Machine
Translation Archive
Subject Index
to methods, techniques, issues
and topics
in publications before 1990
[For later publications see:
publications 1990-1999, publications
2000-2004, and publications since 2005]
[to
return to home page click here]
Adjectives
(1963) Irene Bellert:
Necessity of introducing some information provided by transformational analysis
into MT algorithms. In: Abstracts of papers for the
1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and
Computational Linguistics,
Adverbs
(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
ALPAC see USA - National Research Council: Automatic Language
Processing Advisory Committee in index of organizations
Ambiguity preservation (see also Disambiguation)
(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine
translation. Coling84: 10th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
Analysis see Semantic
analysis; Syntactic analyis
Applications of MT see index of applications
Articles
(1966) Jocelyn Brewer: English
article insertion. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3 and 4, September
and December 1966; pp.83-96 [PDF, 263KB]
(1964) G.R.Martins: Preliminary report on the insertion of English
articles in Russian-English MT output.
Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964;
pp.2-4 [PDF, 121KB]
(1963) H.P. Edmundson: The
behavior of English articles. In: Abstracts of
papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation
and Computational Linguistics,
Artificial
Intelligence and MT (see also Knowledge representation, Neural networks)
(1987) Kazuhiro Fuchi: The
FGCS project and machine translation systems. MT
(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, &
Victor Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in
expository text. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1985) R. Gerber &
(1984) Christian Boitet & René Gerber: Expert systems and other new techniques in MT
systems. Coling84: 10th International
Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the
Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1976) Roger C. Schank: Programs to understand
stories [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine
Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational
Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]
(1973) Yorick Wilks: The Stanford machine translation
and understanding project. In: R.Rustin (ed.) Natural language processing (
Aspect
(1988) M.Meya & J.Vidal: An integrated model for the treatment of time in
MT-systems. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2,
pp.437-441. [PDF, 327KB]
(1988) Frank van Eynde: The analysis of tense and aspect in Eurotra.
Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2,
pp.699-704. [PDF, 517KB]
ATN parser
(1988) Hiroyasu Nogami, Yumiko Yoshimura, &
Shia-ya Amano: Parsing with look-ahead in
real-time on-line translation system. Coling
Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics,
22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest,
Hungary; vol.2, pp.488-493. [PDF, 480KB]
(1988)
Lee Ann Schwartz: Coordination: some problems
and solutions for the analysis of English with an ATN. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological
Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988,
Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp.. [PDF, 117KB]
(1986) E.Luctkens & Ph.Ferment: A prototype machine translation based on
extracts from data processing manuals. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, &
Hirosato Nomura: A case analysis method
cooperating with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh,
& Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features
for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
& 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
2-6 July 1984,
Bibliography
(see also file of bibliographical resources)
(1985) Jonathan Slocum: A
machine(-aided) translation bibliography, generally
restricted to currently accessible documents written in English, French, or
German during the years 1973-1984. Computational Linguistics 11 (2-3), pp.
170-183 [PDF, 1629KB] [Expanded to cover 1973-1986 in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1988); 265-341.]
(1974) Bibliography:
machine translation. American
Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 14; pp. 56-59.
[PDF, 193KB]
(1958)
Anthony G.Oettinger: A survey of Soviet work
on automatic translation, Mechanical
Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 101-110 [PDF, 167KB]
(1955-1958)
see Bibliography sections in each issue of Mechanical
Translation
Bilingual corpora [see also Example-based
methods, Test corpora]
(1986) B.C.Papegaaij, V.Sadler, &
A.P.M.Witkam: Experiments with an
MT-directed lexical knowledge bank. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1963) Wayne Tosh:
Collecting linguistic data for the grammar of a language. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the
Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics,
Book reviews
(1989)
Chrysanne DiMarco: [review of] Test coherence in
translation [by] Bart Papegaaij and Klaus Schubert (Foris Publications,
1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), p. 207
[PDF, 111KB]
(1989)
John Hutchins: [review of] Machine translation
today: the state of the art [ed. by] Margaret King (Edinburgh University
Press, 1987). Computational Linguistics 15 (2), pp.
117-120 [PDF, 509KB]
(1989)
Rita McCardell: [review of] Machine
translation: linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology
of evaluation [by] John Lehrberger and Laurent Bourbeau (John Benjamins
Publishing Co., 1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
194-195 [PDF, 253KB]
(1989)
Esméralda Manandise: [review of] New directions
in machine translation [ed. by] Dan Maxwell et al. (Foris Publications,
1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (4), pp.
