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 302-311. [PDF, 481KB]

(1993) William A. Gale & Kenneth W. Church: A program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora. Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 76-102 [PDF, 1391KB]

(1993) Valerie Grundy & Marie-Hélčne Corréard: Corpus use in bilingual lexicography [abstract of paper] presented at Machine Translation Today: Translating and the Computer 15, 18 November 1993. 3pp. [PDF, 47KB]

(1993) Julien Kupiec: An algorithm for finding noun phrase correspondences in bilingual corpora. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp. 17-22. [PDF, 487KB]

(1993) Yuji Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Ishimoto, & Takehito Utsuro: Structural matching of parallel texts. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.23-30. [PDF, 601KB]

(1993) Teruko Mitamura, Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd, & Jaime G. Carbonell: Automated corpus analysis and the acquisition of large, multi-lingual knowledge bases for MT. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 312-328. [PDF, 281KB]

(1993) Michel Simard, George F.Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora. IBM Center for Advanced Studies Conference (Toronto, Ontario, Canada): Proceedings of the 1993 conference on collaborative research: distributed computing, vol.2, pp. 1071-1082. [PDF, 861KB]

(1993) Pim van der Eijk: Automating the acquisition of bilingual terminology. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; pp. 113-119. [PDF, 859KB]

(1993) Hideo Watanabe: A method for extracting translation patterns from translation examples. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 292-301. [PDF, 322KB]

(1992) Fathi Debili & Elyčs Sammouda : Aligning sentences in bilingual texts : French-English and French-Arabic. [English and Arabic abstract]. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; p. 517. [PDF, 53KB]; full French text [PDF, 521KB]

(1992) Shinichi Doi & Kazunori Muraki: Translation ambiguity resolution based on text corpora of source and target languages. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 525-531. [PDF, 428KB]

(1992) William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church, & David Yarowsky: One sense per discourse.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); pp. 233-237. [PDF, 883KB]

(1992) William A. Gale, Kenneth W. Church, & David Yarowsky: Using bilingual materials to develop word sense disambiguation methods Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.101-112. [PDF, 291KB]

(1992) Pierre Isabelle: Bi-textual aids for translators. Proceedings of the Eight Annual Conference of the UW Centre for the New OED and Text Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada, 1992; 15pp. [PDF, 101KB]

(1992) Hiroyuki Kaji, Yuuko Kida, & Yasutsugu Morimoto: Learning translation templates from bilingual text. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 672-678. [PDF, 410KB]

(1992) Satoshi Sato: CTM: an example-based translation aid system. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1259-1263. [PDF, 318KB]

(1992) Michel Simard, George F. Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.67-81. [PDF, 270KB]

(1992) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Sofia Ananiadou, Iris Arad, & Satoshi Sekine: Linguistic knowledge acquisition from corpora. International Workshop on Fundamental Research for the Future Generation of Natural Language Processing (FGNLP): Proceedings, 30-31 July 1992, Hotel Dominion, Manchester; Sofia Ananiadou, editor (Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST); pp.61-81. [PDF, 121KB]

(1992) Takehito Utsuro, Yuji Matsumoto, & Makoto Nagao: Lexical knowledge acquisition from bilingual corpora. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 581-587. [PDF, 481KB]

(1991) Peter F. Brown, Jennifer C.Lai, & Robert L. Mercer: Aligning sentences in parallel corpora. 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.169-176. [PDF, 669KB]

(1991) William A. Gale & Kenneth W. Church: A program for aligning sentences in bilingual corpora.  29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.177-184. [PDF, 612KB]

(1990) Judith Klavans & Evelyne Tzoukermann: The BICORD system: combining lexical information from bilingual corpora and machine readable dictionaries. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 174-179. [PDF, 569KB]

(1990) Victor Sadler: The bilingual knowledge bank (BKB): a new foundation for machine translation. [Utrecht: private publication, June 1990].46pp. [PDF, 4579KB]

(1990) Victor Sadler & Ronald Vendelmans: Pilot implementation of a bilingual knowledge bank. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 449-451. [PDF, 365KB]

Bi-text see Bilingual corpora

Book reviews

(1999) Alex Gross: Two German books about machine translation. Translation Journal, vol. 3, no.3, July 1999. 4pp. [PDF, 101KB]

(1999) Derek Lewis: [review of] Gregory Grefenstette (ed) Cross-language information retrieval (Kluwer, 1998). In: Machine Translation Review, issue 10: October 1999; pp.26-27. [PDF]

(1998) Derek Lewis: [review of] Colin Hayes: Breaking down the language barriers (Aslib, 1998). In: Machine Translation Review, issue 8: October 1998; pp.35-37. [PDF]

(1998) Geoffrey Sampson:  Book review: From grammar to science: new foundations for general linguistics [by] Victor H.Yngve. Computational Linguistics 24 (1), pp. 173-176 [PDF, 2326KB]

(1998) Frank van Eynde: [review of] Machine translation and translation theory, Christa Hauenschild and Susanne Heizmann (eds.). Computational Linguistics 24 (3), pp. 516-519 [PDF, 312KB]

(1996) Colin Brace: Ovum's translation tools report [part 1]. In: MT News International no.13, February 1996.

(1996) Jackie Murgida: Ovum's report on translation technology products, part II. In: MT News International no.14, June 1996.

(1996) Inderjeet Mani: [review of] Machine translation and the lexicon [ed.by] Petra Steffens (Springer Verlag, 1995). Computational Linguistics 22 (2), pp. 271-273 [PDF, 240KB]

(1996) Klaus Schubert: Melby on MT semantics: [review of] Alan K.Melby: The possibility of language... 1995. In: MT News International no.14, June 1996.

(1995) Bonnie J. Dorr: [review of] Compositional translation [by] M.T.Rosetta (pseud.) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994). Computational Linguistics 21 (4), pp. 582-589 [PDF, 597KB]

(1995) Susanne Heizmann: [review of] Machine translation: an introductory guide [by] D.Arnold et al. (NCC Blackwell, 1994). Computational Linguistics 21 (4), pp. 577-578 [PDF, 131KB]

(1995) Derek Lewis: [review of] Doug Arnold et al.: Machine translation: an introductory guide (NCC/Blackwell, 1994). In: Machine Translation Review, issue 1: April 1995; pp. 32-33.

(1995) Tsuyoshi Morimoto: [review of] Verbmobil: a translation system for face-to-face dialog [by] Martin Kay et al. (CSLI, 1994). Computational Linguistics 21 (2), pp. 272-273 [PDF, 303KB]

(1995) Catharine Scott: [review of] W.John Hutchins and Harold L.Somers: An introduction to machine translation (Academic Press, 1992). In: Machine Translation Review, issue 2: October 1995; pp.35-36.

(1995) Nigel Ward: [review of] Speech-to-speech translation: a massively parallel memory-based approach [by] Hiroaki Kitano (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994). Computational Linguistics 21 (4), pp. 590-592 [PDF, 242KB]

(1994) Daniel Radzinski: [review of] Machine translation: a view from the lexicon [by] Bonnie Jean Dorr (MIT Press, 1992). Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 670-676 [PDF, 507KB]

(1994) The good (and the bad) news about machine translation. [review: Arnold et al. Machine translation: an introductory guide]. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.19, January-February 1994; p.16. [PDF, 80KB]

(1993) Steven Lytinen: [review of] Machine translation: a knowledge-based approach [by] Sergei Nirenburg et al. (Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); and of: The KBMT project: a case study in knowledge-based machine translation, [ed.by] Kenneth Goodman and Sergei Nirenburg (Morgan Kaufmann, 1991). Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 207-209 [PDF, 196KB]

(1993) Gudrún Magnúsdóttir: [review of] An introduction to machine translation [by] W.John Hutchins and Harold L.Somers (Academic Press, 1992). Computational Linguistics 19 (2), pp. 383-384 [PDF, 122KB]

(1993) Victor Sadler: [review of] Lexical acquisition: exploiting on-line resources to build a lexicon [ed. by] Uri Zernik (Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991). Computational Linguistics 19 (1), pp. 214-216 [PDF, 206KB]

(1990) Dominique Estival: [review of] Machine translation: how far can it go? [by] Makoto Nagao (Oxford University Press, 1989). Computational Linguistics 16 (3), pp. 182-184 [PDF, 358KB]

Books on MT

(1994) D.Arnold, L.Balkan, R.Lee Humphreys, S.Meijer, & L.Sadler: Machine translation: an introductory guide. Manchester/Oxford: NCC Blackwell, 1994. viii, 240pp. [PDF files]

(1992) W.John Hutchins & Harold L.Somers: An introduction to machine translation. London: Academic Press. xxi, 362pp. [PDF]

Case-based methods

(1998) Michael Carl: A constructivist approach to machine translation. New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (NeMLaP3/CoNLL98). Editor: David M.W.Powers, Macquarie University, Januray 11-17, 1998; pp. 247-256. [PDF, 985KB]

(1997) Bróna Collins & Pádraig Cunningham: Adaptation guided retrieval: approaching EBMT with caution. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.119-126. [PDF, 220KB]

(1997) Harold Somers, Bill Black, Joakim Nivre, Torbjörn Lager, Annarosa Multari, Luca Gilardoni, Jeremy Ellman, & Alex Rogers: Multilingual generation and summarization of job adverts: the TREE project.  Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.33-40. [PDF, 845KB]

(1996) Bróna Collins, Pádraig Cunningham, & Tony Veale: An example-based approach to machine translation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.1-13 [PDF, 259KB]

(1992) Hiroshi Nomiyama: Machine translation by case generalization. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 714-720. [PDF, 381KB]

(1992) Hideo Watanabe: A similarity-driven transfer system. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 770-776. [PDF, 406KB]

Case grammar

(1999) Timothy Baldwin & Hozumi Tanaka: Argument status in Japanese verb sense disambiguation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 196-206 [PDF, 239KB]

(1999) Timothy Baldwin, Francis Bond & Ben Hutchinson: A valency dictionary architecture for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 207-217 [PDF, 261KB]

(1999) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Kayo Seki: Automatic addition of verbal semantic attributes to a Japanese-to-English valency transfer dictionary.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 185-195 [PDF, 231KB]

(1997) Tsutomu Fujinami: Combining situated reasoning with semantic transfer minimally.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.92-93. [PDF, 116KB]

(1997) Kazunori Muraki, Shin’ichiro Kamei, & Shinichi Doi: A left-to-right breadth-first algorithm for subcategorization frame selection of Japanese verbs. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.168-175. [PDF, 160KB]

(1996) Naoyuki Nomura & Kazunori Muraki: An empirical architecture for verb subcategorization frame: a lexicon for a real-world scale Japanese-English interlingual MT. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 640-645. [PDF, 573KB]

(1994) Hideki Tanaka: Verbal case frame acquisition from a bilingual corpus: gradual knowledge acquisition. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 727-731. [PDF, 391KB]

(1993) Nicholas Ostler: Perception vocabulary in five languages – towards an analysis using frame elements. In: Machine translation and the lexicon: Third international EAMT workshop, Heidelberg, Germany, April 26-28 1993, Proceedings (Berlin: Springer, 1995); pp.219-230. [abstract]

(1992) Geert Adriaens & Gert de Braekeleer: Converting large on-line valency dictionaries for NLP applications: from PROTON descriptions to METAL frames. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1182-1186. [PDF, 443KB]

(1992) Masahiko Ishikawa & Ryoichi Sugimura: Natural language analysis using a network model - Modification Deciding Network Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.55-66. [PDF, 232KB]