265-267 [PDF, 347KB]
(1989)
Jonathan Slocum: [review of] Word expert
semantics [ed. by] Bart C.Papegaaij et al. (Foris Publications, 1986). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
207-210 [PDF, 111KB]
(1989)
John S. White: [review of] Machine translation
systems [ed. by] Jonathan Slocum (Cambridge University Press, 1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
200-204 [PDF, 616KB]
(1988)
Richard Kittredge: [review of] Machine
translation: past, present, future [by] William John Hutchins (Ellis
Horwood, 1986). Computational Linguistics 14 (3), pp. 118-120
[PDF, 307KB]
(1988)
Harold Somers: [review of] Machine translation:
theoretical and methodological issues [ed. by] Sergei Nirenburg (Cambridge
University Press, 1987). Computational Linguistics 14 (1), pp.
56-61 [PDF, 730KB]
(1976) Raymond D.Gumb: [review of] Essays on lexical semantics, vol.1
[ed.] V.Ju.Rozencvejg. American
Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.68-76. [PDF,
105KB]
Case grammar
(1988) Chen Zhaoxiang & Gao
Qingshi: English-Chinese machine translation
system IMT/EC. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1,
pp.117-122. [PDF, 573KB]
(1986) Masahiro Abe, Yoshimitsu Ooshima,
Katsuhiko Yuura, & Nobuyuki Takeichi: A
kana-kanji translation system for non-segmented input sentences based on
syntactic and semantic analysis. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Hirosato Nomura, Shozo Naito, Yasuhiro
Katagiri, & Akira Shimazu: Translation by understanding: a machine translation system LUTE. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Paul Schmidt: Valency theory in a stratificational MT-system.
Coling ’86: 11th International Conference
on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Harald L.Somers: The need for MT-oriented versions of case and
valency in MT.
(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine translation in the SDCG formalism. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 135-144. [PDF, 336KB]
(1984) Hitoshi Iida, Kentaro Ogura, &
Hirosato Nomura: A case analysis method
cooperating with ATNG and its application to machine translation. Coling84: 10th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Yoshiyuki Sakamoto, Masayuki Satoh,
& Tetsuya Ishikawa: Lexicon features
for Japanese syntactic analysis in Mu-project-JE. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
& 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Jun-ichi Tsujii, Jun-ichi Nakamura,
& Makoto Nagao: Analysis grammar of
Japanese in the Mu-project – a procedural approach to analysis grammar. Coling84: 10th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1976) Makoto Nagao & Jun-Ichi Tsujii: Analysis of Japanese sentences by using semantic and
contextual information. American
Journal of Computational Linguistics, microfiche 41; 75pp. [PDF, 3775KB]
Categorial
grammar
(1988) John L. Beaven & Pete Whitelock: Machine translation using isomorphic UCGs. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988,
John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1,
pp.32-35. [PDF, 386KB]
(1961) W. Smoke & E. Dubinsky: A program for the machine translation of natural
languages. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November
1961; pp.2-10. [PDF, 233KB]
(1952)
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: Operational grammar
Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. [PDF, 107KB]
Chart
parsing
(1986) Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt & Manfred
Thiel: Controlled active procedures as a
tool for linguistic engineering. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
Closely
related languages
(1988) Alevtina Bémová, Karel Oliva, &
Jaromila Panevová: Some problems of machine
translation between closely related languages. Coling
Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics,
22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest,
Hungary; vol.1, pp.46-48. [PDF, 352KB]
Collocations
(1963) Kenneth E. Harper: A
study of the combinatorial properties of Russian nouns. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the
Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics,
Commercial aspects see index of applications
Compositionality
(1988)
Doug Arnold, Steven Krauwer, Louis des Tombe, & Louisa Sadler: ‘Relaxed’ compositionality in machine translation.
Second International Conference on
Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural
Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine
Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA]; 21pp. [PDF, 105KB]
(1986) D.J.Arnold, S.Krauwer, M.Rosner, L.des
Tombe, & G.B.Varile: The <C,A>,T framework in Eurotra: a theoretically committed
notation for MT.
(1986) Lisette Appelo: A compositional approach to the translation of
temporal expressions in the Rosetta system. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
August 25th to 29th, 1986,
Compound
nouns see Nouns and noun phrases
Conference reports [for conference proceedings see list of conferences]
(1976) I.I.Oubine: Machine translation: Moscow international seminar.
American Journal of
Computational Linguistics, microfiche 51 (The Finite String 13 (6) September 1976); pp.50-67. [PDF,
819KB]
(1976) S.R.Petrick: Summary of FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation,
8-9 March 1976,
(1958) V.Yu.Rozentsveig: The work on machine translation in the Soviet Union, Fourth International
Congress of Slavicists reports, Sept. 1958, Mechanical
Translation 5 (3), December 1958; pp. 95-100 [PDF, 119KB]
(1954) Erwin
Reifler: The first conference on mechanical translation, Mechanical Translation 1 (2), August 1954; pp. 23-32 [PDF, 144KB]
(1954) A.C. Reynolds: The conference on mechanical translation held at M.I.T., June 17-20,
1952. Mechanical Translation 1(3),
December 1954; pp. 47-55 [PDF, 97KB]
Conjunctions (see also Coordination)
(1984) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine
translation environment. Coling84:
10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
Connectionism see Neural networks
Controlled
languages see index of applications
Conversation
see Dialogue
Coordination
(1988)
Lee Ann Schwartz: Coordination: some problems
and solutions for the analysis of English with an ATN. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological
Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988,
Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, [USA]; 12pp.. [PDF, 117KB]
Corpora see Bilingual
corpora
Corpus-based MT see Example-based
methods,
Cross-language
information retrieval see index of applications
Cyrillic
coding and transliteration
(1963) John Lyons: Coding
the Russian alphabet for the purposes of mechanical translation. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2, August 1963; pp.43-46 [PDF, 149KB]
(1958)
Anthony G.Oettinger: An input device for the
Harvard automatic dictionary, Mechanical
Translation 5 (1), July 1958; pp. 2-7 [PDF, 582KB]
(1957)
B. Zacharov: A refinement in coding the Russian
Cyrillic alphabet, Mechanical
Translation 4 (3), December 1957; pp. 76-78 [PDF, 122KB]
Definite
Clause Grammar
(1988)
Marc Dymetman & Pierre Isabelle: Reversible
logic grammars for machine translation. Second
International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon
University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA];
16pp. [PDF, 201KB]
(1986) Xiuming Huang & Louise Guthrie: Parsing in parallel. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1985) Xiuming Huang: Machine translation in the SDCG formalism. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 135-144. [PDF, 336KB]
(1984) Xiuming Huang: Dealing with conjunctions in a machine
translation environment. Coling84:
10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual
Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
Dependency
relations
(1988) Harri Jäppinen, Eero Lassila & Aarno
Lehtola: Locally governed trees and
dependency parsing. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1,
pp.275-277. [PDF, 365KB]
(1988) Zdeněk Kirschner: Traditional means in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.328-331. [PDF, 333KB]
(1988) Klaus Schubert: Implicitness as a guiding principle in machine
translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2,
pp.599-601. [PDF, 135KB]
(1987) Klaus Schubert: Metataxis: contrastive dependency syntax for machine
translation.
(1986) H.Jäppinen, A.Lehtola, & K.Vaikonen:
Functional structures for parsing dependency
constraints. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1986) Yoshihiko Nitta: Idiosyncratic gap: a tough problem to
structure-bound machine translation. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1984) Makoto Nagao, Toyoaki Nishida &
Jun-ichi Tsujii: Dealing with
incompleteness of linguistic knowledge in language translation – transfer and
generation stage of Mu machine translation project. Coling84: 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
& 22nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Yoshihiko Nitta, Atsushi Okajima,
Hiroyuki Kaji, Youichi Hidano, & Koichiro Ishihara: A proper treatment of syntax and semantics in
machine translation. Coling84: 10th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1965) Sheldon Klein: Automatic
paraphrasing in essay format. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, nos.3 and 4, June and
October 1965; pp.68-83 [PDF, 301KB]
(1964) David G. Hays: Connectability
calculations, syntactic functions, and Russian syntax. Mechanical Translation, vol. 8, no.1, August 1964; pp.32-51 [PDF, 359KB]
(1963) Sheldon Klein & Robert F. Simmons: Syntactic dependence and the computer generation of
coherent discourse. Mechanical Translation, vol. 7, no.2,
August 1963; pp.50-61 [PDF, 248KB]
(1963) Sheldon Klein: Some
experiments peformed with an automatic paraphraser. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963 annual meeting of the
Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics,
(1961) H.P.Edmundson, K.E.Harper, D.G.Hays,
& B.J.Scott: Studies in machine
translation—8: Manual for postediting Russian text. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November 1961; pp.63-71.