(1992) Makoto Nagao: Some rationales and methodologies for example-based approach. International Workshop on Fundamental Research for the Future Generation of Natural Language Processing (FGNLP): Proceedings, 30-31 July 1992, Hotel Dominion, Manchester; Sofia Ananiadou, editor (Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST); pp.82-94. [PDF, 123KB]

(1992) Hiromi Nakaiwa & Satoru Ikehara: Zero pronoun resolution in a Japanese to English machine translation system using verbal semantic attributes.  Third conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1992, Trento, Italy;  pp.201-208. [PDF, 802KB]

(1992) Takehito Utsuro, Yuji Matsumoto, & Makoto Nagao: Lexical knowledge acquisition from bilingual corpora. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 581-587. [PDF, 481KB]

(1991) N.Venkata Subramaniam, N.Alwar, G.Mallikarjuna, P.Prabhakar Rao, & S.Raman: Bidirectional machine translation in Indian languages. Eurospeech ’91 Second European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Genova, Italy, September 24-26, 1991; pp.1067-1070; abstract [PDF, 28KB]

Categorial grammar

(1998) Daniel D. Sleator & Davy Temperley: Parsing English with a link grammar. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 8: October 1998; pp.15-34. [PDF]

(1994) Barbara Gawrońska, Christer Johansson, Anders Nordner, & Caroline Willners: Interpreting compounds for machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 45-50. [PDF, 498KB]

(1994) Stefan Svenberg: Representing conceptual and linguistic knowledge for multi-lingual generation in a technical domain. Seventh international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, June 21-24, 1994, Nonantun Inn, Kennebunkport, Maine; pp. 245-248. [PDF, 355KB]

(1961) W. Smoke & E. Dubinsky: A program for the machine translation of natural languages.  Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.2-10. [PDF, 233KB]

Causation

(1994) Liesbeth Degand: Towards an account of causation in a multilingual text generation system. Seventh international workshop on Natural Language Generation, Proceedings, June 21-24, 1994, Nonantun Inn, Kennebunkport, Maine; pp. 108-116. [PDF, 892KB]

Character alignment

(1993) Kenneth Ward Church: Char_align: a program for aligning parallel texts at the character level. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp. 1-8. [PDF, 625KB]

Chart parsing

(1999) Martin Kay: Chart translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 9-14. [PDF, 189KB]

(1997) Arturo Trujillo: Determining internal and external indices for chart generation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.143-150. [PDF, 370KB]

(1997) Jan W.Amtrup: Layered charts for speech translation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.192-199. [PDF, 185KB]

(1996) Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: Incremental translation utilizing constituent boundary patterns. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 412-417. [PDF, 561KB]

(1996) Martin Kay: Chart generation. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 200-204. [PDF, 414KB]

(1995) Jan W. Amtrup: Chart-based incremental transfer in machine translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.188-195 [PDF, 198KB]

(1994) Jan W.Amtrup: Perspectives for incremental MT with charts. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.211-222.

(1994) Christian Boitet & Mark Seligman: The “whiteboard” architecture: a way to integrate heterogeneous components of NLP systems. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 426-430. [PDF, 511KB]

Closely related languages

(1990) Alla Bémová & Vladislav Kuboň: Czech-to-Russian transducing dictionary. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 314-316. [PDF, 261KB]

Cognates

(1993) Kenneth Ward Church: Char_align: a program for aligning parallel texts at the character level. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp. 1-8. [PDF, 625KB]

(1993) Pierre Isabelle, Marc Dymetman, George Foster, Jean-Marc Jutras, Elliott Macklovitch, François Perrault, Xiaobo Ren & Michel Simard: Translation analysis and translation automation. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 201-217. [PDF, 772KB]

(1993) Pierre Isabelle, Marc Dymetman, George Foster, Jean-Marc Jutras, Elliott Macklovitch, François Perrault, Xiaobo Ren & Michel Simard: Translation analysis and translation automation. IBM Center for Advanced Studies Conference (Toronto, Ontario, Canada): Proceedings of the 1993 conference on collaborative research: distributed computing, vol.2, pp. 1133-1147. [PDF, 1090KB]

(1993) Michel Simard, George F.Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora. IBM Center for Advanced Studies Conference (Toronto, Ontario, Canada): Proceedings of the 1993 conference on collaborative research: distributed computing, vol.2, pp. 1071-1082. [PDF, 861KB]

(1992) Michel Simard, George F. Foster, & Pierre Isabelle: Using cognates to align sentences in bilingual corpora Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.67-81. [PDF, 270KB]

Cognitive linguistics

(1999) Barbara Gawronska, Jaana Anttila & Dan-Ivar Jacobsson: Mental spaces, space builders and bilingual summarization of news reports. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 1-10 [PDF, 210KB]

(1997) Dina Belyayeva: The model of conceptual structure mapping: a psycholinguistic approach to interlingual representation.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 1-10. [PDF, 164KB]

(1993) Nili Mandelblit: Machine translation: a cognitive linguistics approach. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 117-130. [PDF, 184KB]

(1992) Cornelia Zelinsky-Wibbelt: Exploiting linguistic iconism for article selection in machine translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 792-798. [PDF, 480KB]

Cohesion see Reference

Collaboration

(1999) Antonio Sanfilippo, Shuo Bai, Roberto Cencioni, Akira Izumi, Gary Strong, & Dimitri Theologitis: Human language technologies for the information society: role, plans and visions of funding agencies.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 191-193. [PDF, 167KB]

(1998) Yorick Wilks: Some notes on the state of the art: where are we now in MT, what works and what doesn’t? And the role of MT as an international collaborative activity. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 8: October 1998; pp.6-14. [PDF]

(1994) Yorick Wilks: Some notes on the state of the art: Where are we now in MT: what works and what doesn’t? And the role MT as an international collaborative activity. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 110KB]

(1992) Margaret King: International working group on MT evaluation [with discussion]. In: MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop..., 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; pp. 4-7 [PDF, 111KB]

Collocations see Multiword expressions

Commercial aspects see index of applications

Comparatives

(1990) Manny Rayner & Amelia Banks: An implementable semantics for comparative constructions. Computational Linguistics 16 (2), pp. 85-112 [PDF, 2326KB]

Compositionality

(1999) Xiaojie Wang & Yixin Zhong: A new way to conceptual meaning representation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 518-521. [PDF, 134KB]

(1998) Michael Carl: A constructivist approach to machine translation. New Methods in Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning (NeMLaP3/CoNLL98). Editor: David M.W.Powers, Macquarie University, Januray 11-17, 1998; pp. 247-256. [PDF, 985KB]

(1998) Jan Landsbergen: Compositional translation revisted. Proceedings of the 10th European Summer School on Logic, Linguistics and Information (ESSLLI), Saarbrücken, 24-28 August 1998: Workshop on machine translation. [PDF,74KB]

(1997) Bonnie J.Dorr & Mari Broman Olsen: Deriving verbal and compositional lexical aspect for NLP applications. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 151-158. [PDF, 689KB]

(1996) Johan Bos, Björn Gambäck, Christian Lieske, Yoshiki Mori, Manfred Pinkal, & Karsten Worm: Compositional semantics in Verbmobil. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 131-136. [PDF, 511KB]

(1995) Bonnie J. Dorr: [review of] Compositional translation [by] M.T.Rosetta (pseud.) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994). Computational Linguistics 21 (4), pp. 582-589 [PDF, 597KB]

(1994) Louis des Tombe: Compensation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.157-173.

(1991) Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter, Manny Rayner, & Björn Gambäck: Translation by quasi logical form transfer. 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 18-21 June 1991, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; pp.161-168. [PDF, 669KB]

(1991) Björn Gambäck, Manny Rayner, Hiyan Alshawi & David Carter: Measuring compositionality of transfer.  Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO); pp. 181-184. [PDF, 189KB]

(1991) Björn Gambäck, Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter & Manny Rayner: Measuring compositionality in transfer-based machine translation systems. In: Jeanette  G.Neal and Sharon M.Walter (eds.): Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation Workshop, Calspan-UB Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 18 June 1991; pp.141-145. [PDF, 322KB]

(1990) Marc Dymetman, Pierre Isabelle, & François Perrault: A symmetrical approach to parsing and generation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 90-96. [PDF, 671KB]

(1990) Taijiro Tsutsumi: Wide-range restructuring of intermediate representations in machine translation. Computational Linguistics 16 (2), pp. 71-78. [PDF, 764KB]

Compound nouns see Nouns and noun phrases

Concordances

(1996) Lucie Langlois: Bilingual concordancers:a new tool for bilingual lexicographers. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.34-42 [PDF, 143KB]

(1993) Pierre Isabelle: Machine-aided human translation and the paradigm shift MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.177-179 [PDF, 114KB]

(1992) A.Winarske, S.Warwick-Armstrong, & J.Hajič: Tagging and alignment of parallel texts: current status of BCP.  Third conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1992, Trento, Italy;  pp.209-215. [PDF, 190KB]

Conference reports [for conference proceedings see list of conferences]

(1994) Clifford J.Weinstein: Overview of the 1994 ARPA Human Language Technology workshop. Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 8-11, 1994. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994); pp.3-5. [PDF, 231KB]

(1994) LISA: back for more. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.21, May-June 1994; p.7. [PDF, 92KB]

(1993) Madeleine Bates: Overview of the ARPA Human Language Technology workshop. Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 21-24, 1993. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993); pp.3-4. [PDF, 184KB]

(1993) A hot date with LISA. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.15, May-June 1993; p.8. [PDF, 91KB]

(1993) MT Summit IV. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.17, September-October 1993; pp.4-6. [PDF, 97KB]

(1993) TMI’93 notes. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.17, September-October 1993; pp.13-14. [PDF, 83KB]

(1992) John Hutchins: The first MT conference. In: MT News International no. 2, May 1992.