[PDF, 240KB]
Dialogue
(1989)
Akira Kurematsu: Research on automatic
telephone interpretation. MT Summit
II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [
(1988)
Kiyoshi Kogure, Hitoshi Iida, Kei Yoshimoto, Hiroyuki Maeda, Masako Kume, &
Susumu Kato: A method of analyzing Japanese
speech act types. Second
International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon
University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA];
10pp. [PDF, 197KB]
(1988)
Izuru Nogaito & Hitoshi Iida: Noun phrase
identification in dialogue and its application. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological
Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988,
Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 138KB]
(1988) Jun-ichi Tsujii & Makoto Nagao: Dialogue translation vs. text translation –
interpretation based approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2,
pp.688-693. [PDF, 483KB]
(1985) Yorick Wilks: Relevance, points of view and dialogue modelling. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 370-387. [PDF, 198KB]
(1963) Joseph Jaffe:
Simultaneous computation of lexical and extralinguistic information measures in
dialogue. In: Abstracts of papers for the 1963
annual meeting of the Association for Machine Translation and Computational
Linguistics,
Dictionaries
see Lexical resources
Disambiguation (see also Word
sense disambiguation)
(1988)
Danit Ben-Ari, Daniel M.Berry, & Mori Rimon: Translational
ambiguity rephrased. Second
International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988, Carnegie Mellon
University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [USA];
9pp. [PDF, 143KB]
(1988)
Izuru Nogaito & Hitoshi Iida: Noun phrase
identification in dialogue and its application. Second International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological
Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, June 12-14, 1988,
Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Machine Translation, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, [USA]; 11pp. [PDF, 138KB]
(1988) Keh-Yih Su & Jing-Shin Chang: Semantic and syntactic aspects of score function.
Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.642-644.
[PDF, 350KB]
(1988) Mary McGee Wood & Brian J.Chandler: Machine translation for monolinguals. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.760-763. [PDF, 427KB]
(1988) Rémi Zajac: Interactive translation: a new approach. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary; vol.2, pp.785-790. [PDF, 373KB]
(1987) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax
and semantics. In: Sergei Nirenburg
(ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and
methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987);
pp.302-316.
(1986) Károly Fábricz: Particle homonymy and machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) B.C.Papegaaij, V.Sadler, &
A.P.M.Witkam: Experiments with an
MT-directed lexical knowledge bank. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Zaharin Yusoff: Strategies and heuristics in the analysis of a
natural language in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics,
August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1985) Steven L. Lytinen: Integrating syntax and semantics. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 167-178. [PDF, 176KB]
(1984) Vladimir Pericliev: Handling syntactical ambiguity in machine
translation. Coling84: 10th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1984) Masaru Tomita: Disambiguating grammatically ambiguous
sentences by asking. Coling84: 10th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics & 22nd Annual Meeting
of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2-6 July 1984,
(1965) Swaminathan Madhu & Dean W.Lytle: A figure of merit technique for the resolution of
non-grammatical ambiguity. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965;
pp.9-13 [PDF, 167KB]
(1960/1964)
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: A demonstration of the
nonfeasibility of fully automatic high quality translation. Reprinted in:
Y.Bar-Hillel, Language and information
(Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1964), 174-179.[PDF,
89KB]
(1957)
Roderick Gould: Multiple correspondence, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November
1957; pp. 14-27 and 43 [PDF, 218KB]
(1957)
Kenneth E. Harper: Semantic ambiguity, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December
1957; pp. 68-69 [PDF, 93KB]
(1957)
Kenneth E. Harper: Contextual analysis, Mechanical Translation 4 (3), December
1957; pp. 70-75 [PDF, 159KB]
(1957)
M.M.Masterman: The thesaurus in syntax and
semantics, Mechanical Translation
4 (1-2), November 1957; pp. 35-43 [PDF, 156KB]
(1957)
Paul Pimsleur: Semantic frequency counts, Mechanical Translation 4 (1-2), November
1957; pp. 11-13 [PDF, 111KB]
(1956)
Kenneth E. Harper: Contextual analysis in
word-for-word MT. Mechanical
Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 40-41 [PDF, 77KB]
(1956)
A. Koutsoudas & R. Korfhage: Mechanical
translation and the problem of multiple meaning. Mechanical Translation 3 (2), November 1956; pp. 46-51 [PDF, 225KB]
(1950/1955)
Abraham Kaplan: An experimental study of ambiguity
and context, [Originally November 1950]. Mechanical Translation 2 (2), November 1955; pp. 39-46 [PDF, 164KB]
Discontiguous
relations
(1988) Ch.Boitet & Y.Zaharin: Representation trees and string-tree
correspondences. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.59-64.