(1992) Mitchell P. Marcus: Overview of the Fifth DARPA Speech and Natural Language workshop.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); pp. 3-4. [PDF, 188KB]

(1992) Steven Richardson: TMI’92: a second opinion. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.12, November-December 1992; p.10. [PDF, 106KB]

(1992) Tony Whitecomb: Statistical methods gaining ground. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.11, Sept-Oct 1992; pp.1-3. [PDF, 106KB]

(1992) MT systems galore in San Diego. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.12, November-December 1992; p.2. [PDF, 106KB]

(1992) Translators still in the loop. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.12, November-December 1992; pp.1-4. [PDF, 106KB]

(1991) Patti Price: Overview of the Fourth DARPA Speech and Natural Language workshop.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Pacific Grove, California, USA, February 19-22, 1991. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1991); pp. 3-4. [PDF, 251KB]

(1991) The third MT Summit. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.5, September -October 1991; p.7. [PDF, 95KB]

(1991) MT evaluator’s forum. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.3, May-June 1991; p.5. [PDF, 97KB]

(1990) Richard M. Stern: Overview of the Third DARPA Speech and Natural language workshop. Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, USA, June 24-27, 1990. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990); p. 3. [PDF, 108KB]

Confidence estimation

(1999) Arendse Bernth: A confidence index for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 109-119 [PDF, 158KB]

(1999) Arendse Bernth: Controlling input and output of MT for greater user acceptance. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 10pp. [PDF, 93KB]

Conjunctions

(1996) Eric M. Visser & Masaru Fuji: Using sentence connectors for evaluating MT output. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1066-1069. [PDF, 411KB]

(1994) Sadao Kurohashi & Makoto Nagao: A syntactic analysis method of long Japanese sentences based on the detection of conjunctive structures. Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 508-534 [PDF, 1681KB]

Connectionism see Neural networks

Context-free grammars

(1996) Koichi Takeda: Pattern-based machine translation. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1155-1158. [PDF, 484KB]

(1996) Koichi Takeda: Pattern-based context-free grammars for machine translation. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 144-176. [PDF, 769KB]

Controlled languages see index of applications

Conversation see Dialogue

Coordination

(1994) Sadao Kurohashi & Makoto Nagao: A syntactic analysis method of long Japanese sentences based on the detection of conjunctive structures. Computational Linguistics 20 (4), pp. 508-534 [PDF, 1681KB]

(1994) Akitoshi Okumura & Kazunori Muraki: Symmetric pattern matching analysis for English coordinate structures. Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.41-46. [PDF, 558KB]

(1992) Satoshi Kinoshita, John Phillips, & Jun-ichi Tsujii: Interaction between structural changes in machine translation.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); pp. 255-260. [PDF, 929KB]

(1992) Akitoshi Okumura, Kazunori Muraki, & Kiyoshi Yamabana: A pattern-learning based, hybrid model for the syntactic analysis of structural relationships among Japanese clauses  Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.45-54 [PDF, 184KB]

Corpora see Bilingual corpora

Corpus-based MT see Example-based methods, Statistical MT

Countability see Number (singular, plural)

Cross-language information retrieval see index of applications

Data elicitation

(1998) Sergei Nirenburg & Victor Raskin: Universal grammar and lexis for quick ramp-up of MT systems. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 975-979. [PDF, 459KB]

Definite Clause Grammar

(1992) Barbara Gawrońska: Aspect – a problem for MT. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 652-657. [PDF, 461KB]

(1992) Bengt Sigurd, Caroline Willners, Mats Eeg-Olofsson, & Christer Johansson: Deep comprehension, generation and translation of weather forecasts (Weathra). Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 749-755. [PDF, 341KB]

(1990) Tomek Strzalkowski & Ping Peng: Automated inversion of logic grammars for generation.  28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp. 212-219. [PDF, 415KB]

Dependency relations

(1999) Ulrich Germann: A deterministic dependency parser for Japanese.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 547-555. [PDF, 136KB]

(1999) Satoru Ikehara, Shinnji Nakai, & Jin’ichi Murakami: Automatic generation of semantic dependency rules for Japanese noun phrases with particles “no”.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 55-65 [PDF, 270KB]

(1999) Kiyotaka Uchimoto, Satoshi Sekine, & Hitoshi Isahara: Japanese dependency structure analysis based on maximum entropy models. EACL’99: Ninth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 8-12 June 1999, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; pp. 196-203. [PDF, 685KB]

(1999) Masahiro Ueki, Takenobu Tokunaga, & Hozumi Tanaka: Sharing syntactic structures. Machine  Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 543-546. [PDF, 138KB]

(1999) Dekai Wu, Jun Zhao, & Zhifang Sui: An information-theoretic empirical analysis of dependency-based feature types for word prediction models. Joint SIGDAT conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. Pascale Fung and Joe Zhou, 21-22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; pp.29-37. [PDF, 655KB]

(1998) Seungmi Lee & Key-Sun Choi: Automatic acquisition of language model based on head-dependent relation between words. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 723-727. [PDF, 402KB]

(1998) Shinsuke Mori & Makoto Nagao: A stochastic language model using dependency and its improvement by word clustering. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 898-904. [PDF, 538KB]

(1998) Daniel D. Sleator & Davy Temperley: Parsing English with a link grammar. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 8: October 1998; pp.15-34. [PDF]

(1997) Hiyan Alshawi, Adam L.Buchsbaum, & Fei Xia: A comparison of head transducers and transfer for a limited domain translation application. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 360-365. [PDF, 523KB]

(1996) Hiyan Alshawi: Head automata and bilingual tiling: translation with minimal representations. Invited talk at: 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 167-176. [PDF, 1031KB]

(1996) Harri Arnola, Kaarina Hyvönen, Jukka-Pekka Juntunen, Tim Linnanvirta, & Petteri Suoranta: Kielikone Finnish-English MT system TranSmart in practical use. Translating and the Computer 18. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 14 & 15 November 1996 (London: Aslib, 1996); 17pp. [PDF, 200KB]

(1994) Hiyan Alshawi: Qualitative and quantitative models of speech translation. The balancing act: combining symbolic and statistical approaches to language. Proceedings of the workshop, 1 July 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico. (ACL, 1994); pp.1-10. [PDF, 1538KB]

(1994) Fathi Debili, Elyčs Sammouda, & Adnane Zribi: Using syntactic dependencies for word alignment.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.188-189. [PDF, 190KB]

(1993) Satoshi Kinoshita, Miwako Shimazu, & Hideki Hirakawa: Better translation with knowledge extracted from source text. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 240-251. [PDF, 170KB]

(1993) Yuji Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Ishimoto, & Takehito Utsuro: Structural matching of parallel texts. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.23-30. [PDF, 601KB]

(1992) Louisa Sadler & Doug Arnold: A constraint-based approach to translating anaphoric dependencies. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 728- 734. [PDF, 400KB]

(1992) Mitsugu Miura, Mikito Hirata, & Nami Hoshino: Learning mechanism in machine translation system “PIVOT”. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 693-699. [PDF, 331KB]

(1990) Victor Sadler: The bilingual knowledge bank (BKB): a new foundation for machine translation. [Utrecht: private publication, June 1990].46pp. [PDF, 4579KB]

Dialects and registers

(1999) Jack Halpern & Jouni Kerman: The pitfalls and complexities of Chinese to Chinese conversion. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 458-466. [PDF, 541KB]

(1998) Xiaoheng Zhang: Dialect MT: a case study between Cantonese and Mandarin. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1460-1464. [PDF, 429KB]

Dialogue

(1999) Christian Boitet: Dialogue-based MT and self-explaining documents as an alternative to MAHT and MT of controlled languages. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 10: October 1999; pp.6-15. [PDF]

(1999) Toshiyuki Takezawa, Fumiaki Sugaya, Akio Yokoo, & Seiichi Yamamoto: A new evaluation method for speech translation systems and a case study on ATR-MATRIX from Japanese to English. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 239KB]

(1999) Hideki Tanaka & Akio Yokoo: An efficient statistical speech act type tagging system for speech translation systems. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.381-388. [PDF, 746KB]

(1998) Jan Alexandersson & Peter Poller: Towards multilingual protocol generation for spontaneous speech dialogues. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 198-207. [PDF, 822KB]

(1998) Tilman Becker, Wolfgang Finkler, Anne Kilger, & Peter Poller: An efficient kernel for multilingual generation in speech-to-speech dialogue translation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 110-116. [PDF, 664KB]

(1998) Munpyo Hong: Multiple-subject constructions in the multilingual MT-system CAT2. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.174-186. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Hideki Mima, Hitoshi Iida, & Osamu Furuse: Simultaneous interpretation utilizing example-based incremental transfer. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 855-861. [PDF, 643KB]

(1998) Carolyn Penstein Rosé & Lori S.Levin: An interactive domain independent approach to robust dialogue interpretation. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1129-1135. [PDF, 691KB]

(1998) Yamamoto Kazuhide & Sumita Eiichiro: Feasibility study for ellipsis resolution in dialogues by machine-learning technique. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1428-1435. [PDF, 709KB]

(1997) Jan Alexandersson, Norbert Reithinger, & Elisabeth Maier: Insights into the dialogue processing of VERBMOBIL.  Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.33-40. [PDF, 2136KB]

(1997) Jae-won Lee, Gil Chang Kim, & Jungyun Seo: A dialogue analysis model with statistical speech act processing for dialogue machine translation.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 10-15. [PDF, 481KB]

(1997) Young-Suk Lee, Clifford Weinstein, Dinesh Tummala, Linda Kukolich, & Stephanie Seneff: Simplification of nomenclature leads to an ideal IL for human language communication. Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 71-72. [PDF, 86KB]

(1997) Hideki Mima, Osamu Furuse, Yumi Wakita, & Hitoshi Iida: Multi-lingual spoken dialog translation system using transfer-driven machine translation. MT Summit VI. Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future.  Proceedings, 29 October – 1 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA; pp. 148-155 [PDF, 198KB]

(1997) Hideki Mima, Osamu Furuse, & Hotoshi Iida: A situation-based approach to spoken dialog translation between different social roles. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.176-183. [PDF, 197KB]

(1997) Birte Schmitz: Eliminating traces of spoken language production in automatic dialogue interpreting. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.184-191. [PDF, 152KB]

(1997) Mark Seligman: Six issues in speech translation. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 83-91. [PDF, 614KB]

 (1997) Maite Taboada: Improving translation through contextual information. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 510-512. [PDF, 261KB]

(1996) Christian Boitet & Mutsuko Tomokiyo: Theory and practice of ambiguity labelling with a view to interactive disambiguation in text and speech MT. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 119-124. [PDF, 637KB]

(1996) Johan Bos, Björn Gambäck, Christian Lieske, Yoshiki Mori, Manfred Pinkal, & Karsten Worm: Compositional semantics in Verbmobil. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 131-136. [PDF, 511KB]

(1996) Michael Dorna & Martin C.Emele: Semantic-based transfer. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 316-321. [PDF, 645KB]

(1996) Alon Lavie, Lori Levin, Yan Qu, Alex Waibel, Donna Gates, Marsal Gavaldŕ, Laura Mayfield, & Maite Taboada: Dialogue processing in a conversational speech translation system. Proceedings of ICSLP-1996, Philadelphia, PA, October 1996; 4pp. [PDF, 106KB]

(1995) Jan Alexandersson, Elisabeth Maier, & Norbert Reithinger: A robust and efficient three-layered dialogue component for a speech-to-speech translation system. Seventh conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, March 27-31, 1995, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; pp. 188-193. [PDF, 593KB]

(1995) Hitoshi Iida: Spoken dialogue translation technologies and speech translation. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 1p. [abstract only] [PDF, 88KB]

(1995) L.J. Mayfield, M. Gavalda, Y-H. Seo, B. Suhm, W. Ward, & A. Waibel: Concept-based parsing for speech translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.196-205. [PDF, 179KB]

(1995) Tsuyoshi Morimoto: [review of] Verbmobil: a translation system for face-to-face dialog [by] Martin Kay et al. (CSLI, 1994). Computational Linguistics 21 (2), pp. 272-273 [PDF, 303KB]

(1995) J. Joachim Quantz, Uwe Kuessner, & Manfred Gehrke: Domain modeling for machine translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.115-122. [PDF, 156KB]

(1995) Birte Schmitz & J. Joachim Quantz: Dialogue acts in automatic dialogue interpreting. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.33-47. [PDF, 228KB]

(1995) Wolfgang Wahlster: Verbmobil: towards a DRT-based translation of spontaneous negotiation dialogues. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 1p. [abstract only] [PDF, 29KB]

(1994) Birgit Apfelbaum & Cecilia Wadensjö: How does a Verbmobil affect conversation? Discourse analysis and machine-supported translatory interaction. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.93-122.

(1994) Christian Boitet: Dialogue-Based MT and self-explaining documents as an alternative to MAHT and MT of controlled languages. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 164KB]

(1994) Susanne Heizmann: Human strategies in translation and interpretation - What MT can learn from translators. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 452KB]

(1994) Susanne Jekat: Automatic interpreting of dialogue acts. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.145-155.