[PDF, 240KB]
Discourse representation
(1989) Shun Ishizaki: Machine translation using contextual
information. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine
translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), p. 25 [PDF, 82KB] [Rewritten
version of paper given at MT Summit:
Machine Translation Summit,
(1988) Erich H.Steiner & Jutta
Winter-Thielen: On the semantics of focus
phenomena in Eurotra. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2,
pp.630-635. [PDF, 466KB]
(1987) James Pustejovsky: An integrated theory
of discourse analysis. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and
methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987);
pp.168-191.
(1986) Annely Rothkegel: Pragmatics in machine translation. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Allen B.Tucker, Sergei Nirenburg, &
Victor Raskin: Discourse and cohesion in
expository text. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1985) David D. McDonald: Recovering the speaker’s decisions during
mechanical translation. Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical
and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages,
Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp.
183-199. [PDF, 173KB]
(1985) James Pustejovsky: The level hypothesis in discourse analysis. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 245-267. [PDF, 213KB]
(1985) Yorick Wilks: Relevance, points of view and dialogue modelling. Proceedings
of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 370-387. [PDF, 198KB]
(1976) Roger C. Schank: Programs to understand
stories [abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine
Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1975) Wallace L. Chafe: Verbalization and translation by machine. American Journal of Computational
Linguistics, microfiche 10; 95pp. [PDF, 3964KB]
Dissertations see
Theses and dissertations
Domain
identification
(1985) Donald E. Walker: Knowledge resource tools for accessing large text
files. Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues
in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University, Hamilton,
New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 335-347. [PDF, 258KB]
Domain
restriction and specification
(1988) Zdeněk Kirschner: Traditional means in machine translation. Coling Budapest: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary; vol.1, pp.328-331. [PDF, 333KB]
(1987) F. Knowles, G. Jelinek & M. McGee Wood: The Alvey Japanese and English machine translation
project. MT
(1986) E.Luctkens & Ph.Ferment: A prototype machine translation based on
extracts from data processing manuals. Coling
’86: 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August
25th to 29th, 1986,
(1986) Masaru Tomita & Jaime G.Carbonell: Another stride towards knowledge-based machine
translation. Coling ’86: 11th
International Conference on Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th,
1986,
(1986) Tajiro Tsutsumi: A prototype English-Japanese machine
translation system for translating IBM computer manuals. Coling ’86: 11th International Conference on
Computational Linguistics, August 25th to 29th, 1986,
(1985)
Pierre Isabelle & Laurent Bourbeau: TAUM-AVIATION:
its technical features and some experimental results. Computational Linguistics 11
(1), pp. 18-27 [PDF, 976KB] [Reprinted in: Jonathan Slocum (ed.) Machine translation systems.
(1976) Shiu-Chang Loh: CULT, Chinese University Language Translator
[abstract]. In: FBIS Seminar on Machine Translation, 8-9 March 1976,
(1965) Swaminathan Madhu & Dean W.Lytle: A figure of merit technique for the resolution of
non-grammatical ambiguity. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965; pp.9-13
[PDF, 167KB]
(1952)
Victor A. Oswald: Microsemantics. Presented at the Conference on Mechanical Translation, June 1952,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [PDF, 95KB]
Economics of MT see index of applications
Evaluation
measures and metrics [see also Test corpora]
(1989)
Rita McCardell: [review of] Machine
translation: linguistic characteristics of MT systems and general methodology
of evaluation [by] John Lehrberger and Laurent Bourbeau (John Benjamins
Publishing Co., 1988). Computational Linguistics 15 (3), pp.
194-195 [PDF, 253KB]
(1979)
Georges van Slype: Critical study of methods for
evaluating the quality of machine translation. Final
report.