(1994) Susann LuperFoy: Discourse processing for voice-to-voice machine translation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.223-250.

(1994) Scott McGlashan: The role of semantics in spoken dialogue translation systems. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 814KB]

(1994) Birte Prahl & Susanne Petzolt: Translation problems and translation strategies involved in human and machine translation: empirical studies. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.123-144.

(1994) Birte Schmitz: The translation objective in automatic dialogue interpreting. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.193-210.

(1994) Yasuhiro Sobashima, Osamu Furuse, Susumu Akamine, Jun Kawai, & Hitoshi Iida: A bidirectional, transfer-driven machine translation system for spoken dialogues. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 64-68. [PDF, 403KB]

(1993) Norman M.Fraser: The SUNDIAL speech understanding and dialogue project: results and implications for translation.  Machine Translation Today: Translating and the Computer 15. Papers presented at a conference… 18-19 November 1993, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1993); pp.165-179. [PDF, 105KB]

(1993) Tsuyoshi Morimoto & Akira Kurematsu: Automatic speech translation at ATR MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.83-96 [PDF, 305KB]

(1993) Wolfgang Wahlster: Verbmobil: translation of face-to-face dialogs MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.127-135 [PDF, 208KB]

(1992) Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter, Steve Pulman, Manny Rayner, & Björn Gambäck: English-Swedish translation [of] dialogue software. Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.165-174. [PDF, 73KB]

(1992) Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: Cooperation between transfer and analysis in example-based framework. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 645-651. [PDF, 440KB]

 (1992) Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: Transfer-driven machine translation. International Workshop on Fundamental Research for the Future Generation of Natural Language Processing (FGNLP): Proceedings, 30-31 July 1992, Hotel Dominion, Manchester; Sofia Ananiadou, editor (Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST); pp.95-111. [PDF, 178KB]

(1992) Masami Suzuki: A method of utilizing domain and language specific constraints in dialogue translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 756-762. [PDF, 467KB]

(1991) Hiroaki Kitano: Φ DM Dialog: an experimental speech-to-speech dialog translation system. Computer, vol.24, no.6, June 1991; pp. 36-50. [abstract] [PDF, 72KB]

(1990) Hiyan Alshawi & David Carter: Interactive translation using quasi logical forms. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 15pp. [PDF, 118KB]

(1990) William J.Black: Running a robust dialogue system. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 9pp. [PDF, 52KB]; [abstract in Rapportage]

(1990) Christian Boitet: Towards personal MT: general design, dialogue structure, potential role of speech. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 30-35. [PDF, 701KB]

(1990) Hitoshi Iida, Takayuki Yamaoka, & Hidekazu Arita: Three typed pragmatics for dialogue structure analysis. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 370-372. [PDF, 374KB]

(1990) Kiyoshi Kogure, Masako Kume, & Hitoshi Iida: Illocutionary act based translation of dialogues. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.47-55. [PDF, 161KB] 

(1990) Ikuo Kudo: Local cohesive knowledge for a dialogue-machine translation system. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 391-393. [PDF, 297KB]

(1990) Harold L.Somers, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Danny Jones: Machine translation without a source text. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 271-276. [PDF, 611KB]

(1990) Yoshihiro Ueda & Kiyoshi Kogure: Generation for dialogue translation using typed feature structure unification. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.1, pp. 64-66. [PDF, 270KB]

Dictionaries see Lexical resources

Direct translation approach

(1999) Hui-Feng Li, Namwon Heo, Kyoungbi Moon, & Jong-Hyeok Lee: The use of abstracted knowledge from an automatically sense-tagged corpus for lexical transfer ambiguity resolution.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 390-396. [PDF, 254KB]

(1997) Hiyan Alshawi, Adam L.Buchsbaum, & Fei Xia: A comparison of head transducers and transfer for a limited domain translation application. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 360-365. [PDF, 523KB]

(1994) PC-Translator. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17-18 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 6 slides [PDF, 109KB]

Disambiguation (see also Word sense disambiguation)

(1999) Christian Boitet: A research perspective on how to democratize machine translation and translation aids aiming at high quality final output.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp.125-133. [PDF, 200KB]

(1999) Hsin-Hsi Chen, Guo-Wei Bian, & Wen-Cheng Lin: Resolving translation ambiguity and target polysemy in cross-language information retrieval. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.215-222. [PDF, 1025KB]

(1999) Feng-Long Hwang & Ming-Shing Yu: Resolving category ambiguity of non-text symbols in Mandarin text. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 633-640. [PDF, 342KB]

(1999) Hitoshi Isahara & Kyoko Kanzaki: Lexical semantics to disambiguate polysemous phenomena of Japanese adnominal constituents. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.489-496. [PDF, 666KB]

(1999) Myung-Gil Jang, Sung Hyon Myaeng, & Se Young Park: Using mutual information to resolve query translation ambiguities and query term weighting. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.223-229. [PDF, 547KB]

(1999) Martin Kay: Chart translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 9-14. [PDF, 189KB]

(1999) Teruko Mitamura, Eric Nyberg, Enrique Torrejon & Robert Igo: Multiple strategies for automatic disambiguation in technical translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 218-227 [PDF, 222KB]

(1998) Katerina Antonopoulou: Resolving ambiguities in SYSTRAN. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1998; pp.281-288. [PDF, 36KB]

(1998) Bonnie J.Dorr & Douglas W.Oard: Evaluating resources for query translation in cross-language information retrieval. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.759-764. [PDF, 288KB]

(1997) Young-Suk Lee, Clifford Weinstein, Stephanie Seneff, & Dinesh Tummala: Ambiguity resolution for machine translation of telegraphic messages. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 120-127. [PDF, 641KB]

(1997) Kazunori Muraki, Shin’ichiro Kamei, & Shinichi Doi: A left-to-right breadth-first algorithm for subcategorization frame selection of Japanese verbs. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.168-175. [PDF, 160KB]

(1997) Antonio Sanfilippo & Ralf Steinberger: Automatic selection and ranking of translation candidates. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.200-207. [PDF, 170KB]

(1997) Maite Taboada: Improving translation through contextual information. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 510-512. [PDF, 261KB]

(1996) Christian Boitet & Mutsuko Tomokiyo: Theory and practice of ambiguity labelling with a view to interactive disambiguation in text and speech MT. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 119-124. [PDF, 637KB]

(1996) Jason J.S.Chang, Jen-Nan Chen, Huei-Hong Sheng, & Sur-Jin Ker: Combining machine readable lexical resources and bilingual corpora for broad word sense disambiguation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.115-124 [PDF, 299KB]

(1996) Tetsuya Nasukawa: Full-text processing: improving a practical NLP system based on surface information within the context. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 824-829. [PDF, 648KB]

(1996) Kemal Oflazer & Gökhan Tür: Combining hand-crafted rules and unsupervised learning in constraint-based morphological disambiguation. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Proceedings ed. Eric Brill and Kenneth Church, 17-18 May 1996, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. USA; pp.69-81. [PDF, 1120KB]

(1996) Yan Qu, Carolyn P. Rosé, & Barbara Di  Eugenio: Using discourse predictions for ambiguity resolution. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 358-363. [PDF, 584KB]

(1995) Lori Levin, Oren Glickman, Yan Qu, Carolyn P. Rose, Donna Gates, Alon Lavie, Alex Waibel, & Carol Van Ess-Dykema: Using context in machine translation of spoken language. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.173-187. [PDF, 304KB]

(1995) Naohiko Uramoto: Automatic learning of knowledge for example-based disambiguation of attachment. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.295-302. [PDF, 198KB]

(1994) Kathryn L. Baker, Alexander M. Franz, Pamela W. Jordan, Teruko Mitamura, & Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd:  Coping with ambiguity in a large-scale machine translation system. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 90-94. [PDF, 436KB]

(1994) Hervé Blanchon: Perspectives of DBMT for monolingual authors on the basis of LIDIA-1, an implemented mock-up.  Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 115-119. [PDF, 529KB]

(1994) Tim Cornish, Kimikazu Fujita, & Ryochi Sugimura: Towards machine translation using contextual information. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 51-56. [PDF, 468KB]

(1994) David Yarowsky: Decision lists for lexical ambiguity resolution: application to accent restoration in Spanish and French. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.88-95. [PDF, 940KB]

(1993) Shinichi Doi & Kazunori Muraki: Evaluation of DMAX criteria for selecting equivalent translation based on dual corpora statistics. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 302-311. [PDF, 481KB]

(1993) Robert Frederking, Ariel Cohen, Dean Grannes, Peter Cousseau, & Sergei Nirenburg: The PANGLOSS Mark I MAT system. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; p. 468. [PDF, 107KB]

(1993) Megumi Kameyama, Stanley Peters, & Hinrich Schütze: Combining logic-based and corpus-based methods for resolving translation mismatches. In: Building lexicons for machine translation: papers from the 1993 AAAI Spring Symposium, March 23-25, Stanford, California. (Technical report SS-93-02; Menlo Park, California: AAAI Press, 1993); pp.92-98.

(1993) Satoshi Kinoshita, Miwako Shimazu, & Hideki Hirakawa: Better translation with knowledge extracted from source text. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 240-251. [PDF, 170KB]

(1993) Hagyu Lee & Yung Taek Kim: An idiom-based approach to machine translation. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 168-182. [PDF, 466KB]

(1993) Tetsuya Nasukawa: Discourse constraint in computer manuals. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 183-194. [PDF, 271KB]

(1993) Kwangseob Shim & Yung Taek Kim: Towards a machine translation system with self-critiquing capability. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 276-291. [PDF, 560KB]

(1993) Eiichiro Sumita, Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: An example-based disambiguation of prepositional phrase attachment. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 80-91. [PDF, 205KB]

(1993) Kiyoshi Yamabana, Shin'ichiro Kamei & Kazunori Muraki: On representation of preference scores. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 92-101. [PDF, 235KB]

(1992) Hervé Blanchon: A solution for the problem of interactive disambiguation. [English abstract]. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; p. 1233. [PDF, 84KB]; full French text [PDF, 331KB]

(1992) Shinichi Doi & Kazunori Muraki: Translation ambiguity resolution based on text corpora of source and target languages. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 525-531. [PDF, 428KB]

(1992) Kazuhiro Kimura, Takashi Suzuoka, & Sin-ya Amano: Association-based natural language processing with neural networks. 30th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 28 June – 2 July 1992, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; pp.224-231. [PDF, 440KB]

(1991) John Laffling: Towards high-precision machine translation, based on contrastive textology. Berlin, New York: Foris Publications, 1991. xiii, 178pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 7). Contents.

(1991) Jun-chi Tsujii & Kimikazu Fujita: Lexical transfer based on bilingual signs: towards interaction during transfer. Fifth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 9-11 April 1991, Congress Hall, Alexanderplatz, Berlin, Germany; pp. 275-280. [PDF, 586KB]

(1990) Christian Boitet: Towards personal MT: general design, dialogue structure, potential role of speech. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 30-35. [PDF, 701KB]

(1990) Ralf D.Brown & Sergei Nirenburg: Human-computer interaction for semantic disambiguation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 42-47. [PDF, 800KB]

(1990) Pius ten Hacken: Reading distinction in MT. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 162-166. [PDF, 400KB]

(1990) Dan Walter Higinbotham: Semantic cooccurrence networks and the automatic resolution of lexical ambiguity in machine translation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Texas, December 1990. vii,270pp. [PDF, 308KB]

(1990) Xiuming Huang: A machine translation system for the target language inexpert. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 364-367. [PDF, 359KB]

(1990) Montserrat Meya: Semantic disambiguation for PP-attachment. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.271-277. [PDF, 119KB]

Discourse representation

(1999) Hideki Tanaka & Akio Yokoo: An efficient statistical speech act type tagging system for speech translation systems. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.381-388. [PDF, 746KB]

(1998) Jan Alexandersson & Peter Poller: Towards multilingual protocol generation for spontaneous speech dialogues. Ninth International workshop on Natural Language Generation,  Proceedings, 5-7 August 1998, Niagra-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada; pp. 198-207. [PDF, 822KB]

(1998) Munpyo Hong: Multiple-subject constructions in the multilingual MT-system CAT2. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.174-186. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Mari Broman Olsen, Bonnie J. Dorr, & Scott C. Thomas: Enhancing automatic acquisition of the thematic structure in a large-scale lexicon for Mandarin Chinese. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.41-50. [go to publisher details]

(1997) Karin Harbusch: How to solve the conflict of structure-preserving translation and fluent text production. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.87-94. [PDF, 509KB]

(1997) Eduard Hovy & Laurie Gerber: MT at the paragraph level: improving English synthesis in SYSTRAN. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.47-54. [PDF, 211KB]

(1997) Susann Luperfoy & Keith Miller: The use of pegs computational discourse framework as an interlingua representation.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 73-80. [PDF,  165KB]

(1997) Shiho Ogino & Tetsuya Nasukawa: Generating natural sentences by using shallow discourse information. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.39-46. [PDF, 173KB]

(1997) Manfred Stede & Birte Schmitz: Discourse particles and routine formulas in spoken language translation.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp. 3-9. [PDF, 599KB]

(1996) Johan Bos, Björn Gambäck, Christian Lieske, Yoshiki Mori, Manfred Pinkal, & Karsten Worm: Compositional semantics in Verbmobil. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 131-136. [PDF, 511KB]

(1996) Yoshiki Mori: Multiple discourse relations at the sentential level for Japanese. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 788-793. [PDF, 523KB]

(1996) Yan Qu, Carolyn P. Rosé, & Barbara Di  Eugenio: Using discourse predictions for ambiguity resolution. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 358-363. [PDF, 584KB]

(1996) Eric M. Visser & Masaru Fuji: Using sentence connectors for evaluating MT output. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1066-1069. [PDF, 411KB]

(1995) Lori Levin, Oren Glickman, Yan Qu, Carolyn P. Rose, Donna Gates, Alon Lavie, Alex Waibel, & Carol Van Ess-Dykema: Using context in machine translation of spoken language. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.173-187. [PDF, 304KB]

(1994) Birgit Apfelbaum & Cecilia Wadensjö: How does a Verbmobil affect conversation? Discourse analysis and machine-supported translatory interaction. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.93-122.

(1994) Tim Cornish, Kimikazu Fujita, & Ryochi Sugimura: Towards machine translation using contextual information. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 51-56. [PDF, 468KB]

(1994) Monika Doherty: Textual garden paths – parametrized obstacles to target language adequate translations. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.69-89.

(1994) Heidrun Gerzymisch-Arbogast: Translating cultural specifics: macro- and microstructural decisions. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.51-67.

(1994) Susann LuperFoy: Discourse processing for voice-to-voice machine translation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.223-250.

(1994) Ruslan Mitkov & Johann Haller: Machine translation, ten years on: Discourse has yet to make a breakthrough. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 138KB]

(1994) Christiane Nord: The importance of functional markers in (human) translation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.35-50.

(1994) Ralf Steinberger: Treating ‘free word order’ in machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 69-75. [PDF, 526KB]

(1993) Chinatsu Aone & Douglas McKee: A language-independent anaphora resolution system for understanding multilingual texts. 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 22-26 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; pp.156-163. [PDF, 624KB]

(1993) Judy Delin, Donia Scott, & Tony Hartley: Knowledge, intention, rhetoric: levels of variation in multilingual instructions. [ACL 1993] Intentionality and Structure in Discourse Relations: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Owen Rambow, 21 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; pp.7-10. [PDF, 245KB]

(1993) Ruslan Mitkov: How could rhetorical relations be used in machine translation? (and at least two open questions). [ACL 1993] Intentionality and Structure in Discourse Relations: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Owen Rambow, 21 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; pp.86-89. [PDF, 275KB]

(1993) Tetsuya Nasukawa: Discourse constraint in computer manuals. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 183-194. [PDF, 271KB]

(1993) Dietmar Rösner: Intentions, rhetoric, or discourse relations? – a case from multilingual document generation. [ACL 1993] Intentionality and Structure in Discourse Relations: proceedings of a workshop, ed. Owen Rambow, 21 June 1993, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; pp.106-109. [PDF, 201KB]

(1992) Karin Haenelt: Towards a quality improvement in machine translation: modelling discourse structure and including discourse development in the determination of translation equivalents. Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.205-212. [PDF, 231KB]

(1991) James Barnett, Inderjeet Mani, Elaine Rich, Chinatsu Aone, Kevin Knight, & Juan Carlos Martinez: Capturing language-specific semantic distinctions in interlingua-based MT.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 25-32 [PDF, 233KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 67-77]

(1991) John Laffling: Towards high-precision machine translation, based on contrastive textology. Berlin, New York: Foris Publications, 1991. xiii, 178pp. (Distributed Language Translation, 7). Contents.

(1990) Doug Arnold: Rapportage from the discussion group ‘Discourse and linguistics for MT’. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 4pp. [PDF, 22KB]

(1990) Christine Defrise & Sergei Nirenburg: Meaning representation and text planning. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 219-224. [PDF, 725KB]

(1990) Shalom Lappin & Michael McCord: A syntactic filter on pronominal anaphora for slot grammar. 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 6-9 June 1990, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; pp.135-142. [PDF, 437KB]

(1990) Karen Sparck Jones: Large-scale discourse structures and machine translation. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 5pp. [PDF, 45KB]; [abstract in Rapportage]

(1990) Hajime Wada: Discourse processing in MT: problems in pronominal translation. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.1, pp. 73-75. [PDF, 332KB]

Dissertations see Theses and dissertations

Distributional analysis see Statistical analysis

Domain identification

(1999) Elke D.Lange & Jin Yang: Automatic domain recognition for machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 641-645. [PDF, 171KB]

(1997) Yumiko Yoshimura, Satoshi Kinoshita, & Miwako Shimazu: Processing of proper nouns and use of estimated subject area for web page translation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.10-18. [PDF, 459KB]

(1992) B. Roudaud: Typology study of French technical texts, with a view to developing a machine translation system. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1284-1288. [PDF, 359KB]

Domain restriction and specification

(1999) Barbara Gawronska, Jaana Anttila & Dan-Ivar Jacobsson: Mental spaces, space builders and bilingual summarization of news reports. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 1-10 [PDF, 210KB]

(1999) Jörg Schütz: Deploying the SAE J2450 translation quality metric in MT projects. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 278-284. [PDF, 172KB]

(1999) John Tait, Jeremy Ellman, & Diomidis Spinelis: MABLe: a multi-lingual authoring tool for business letters. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 12pp. [PDF, 152KB]

(1999) Hajime Uchino, Yoshifumi Ooyama, & Osamu Furuse: ALTFLASH: a Japanese-to-English machine translation system for market flash reports.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 438-443. [PDF, 255KB]

(1998) Ismael García-Varea and Francisco Casacuberta: Statistical translation in limited domain tasks Proceedings of the 10th European Summer School on Logic, Linguistics and Information (ESSLLI), Saarbrücken, 24-28 August 1998: Workshop on machine translation. [PDF, 240KB]

(1998) Martha Palmer, Owen Rambow, & Alexis Nasr: Rapid prototyping of domain-apecific machine translation systems. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.95-102. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Claus Povlsen, Nancy Underwood, Bradley Music, & Anne Neville: Evaluating text-type suitability for machine translation: a case study on an English-Danish system. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.27-31. [PDF, 53KB]

(1998) Jörg Schütz: Multilingual human language technology in automotive documentation workflows. Translating and the Computer 20. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference…12-13 November 1998 (London: Aslib, 1998); 10pp. [PDF, 188KB]

(1998) Jörg Schütz & Rita.Nübel: Evaluating language technologies: the MULTIDOC approach to taming the knowledge soup. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.236-249. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Evelyne Viegas, Arnim Ruelas, Stephen Beale, & Sergei Nirenburg: Extending a core lexicon using on-line language resources with savoir-faire. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.97-104. [PDF, 180KB]

(1997) Hiyan Alshawi, Adam L.Buchsbaum, & Fei Xia: A comparison of head transducers and transfer for a limited domain translation application. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 360-365. [PDF, 523KB]

(1997) J.C.Amengual, J.M.Benedí, F.Casacuberta, A.Castańo, A.Castellanos, D.Llorens, A.Marzal, F.Prat, E.Vidal, & J.M.Vilar: Using categories in the EUTRANS system. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.44-53. [PDF, 697KB]

(1997) David Carter, Ralph Becket, Manny Rayner, Robert Eklund, Catriona MacDermid, Mats Wirén, Sabine Kirchmeier-Andersen, & Christina Philp: Translation methodology in the Spoken Language Translator: an evaluation. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.73-82. [PDF, 856KB]

(1997) Alon Lavie, Lori Levin, Puming Zhan, Maite Taboada, Donna Gates, Mirella Lapata, Cortis Clark, Matthew Broadhead, & Alex Waibel: Expanding the domain of a multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation system.  Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.67-72. [PDF, 544KB]

(1997) Susann Luperfoy & Keith Miller: The use of pegs computational discourse framework as an interlingua representation.  Proceedings of the AMTA/SIG-IL First Workshop on Interlinguas, October 28, 1997, San Diego, CA, USA; pp. 73-80. [PDF,  165KB]

(1997) Kavi Mahesh, Sergei Nirenburg, & Stephen Beale: If you have it, flaunt it: using full ontological knowledge for word sense disambiguation. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.1-9. [PDF, 167KB]

(1997) Eric Nyberg & Teruko Mitamura: A real-time MT system for translating broadcast captions. MT Summit VI. Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future.  Proceedings, 29 October – 1 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA; pp. 51-57 [PDF, 195KB]

(1997) Philip Resnik & I.Dan Melamed: Semi-automatic acquisition of domain-specific translation lexicons.  Fifth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 31 March – 3 April 1997, Washington Marriott Hotel, Washington, DC, USA;  pp.340-347. [PDF, 781KB]

(1997) Evelyne Viegas: Mismatches and divergences: the continuum perspective. TMI-97: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 23-25, 1997, St.John’s College, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; pp.216-224. [PDF, 179KB]

(1996) Galia Angelova & Kalina Bontcheva: NL domain explanations in knowledge based MAT. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1016-1019. [PDF, 456KB]

(1996) John Chandioux & Annette Grimaila: "Specialized" machine translation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.206-211 [PDF, 104KB]

(1996) John Chandioux & Annette Grimaila: System demonstration: LEXIUM. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.261-263 [PDF, 65KB]

(1996) Johann Haller: MULTILINT. Translating and the Computer 18. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 14 & 15 November 1996 (London: Aslib, 1996); 8pp. [PDF, 85KB]