(1966) John B. Carroll: An
experiment in evaluating the quality of translations. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3
and 4, September and December 1966; pp.55-66 [PDF, 264KB]
(1966)
John B.Carroll: An experiment in evaluating the
quality of translations. Appendix 10 in: Language and machines: computers in translation and linguistics. A
report by the Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee, Division of
Behavioral Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences – National Research
Council, 1966); pp.67-75. [PDF, 144KB]
(1965) Sheila M. Pfafflin: Evaluation of machine translation by reading
comprehension tests and subjective judgments. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 8, no.2, February 1965;
pp.2-8 [PDF, 179KB]
(1956)
George A.Miller & J.G.Beebe-Center: Some
psychological methods for evaluating the quality of translations. Mechanical Translation 3 (3), December
1956; pp. 73-80 [PDF, 151KB]
Evaluations of systems [see also User
experiences in index of applications]
(1988) Alan K. Melby: Lexical transfer: between a source rock and a hard
target. Coling Budapest: Proceedings
of the 12th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 22-27 August 1988, John
von Neumann Society for Computing Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; vol.2,
pp.411-413. [PDF, 271KB]
(1967)
Bozena Henisz-Dostert: Experimental machine
translation. In: William M.Austin (ed) Papers in linguistics in honor of Léon
Dostert (
(1967) David B. Orr & Victor H. Small: Comprehensibility of machine-aided translations of
Russian scientific documents. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 10, nos.1 and 2, March and
June 1967; pp.1-10 [PDF, 191KB]
(1966) John B. Carroll: An
experiment in evaluating the quality of translations. Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, nos.3
and 4, September and December 1966; pp.55-66 [PDF, 264KB]
Example-based
MT
(1984)
Makoto Nagao: A framework of a mechanical translation
between Japanese and English by analogy principle, Artificial and human intelligence: edited review papers presented
at the international NATO Symposium, October 1981,
Expert
systems see Artificial Intelligence and MT
FAHQT (Fully
automatic high quality translation)
(1968) A. Ljudskanov: Is the generally accepted strategy of machine-translation
research optimal? Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 11, nos.1 and 2,
March and June 1968; pp. 14-21 [PDF, 222KB]
(1960/1964)
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel: A demonstration of the
nonfeasibility of fully automatic high quality translation. Reprinted in:
Y.Bar-Hillel, Language and information
(Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1964), 174-179.[PDF,
89KB]
Failures of MT (see also Unknown
words)
(1987) Ralph M. Weischedel & Lance A.
Ramshaw: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process ill-formed
language. In: Sergei Nirenburg (ed.) Machine translation: theoretical and
methodological issues (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987);
pp.155-167
(1985) Ralph M. Weischedel: Reflections on the knowledge needed to process
ill-formed language. Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical and
Methodological Issues in Machine Translation of Natural Languages, Colgate University,
Hamilton, New York, August 14-16, 1985 [TMI-1985]; pp. 348-358. [PDF, 187KB]
(1980)
Martin Kay: The proper place of men and machines in
language translation.
Finite-state
methods (see also Statistical analysis)
(1975) J. Chauche: The ATEF and CETA systems. American Journal of Computational
Linguistics, microfiche 17; pp. 21-40. [PDF, 3453KB]
(1966) P.H.Matthews: A
procedure for morphological encoding. Mechanical
Translation and Computational Linguistics, vol. 9, no.1, March 1966;
pp.15-21 [PDF, 210KB]
(1961) W. Smoke & E. Dubinsky: A program for the machine translation of natural
languages. Mechanical Translation, vol. 6, November
1961; pp.2-10. [PDF, 233KB]
Formalisms see Grammar
formalisms
Functional
unification grammar see Unification
grammar
Future
prospects and predictions (see also Proposed systems)
(1989) Yukio Honda: Expectations for machine translation. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. ix-x. [PDF,
78KB]
(1989) M. Kay: Machines
and people in translation. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 26-27. [PDF,
86KB]
(1989) M. Kay: Concluding
remarks 2 [at Machine Translation
Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine
translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 192-196 [PDF, 105KB]
(1989) Margaret King: New
directions in MT systems: a change in paradigm.MT
(1989) Makoto Nagao: Japanese view of the future of machine translation.
MT
(1989) Makoto Nagao, Hozumi Tanaka, Akira
Kubota, Kazuhiro Fuchi, & Akira Kikuchi: Review
on Machine Translation Summit (post-Summit discussion) – May 9, 1988. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo:
Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 201-209 [PDF, 127KB]
(1989) Christian Rohrer: New directions in MT systems. MT Summit
II, August 16-18, 1989, Munich, Germany [
(1989) Loll Rolling: Concluding remarks 1 [at Machine Translation Summit, 1987]. In: Makoto Nagao (ed.) Machine translation summit (Tokyo: Ohmsha, 1989), pp. 187-191 [PDF,
121KB]
(1987)