(1996) Anthony Hartley & Cécile Paris: Two sources of control over the generation of software instructions. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 192-199. [PDF, 695KB]

(1996) Alon Lavie, Lori Levin, Alex Waibel, Donna Gates, Marsal Gavalda, & Laura Mayfield: System description: JANUS: multi-lingual translation of spontaneous speech in limited domain. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.252-255 [PDF, 144KB]

(1996) Alon Lavie, Donna Gates, Marsal Gavaldŕ, Laura Mayfield, Alex Waibel, & Lori Levin: Multi-lingual translation of spontaneously spoken language in a limited domain. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 442-447. [PDF, 542KB]

(1996) Alan K.Melby: Building machine translation on a firm foundation. Translating and the Computer 18. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 14 & 15 November 1996 (London: Aslib, 1996); 10pp. [PDF, 69KB]

(1996) Jörg Schütz: Combing language technolgy and web technology to streamline an automotive hotline support service. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.180-189 [PDF, 151KB]

(1996) Svetlana Sokolova: Users' experiences with a set of domain-specific dictionaries for the Stylus machine translation system. In: EAMT Workshop, Vienna, 29-30 August 1996. [PDF]

(1996) Koichi Takeda: Pattern-based context-free grammars for machine translation. 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 24-27 June 1996, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; pp. 144-176. [PDF, 769KB]

(1996) Clifford Weinstein, Dinesh Tummala, Young-Suk Lee, & Stephanie Seneff: Automatic English-to-Korean text translation of telegraphic messages in a limited domain. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 705-710. [PDF, 697 KB]

(1995) L.J. Mayfield, M. Gavalda, Y-H. Seo, B. Suhm, W. Ward, & A. Waibel: Concept-based parsing for speech translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.196-205. [PDF, 179KB]

(1995) J. Joachim Quantz, Uwe Kuessner, & Manfred Gehrke: Domain modeling for machine translation. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.115-122. [PDF, 156KB]

(1995) Manny Rayner, Pierrette Bouillon, & David Carter: Using corpora to develop limited-domain speech translation systems. Translating and the Computer 17. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 9th and 10th November 1995 (London: Aslib, 1995); 8pp. [PDF, 200KB]

(1995) Keh-Yih Su, Jing-Shin Chang, & Yu-Ling Una Hsu: A corpus-based two-way design for parameterized MT systems: rationale, architecture and training issues. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.334-353. [PDF, 473KB]

(1995) J.M. Vilar, A. Castellanos, J.M. Jiménez, J.A. Sánchez, E. Vidal, J. Oncina, & H. Rulot: Spoken-language machine translation in limited domains: can it be achieved by finite-state models? TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.326-333. [PDF, 201KB]

(1995) Setsuo Yamada, Hiromi Nakaiwa, Kentaro Ogura & Satoru Ikehara: A method for automatically adapting an MT system to different domains. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.303-310. [PDF, 189KB]

(1994) Kathryn L. Baker, Alexander M. Franz, Pamela W. Jordan, Teruko Mitamura, & Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd:  Coping with ambiguity in a large-scale machine translation system. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 90-94. [PDF, 436KB]

(1994) Osamu Furuse: Transfer-driven machine translation. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier. Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.225-226 [PDF, 216KB]

(1994) Teruko Mitamura, Eric Nyberg, & Jaime Carbonell: KANT: knowledge-based, accurate natural language translation. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier. Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.232-233 [PDF, 68KB]

(1994) Chadia Moghrabi: On parametering the choice of words in text generation and its usefulness in machine translation. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 113KB]

(1994) Dekai Wu: Aligning a parallel English-Chinese corpus statistically with lexical criteria. 32nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 27-30 June 1994, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; pp.80-87. [PDF, 643KB]

(1993) Tsuyoshi Morimoto & Akira Kurematsu: Automatic speech translation at ATR MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.83-96 [PDF, 305KB]

(1993) Teruko Mitamura, Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd, & Jaime G. Carbonell: Automated corpus analysis and the acquisition of large, multi-lingual knowledge bases for MT. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 312-328. [PDF, 281KB]

(1993) Jörg Schütz & Bärbel Ripplinger: Machine translation supported by terminological information. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 102-116. [PDF, 287KB]

(1993) Donia R.Scott: Multilingual drafting of instructional texts.  Machine Translation Today: Translating and the Computer 15. Papers presented at a conference… 18-19 November 1993, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1993); pp.193-196. [PDF, 117KB]

(1993) Eric Wehrli & Mira Ramluckun:  ITS-2: an interactive personal translation system. Sixth conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 21-23 April 1993, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; p. 476. [PDF, 99KB]

(1993) Y. Wilks, J. Pustejovsky, & J. Cowie: Diderot: TIPSTER program, automatic data extraction from text utilizing semantic analysis.  Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 21-24, 1993. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993); p.405. [PDF, 97KB]

 (1992) Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter, Steve Pulman, Manny Rayner, & Björn Gambäck: English-Swedish translation [of] dialogue software. Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.165-174. [PDF, 73KB]

(1992) Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: An example-based method for transfer-driven machine translation Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.139-150. [PDF, 224KB]

 (1992) Osamu Furuse & Hitoshi Iida: Transfer-driven machine translation. International Workshop on Fundamental Research for the Future Generation of Natural Language Processing (FGNLP): Proceedings, 30-31 July 1992, Hotel Dominion, Manchester; Sofia Ananiadou, editor (Centre for Computational Linguistics, UMIST); pp.95-111. [PDF, 178KB]

(1992) L.Iordanskaja, M.Kim, R.Kittredge, B.Lavoie, & A.Polgučre: Generation of extended bilingual statistical reports. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1019-1023. [PDF, 315KB]

(1992) Eric H. Nyberg III & Teruko Mitamura: The KANT system: fast, accurate, high-quality translation in practical domains. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1069-1073. [PDF, 351KB]

(1992) B. Roudaud: Typology study of French technical texts, with a view to developing a machine translation system. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 1284-1288. [PDF, 359KB]

(1992) Bengt Sigurd, Caroline Willners, Mats Eeg-Olofsson, & Christer Johansson: Deep comprehension, generation and translation of weather forecasts (Weathra). Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 749-755. [PDF, 341KB]

(1992) Harold Somers: Interactive multilingual text generation for a monolingual user Fourth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI-92), Empiricist vs. rationalist methods in MT, June 25-27, 1992, Montreal, CCRIT-CWARC; pp.151-161. [PDF, 148KB]

(1992) Masami Suzuki: A method of utilizing domain and language specific constraints in dialogue translation. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 756-762. [PDF, 467KB]

(1992) Y. Wilks, J. Pustejovsky, & J. Cowie: Diderot: TIPSTER program, automatic data extraction from text utilizing semantic analysis.  Speech and Natural Language: proceedings of a workshop held at Harriman, New York, USA, February 23-26, 1992. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992); p. 479. [PDF, 541KB]

(1991) Pierrette Bouillon & Katharina Boesefeldt: Applying an experimental MT system to a realistic problem.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 45-49 [PDF, 160KB] [Revised reprint in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 79-86]

(1991) David B.Roe, Fernando Pereira, Richard W.Sproat, Michael D.Riley, Pedro J.Moreno, & Alejandro Macarron: Toward a spoken language translator for restricted-domain context-free languages. Eurospeech ’91 Second European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, Genova, Italy, September 24-26, 1991; pp.1063-1066; abstract [PDF, 28KB]

(1990) J.D.Phillips: Automated production of domain-specific machine translation systems. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 8pp. [PDF, 1153KB]

(1990) Harold L.Somers, Jun-ichi Tsujii, & Danny Jones: Machine translation without a source text. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.3, pp. 271-276. [PDF, 611KB]

(1990) F.W.Stentiford: Work at British Telecom in automatic interpretation and translation. Proceedings of a Workshop on Machine Translation, 2-3 July 1990, UMIST, Manchester, ed.J.McNaught; 13pp. [PDF, 62KB]

(1990) Jun-ichi Tsujii: Machine translation and machine-aided translation – what’s going on. Translating and the Computer 12: Applying technology in the translation process, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 8-9 November 1990, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1991); pp. 3-24. [PDF, 101KB]

Economics of MT see index of applications

Ellipsis

(1998) Yamamoto Kazuhide & Sumita Eiichiro: Feasibility study for ellipsis resolution in dialogues by machine-learning technique. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 1428-1435. [PDF, 709KB]

(1997) Young-Suk Lee, Clifford Weinstein, Stephanie Seneff, & Dinesh Tummala: Ambiguity resolution for machine translation of telegraphic messages. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 120-127. [PDF, 641KB]

Evaluation measures and metrics [see also Test corpora and test suites]

(1999) Arendse Bernth: A confidence index for machine translation.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 109-119 [PDF, 158KB]

(1999) Lisa Decrozant & Clare R.Voss: Dual use of linguistic resources: evaluation of MT systems and language learners. ACL-1999 Computer Mediated Language Assessment and Evaluation in Natural Language Processing: Proceedings of a Symposium, 22 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.32-38. [PDF, 483KB]

(1999) Jennifer Doyon, John S.White, & Kathryn B.Taylor: Task-based evaluation for machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 574-578. [PDF, 146KB]

(1999) Masaru Fuji: Evaluation experiment for reading comprehension of machine translation outputs. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 285-289. [PDF, 140KB]

(1999) Margaret King, Eduard Hovy, Benjamin K. T’sou, John White, & Yusoff Zaharin: MT evaluation [panel]. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 197-207. [PDF, 216KB]

(1999) Graham Russell: Errors of omission in translation. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 128-138 [PDF, 131KB]

(1999) Jörg Schütz: Deploying the SAE J2450 translation quality metric in MT projects. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 278-284. [PDF, 172KB]

(1999) Jörg Schütz: Deploying the SAE J2450 translation quality metric in language technology evaluation projects. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 10pp. [PDF, 69KB]

(1999) Toshiyuki Takezawa, Fumiaki Sugaya, Akio Yokoo, & Seiichi Yamamoto: A new evaluation method for speech translation systems and a case study on ATR-MATRIX from Japanese to English. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 299-307. [PDF, 239KB]

(1999) Kavita Thomas: Designing a task-based evaluation methodology for a spoken machine translation system. ACL-1999: 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the conference, 20-26 June 1999, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; pp.569-572. [PDF, 396KB]

(1999) Yamauchi Satoshi: A method of evaluation of the quality of translated text. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 564-567. [PDF, 133KB]

(1999) Shoichi Yokoyama, Akira Kumano, Masaki Matsudaira, Yoshiko Shirokizawa, Mutsumi Kawagoe, Shuji Kodama, Hideki Kashioka, Terumasa Ehara. Shinichiro Miyazawa & Yasuo Nakajima: Quantitative evaluation of machine translation using two-way MT. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 568-573. [PDF, 185KB]

(1998) D.Bourigault & B.Habert: Evaluation of terminology extractors: principles and experiments. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.299-305. [PDF, 95KB]

(1998) Tony Hartley & Klaus Schubert: From testbench to workflow: relocating MT in education and training. Translating and the Computer 20. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference…12-13 November 1998 (London: Aslib, 1998); 10pp. [PDF, 59KB]

(1998) Margaret King & Bente Maegaard: Issues in natural language systems evaluation. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.225-230. [PDF, 59KB]

(1998) Judith Klein, Sabine Lehmann, Klaus Netter, & Tillmann Wegst: DiET in the context of MT evaluation. Konvens ’98 Workshop: Evaluation of the Linguistic Performance of Machine Translation Systems, Universität Bonn (St Augustin: Gardez! Verlag, 1998); 21pp. [PDF, 112KB]

(1998) Philippe Langlais, Michel Simard, & Jean Véronis: Methods and practical issues in evaluating alignment techniques. Coling-ACL ’98: 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 10-14, 1998, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; pp. 711-717. [PDF, 673KB]

(1998) Ph.Langlais, M.Simard, J.Véronis, S.Armstrong, P.Bonhomme, F.Debili, P.Isabelle, E.Souissi, & P.Théron: ARCADE: a cooperative research project on parallel text alignment evaluation. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.289-292. [PDF, 60KB]

(1998) Claus Povlsen, Nancy Underwood, Bradley Music, & Anne Neville: Evaluating text-type suitability for machine translation: a case study on an English-Danish system. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.27-31. [PDF, 53KB]

(1998) Reinhard Schäler: Localisation is good for you: the Localisation Resources Centre as an example for the successful co-operation between industrial users and academic researchers. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1239-1244. [PDF, 85KB]

(1998) Michelle Vanni: Evaluating MT systems: testing and researching the feasibility of a task-diagnostic approach. Translating and the Computer 20. Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference…12-13 November 1998 (London: Aslib, 1998); 11pp. [PDF, 152KB]

(1998) John S.White & Kathryn B.Taylor: A task-oriented evaluation metric for machine translation . First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.21-25. [PDF, 56KB]

(1997) John Hutchins: Evaluation of machine translation and translation tools. In: Giovanni Battista Varile & Antonio Zampolli (eds.) Survey of the state of the art in human language technology (Pisa: Giardini), pp. 418-419. [PDF, 96KB]

(1997) Margaret King: Human factors and user acceptability. In: Giovanni Battista Varile & Antonio Zampolli (eds.) Survey of the state of the art in human language technology (Pisa: Giardini), pp. 422-425. [PDF, 112KB]

(1997) Derek Lewis: MT evaluation: science or art? Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 9pp. [pages missing] [PDF, 32KB]

(1997) Derek Lewis: MT evaluation: science or art? In: Machine Translation Review, issue 6: October 1997; pp.25-36.

(1997) Bente Maegaard: Evaluation of language tools. Translating and the Computer 19. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 13 & 14 November 1997 (London: Aslib, 1997); 5pp. [PDF, 95KB]

(1996) Eric M. Visser & Masaru Fuji: Using sentence connectors for evaluating MT output. Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1066-1069. [PDF, 411KB]

(1996) John S.White & Theresa A. O'Connell: Adaptation of the DARPA machine translation evlauation paradigm to end-to-end systems. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.106-114 [PDF, 141KB]

(1996) John S.White: The primacy of core technology MT evaluation. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.212-218 [PDF, 123KB]

(1996) Lorna Balkan: Multilingual evaluation tool from TSNLP. In: MT News International no. 15, October 1996. [PDF]

(1995) Hitoshi Isahara: JEIDA’s test-sets for quality evaluation of MT systems – technical evaluation from the developer’s point of view . MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; pp. [PDF, 261KB]

(1995) Sylvie Regnier-Prost: The prerequisites of MT for an industrial user: a corpus-based approach. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 1p. [abstract only] [PDF, 63KB]

(1995) John S. White: Approaches to black box MT evaluation. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 10pp. [PDF, 205KB]

(1994) Lorna Balkan Test suites: some issues in their use and design. International conference “Machine translation: ten years on” Proceedings ... held at Cranfield University, England, 12-14 November 1994 (Cranfield University Press, 1998) [PDF, 101KB]

(1994) Lorna Balkan, Doug Arnold, & Siety Meijer: Test suites for natural language processing.  Translating and the Computer 16. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1994, Institution of Civil Engineers, London SW1 (London: Aslib, 1994); pp.51-58. [PDF, 79KB]

(1994) George Doddington: Introduction to the March ’94 ARPA workshop on machine translation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 2 slides [PDF, 42KB]

(1994) George Doddington: Summation and plans. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17-18 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 4 slides [PDF, 36KB]

(1994) Mary Flanagan: Error classification for MT evaluation. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 65-72. [PDF, 119KB]

(1994) Margaret King: Evaluating translation. In: Christa Hauenschild & Susanne Heizmann (eds.) Machine translation and translation theory. [EAMT workshop, Hildesheim University, September 1994]. (Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 19970; pp.251-263.

(1994) Siety Meijer & Lorna Balkan: TSNLP: test suites for natural language processing. In: MT News International no.8, May 1994

(1994) Eric H. Nyberg, 3rd, Teruko Mitamura, & Jaime G. Carbonell: Evaluation metrics for knowledge-based machine translation. Coling 1994: the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1994, Kyoto, Japan; pp. 95-99. [PDF, 469KB]

(1994) Karin Spalink: Proposal for a differentiated text-related machine translation evaluation methodology. In: MT News International no.9, September 1994.

(1994) John S.White & Theresa A. O’Connell: Evaluation in the ARPA machine translation program: 1993 methodology. Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 8-11, 1994. (San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1994); pp.134-140. [PDF, 857KB]

(1994) John White, Theresa O’Connell, & Matthew Hopwood: ARPA MT initiative: 1Q94 test and evaluation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 33 slides [PDF, 804KB]

(1994) John S. White, Theresa A. O'Connell, Francis E. O'Mara: The ARPA MT evaluation methodologies: evolution, lessons,and future approaches. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 193-205 [PDF, 212KB]

(1994) The role of MT evaluation. Panel at the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.217-219 [PDF, 75KB]

(1993) John Hutchins: JEIDA report on evaluation methodology. In: MT News Intenational no.4, January 1993

(1993) Margaret King: Evaluation of MT software and methods.  Machine Translation Today: Translating and the Computer 15. Papers presented at a conference… 18-19 November 1993, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1993); pp.111-119. [PDF, 35KB]

(1993) Hirosato Nomura & John Hutchins: JEIDA machine translation evaluation methodology. In: MT News Intenational no.5, May 1993

(1993) M. King: Panel on evaluation: MT Summit IV -- introduction MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.201-203 [PDF, 97KB]

(1993) Hirosato Nomura: Evaluation method of machine translation: from the viewpoint of natural language processing. Strategy for machine translation evaluation MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.205-207 [PDF, 110KB]

(1993) L. Rolling: Panel contribution on MT evaluation MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.209-210 [PDF, 78KB]

(1993) Muriel Vasconcellos: [contribution to panel on] Evaluation method of machine translation MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.211-213 [PDF, 99KB]

(1993) John S. White, Theresa A. O’Connell, & Lynn M. Carlson: Evaluation of machine translation.  Human Language Technology: proceedings of a workshop held at Plainsboro, New Jersey, USA, March 21-24, 1993. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1993); pp.206-210. [PDF, 407KB]

(1993) Soichi Yokoyama: [contribution to panel on] Evaluation method of machine translation: from the viewpoint of natural language processing MT Summit IV: International Cooperation for Global Communication. Proceedings, July 20-22, 1993, Kobe, Japan; pp.215-217 [PDF, 108KB]

(1993) Adriane Rinsche: Towards a MT evaluation methodology. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 266-275. [PDF, 103KB]

(1992) see MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation, 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; ed. Muriel Vasconcellos. (Washington, DC: Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 1994)

(1992) Jim Baker, Peter Brown, Lynn Carlson, Eduard Hovy, Charles Wayne, & John White: Machine translation evaluation methodology. [Washington, DC: DARPA, June 1992.] Reprinted in Annex B, in: MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop..., 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; 6pp. [PDF, 136KB]

(1992) Keh-Yih Su, Ming-Wen Wu, & Jing-Shin Chang: A new quantitative quality measure for machine translation systems. Coling-92: Proceedings of the Fifteenth [i.e. Fourteenth] International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Nantes, 23-28/8/1992; pp. 433-439. [PDF, 494KB]

(1992) Translators still in the loop. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.12, November-December 1992; pp.1-4. [PDF, 106KB]

(1991) see Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO)

(1991) see contributions to panel Evaluation of MT systems.  MT Summit III.  Proceedings, July 1-4, 1991, Washington, DC, USA; pp. 141-146 [PDF, 137KB] [Revised reprints in: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 267-282]

(1991) Jacques Durand: On evaluating MT systems.  Translating and the Computer 13: The Theory and Practice of Machine Translation – A Marriage of Convenience? Papers presented at a conference… 28-29 November 1991, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.81-92. [PDF, 73KB]

(1991) Kenneth W.Church & Eduard H.Hovy: Good applications for crummy machine translation. In: Jeanette  G.Neal and Sharon M.Walter (eds.): Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation Workshop, Calspan-UB Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 18 June 1991; pp.147-157. [PDF, 811KB]

(1991) Björn Gambäck, Hiyan Alshawi, David Carter & Manny Rayner: Measuring compositionality in transfer-based machine translation systems. In: Jeanette  G.Neal and Sharon M.Walter (eds.): Natural Language Processing Systems Evaluation Workshop, Calspan-UB Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 18 June 1991; pp.141-145. [PDF, 322KB]

(1991) R.Lee Humphreys: From evaluation to specification. Translating and the Computer 13: The Theory and Practice of Machine Translation – A Marriage of Convenience? Papers presented at a conference… 28-29 November 1991, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.93-104. [PDF, 65KB]

(1991) MT evaluator’s forum. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.3, May-June 1991; p.5. [PDF, 97KB]

(1990) Peter Kahl : Translation quality – how can we tell it’s good enough?  Translating and the Computer 12: Applying technology in the translation process, ed. Catriona Picken. Proceedings of a conference… 8-9 November 1990, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1991); pp. 149-158. [PDF, 42KB]

(1990) Margaret King: A workshop on evaluation: background paper. Third international conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Language, 11-13 June 1990, Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas; pp.255-259. [PDF, 95KB]

(1990) Margaret King & Kirsten Falkedal: Using test suites in evaluation of machine translation systems. Coling-90: Papers presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Helsinki, 20-25 August 1990; ed. Hans Karlgren; vol.2, pp. 211-216. [PDF, 528KB]

(1994) Antonio Torrens: Machine translation evaluation and quality benchmarks. Terminologie et Traduction, 1.1994; pp.375-415. [PDF, 185KB]

Evaluations of systems [see also User experiences in index of applications]

(1999) Michael Carl & Silvia Hansen: Linking translation memories with example-based machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 617-624. [PDF, 225KB].

(1999) Orie Fukutomi: Experiment report of a commercial machine translation in a manufacturing industry domain.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 579-585 . [PDF, 166KB]

(1999) Elke D.Lange & Jin Yang: Automatic domain recognition for machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 641-645. [PDF, 171KB]

(1999) Magnus Merkel & Lars Ahrenberg: Evaluating word alignment systems. PLUG report. [Linköping University, 1999] 6pp. [PDF, 33KB]

(1999) Shinichiro Miyazawa, Shoichi Yokoyama, Masaki Matsudaira, Akira Kumano, Shuji Kodama, Hideki Kashioka, Yoshiko Shirokizawa, & Yasuo Nakajima: Study on evaluation of WWW MT systems. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 290-298. [PDF, 573KB]

(1999) Fumiaki Sugaya, Toshiyuki Takezawa, Akio Yokoo, & Seiichi Yamamoto: End-to-end evaluation in ATR-MATRIX: speech translation system between English and Japanese. Sixth European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech ’99), Budapest, Hungary, September 5-9, 1999; pp.2431-2434; abstract [PDF, 36KB]

(1999) Shoichi Yokoyama, Akira Kumano, Masaki Matsudaira, Yoshiko Shirokizawa, Mutsumi Kawagoe, Shuji Kodama, Hideki Kashioka, Terumasa Ehara. Shinichiro Miyazawa & Yasuo Nakajima: Quantitative evaluation of machine translation using two-way MT. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 568-573. [PDF, 185KB]

(1998) Gregory Grefenstette: Evaluating the adequacy of a multilingual transfer dictionary for the cross language information retrieval. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.755-758. [PDF, 42KB]

 (1998) Donna Harman: The Text REtrieval Conferences (TRECs) and the cross-language track. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.517-522. [PDF, 52KB]

(1998) Christopher Hogan & Robert E. Frederking: An evaluation of the multi-engine MT architecture. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.113-123. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Jutta Marx, Nancy Smith, & Bernhard Staudinger: Some problems in the evaluation of the Russian-German machine translation system MIROSLAV. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1219-1226. [PDF, 80KB]

(1998) Mario J.Mira i Giménez & Mikel L.Forcada: Understanding commercial machine translation systems for evaluation, teaching, and reverse engineering: the treatment of noun phrases in Power Translator Deluxe. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 7: April 1998; pp.20-27. [PDF]

(1998) Douglas W. Oard: A comparative study of query and document translation for cross-language information retrieval. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.472-483. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Flo Reeder & Dan Loehr: Finding the right words: an analysis of not-translated words in machine translation. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.356-363. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Jörg Schütz & Rita.Nübel: Evaluating language technologies: the MULTIDOC approach to taming the knowledge soup. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.236-249. [go to publisher details]

(1998) Jörg Schütz & Rita Nübel: Multi-purpose vs. task-specific application: diagnostic evaluation of multilingual language technologies. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1251-1254. [PDF, 127KB]

(1998) Vera Semenova: Russian resources in language engineering: evaluation and description. First International Conference on Language Resources & Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 28-30 May 1998. Proceedings ed. Antonio Rubio, Natividad Gallardo, Rosa Castro and Antonio Tejada; pp.1123-1127. [PDF, 50KB]

(1998) Kathryn Taylor & John White: Predicting what MT is good for: user judgements and task performance. Machine translation and the information soup: third conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, AMTA '98, Langhorne, PA,USA, October 1998; ed. David Farwell, Laurie Gerber, Eduard Hovy (Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998); pp.364-373. [go to publisher details]

(1997) Merja Ĺgren: The strong and the weak points of texts translated by machine in comparison with texts translated by humans. [Unpublished.] 18pp. [PDF, 105KB]

(1997) David Carter, Ralph Becket, Manny Rayner, Robert Eklund, Catriona MacDermid, Mats Wirén, Sabine Kirchmeier-Andersen, & Christina Philp: Translation methodology in the Spoken Language Translator: an evaluation. Spoken Language Translation: proceedings of a workshop… ed. Steven Krauwer, Doug Arnold, Walter Kasper, Manny Rayner, Harold Somers, 11 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; pp.73-82. [PDF, 856KB]

(1997) Derek Lewis: The Telegraph and Systran translation systems for personal computer. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 5: April 1997; pp.25-26.

(1997) Rita Nübel: End-to-end evaluation in Verbmobil I.  MT Summit VI. Machine Translation: Past, Present, Future.  Proceedings, 29 October – 1 November 1997, San Diego, California, USA; pp. 232-239 [PDF, 165KB]

(1997) Martin Volk: Probing the lexicon in evaluating commercial MT systems. ACL-EACL-1997: 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 8th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Proceedings of the Conference, 7-12 July 1997, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; pp. 112-119. [PDF, 729KB]

(1996) Harri Arnola: Kielikone machine translation technology and its perspective on the economics of machine translation. In: EAMT Workshop, Vienna, 29-30 August 1996. [PDF]

(1996) Eva Dauphin & Véronika Lux: Corpus-based annotated test set for machine translation evaluation by an industrial user.  Coling 1996: the 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Proceedings, August 5-9, 1996, Center for Sprogteknologi, Copenhagen; pp. 1061-1065. [PDF, 445KB]

(1996) Stephen Helmreich & David Farwell: Translation differences and pragmatics-based MT. Expanding MT horizons: Proceedings of the Second Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2-5 October 1996, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.43-55 [PDF, 162KB]

(1996) Derek Lewis: The Power Translator: an evaluation of a PC-based MT system. In: Machine Translation Review, issue 4: October 1996; pp.22-32.

(1996) Steven Maiorano & Terry Wilson: Multilingual entity task (MET): Japanese results. Tipster Text Program Phase II. Proceedings of a workshop held at Vienna, Virginia, May 6-8, 1996, sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; pp. 449-451. [PDF, 717KB]

(1996) Roberta Merchant, Mary Ellen Okurowski, & Nancy Chinchor: The multilingual entity task (MET) overview. Tipster Text Program Phase II. Proceedings of a workshop held at Vienna, Virginia, May 6-8, 1996, sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; pp. 445-447. [PDF, 667KB]

(1996) Dorothy Senez: Machine translation feasibility study at the European Commission. In: EAMT Workshop, Vienna, 29-30 August 1996. [PDF]

(1995) Geert Adriaens & Lieve Macken: Technological evaluation of a controlled language application: precision, recall and convergence tests for SECC. TMI-95: proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, July 5-7, 1995, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; pp.123-141. [PDF, 270KB]

(1995) Terence Lewis: Can we make do with near human quality? Translating and the Computer 17. Papers from the Aslib conference held on 9th and 10th November 1995 (London: Aslib, 1995); 5pp. [PDF, 40KB]

(1995) I.Dan Melamed: Automatic evaluation and uniform filter cascades for inducing n-best translation lexicons.  Third workshop on Very Large Corpora. Proceedings ed. David Yarowsky and Kenneth Church, 30 June 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; pp.184-198. [PDF, 933KB]

(1995) John S. White: Approaches to black box MT evaluation. MT Summit V Proceedings, Luxembourg, July 10-13, 1995; 10pp. [PDF, 205KB]

(1994) Claudia Gdaniec: The Logos translatability index. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp. 97-105. [PDF, 122KB]

(1994) H. Isahara, H. Uchino, S. Ogino, T. Okunishi, S. Kinoshita, S. Shibata, T. Sugio, Y. Takayama, S. Doi, T. Nagano, M. Narita, H. Nomura: Technical evaluation of MT systems from the developer's point of view: exploiting test-sets for quality evaluation. Technology partnerships for crossing the language barrier: Proceedings of the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas,5-8 October, Columbia, Maryland, USA. [Washington, DC: AMTA]; pp.126-133. [PDF, 163KB]

(1994) Uwe Reinke: Evaluation of integrated translation systems. In: MT News International no.9, September 1994

(1994) Reinhard Schäler: A practical evaluation of an integrated translation tool during a large scale localisation project.  Fourth conference on Applied Natural Language Processing [of] Association for Computational Linguistics. Proceedings of the conference, 13-15 October 1994, Stuttgart, Germany;  pp.192-193. [PDF, 197KB]

(1994) Karin Spalink: Evaluating the suitability of MT. Contribution to panel Voices of experience: MT in operational settings at the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.221-222 [PDF, 84KB]

(1994) Michelle Vanni: Project Cybertrans. Contribution to panel Voices of experience: MT in operational settings at the First Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 5-8 October 1994, Columbia, Maryland, USA (Washington, DC: AMTA); pp.221-222 [PDF, 84KB]

(1994) John White, Theresa O’Connell, & Matthew Hopwood: ARPA MT initiative: 1Q94 test and evaluation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, 17 March 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 33 slides [PDF, 804KB]

(1994) John White, Theresa O’Connell, & Matthew Hopwood: Results 1Q94 ARPA evaluation of machine translation. ARPA Workshop on Machine Translation, March 17 1994, Sheraton Premier Hotel at Tyson’s Corner, Vienna; 19 slides [PDF, 320KB]

(1993) Doris Albisser: Evaluating machine translation systems in a real work environment. [Expanded version.] In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Progress in machine translation (Amsterdam, Oxford, Washington, DC: IOS Press; Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1993), pp. 278-282. [PDF, 117KB]

(1993) Masaru Tomita, Masako Shirai, Junya Tsutsumi, Miki Matsumura & Yuki Yoshikawa: Evaluation of MT systems by TOEFL. TMI-93: The Fifth International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, Kyoto, Japan, July 14-16, 1993: Proceedings; pp. 252- 265. [PDF, 253KB]

(1993) A heavy METAL user. Language Industry Monitor, issue no.18, November-December 1993; pp.11-12. [PDF, 91KB]

(1992 Khai Le-Hong, Monika Höge, & Andrea Hohmann: User’s point of view of the translator’s workbench. Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.25-32. [PDF, 63KB]

(1992) J.E.Rowley: Evaluation of software.  Translating and the Computer 14: Quality Standards and the Implementation of Technology in Translation. Papers presented at a conference… 10-11 November 1992, CBI Conference Centre, London (London: Aslib, 1992); pp.117-126. [PDF, 36KB]

(1992) see MT evaluation: basis for future directions. Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation, 2-3 November 1992, San Diego, California; ed. Muriel Vasconcellos. (Washington, DC: Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 1994)

(1991) see Proceedings of the Evaluators’ Forum, April 21st – 24th, 1991, Les Rasses, Vaud, Switzerland, ed. Kirsten Falkedal. (Geneva: ISSCO)

Example-based MT

(1999) Mosleh H. Al-Adhaileh & Tang Enya Kong: Example-based machine translation based on the synchronous SSTC annotation schema.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 244-249. [PDF, 271KB]

(1999) Tantely Andriamanankasina, Kenji Araki, & Koji Tochinai: Example-based machine translation of part-of-speech tagged sentences by recursive division. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 509-517. [PDF, 224KB]

(1999) Ralf D. Brown: Adding linguistic knowledge to a lexical example-based translation system.  Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation (TMI 99), August 23-25, 1999, University College, Chester, England; pp. 22-32 [PDF, 214KB]

(1999) Michael Carl: Inducing translation templates for example-based machine translation.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 250-258. [PDF, 245KB]

(1999) Michael Carl & Silvia Hansen: Linking translation memories with example-based machine translation. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 617-624. [PDF, 225KB].

(1999) Robert Frederking, Christopher Hogan, & Alexander Rudnicky: A new approach to the translating telephone.  Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 556-563. [PDF, 175KB]

(1999) Gregory Grefenstette: The World Wide Web as a resource for example-based machine translation tasks. Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 12pp. [PDF, 157KB]

(1999) Yiping Li, Chimu Pun, & Fei Wu: Portuguese-Chinese machine translation in Macao. Machine Translation Summit VII, 13th-17th September 1999, Kent Ridge Digital Labs, Singapore. Proceedings of MT Summit VII “MT in the Great Translation Era”; pp. 236-243. [PDF, 236KB]

(1999) Kevin McTait, Maeve Olohan, & Arturo Trujillo: A building blocks approach to translation memory.  Translating and the Computer 21. Proceedings of the Twenty-first International Conference…10-11 November 1999 (London: Aslib, 1999); 15pp. [PDF, 94KB]

(1999) Kevin McTait & Arturo Trujillo: A language-neutral sparse-data algorithm for extracting tran