NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY

SYMPOSIUM No.13

1961 International Conference

on Machine Translation of

Languages and Applied

Language Analysis

Proceedings of the conference held

at the National Physical Laboratory,

Teddington, Middlesex,

on 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th September

[London:Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1962]

CONTENTS

OPENING ADDRESS

SIR GORDON SUTHERLAND, F.R.S. 1

SESSION 1. CHAIRMAN: Dr. A. M. UTTLEY, National Physical Laboratory, U.K. 5

27 A preliminary approach to Japanese-English automatic translation 7

SUSUMU KUNO, Harvard University, U.S.A.

Discussion on paper 27 24

34 A new model of syntactic description 25

F. R. PARKER-RHODES, Cambridge Language Research Unit, U.K.
Presentation and discussion of paper 34 61

SESSION 2. CHAIRMAN: Prof. SILVIO CECCATO, University of Milan, Italy. 63

6 Random generation of English sentences 65

VICTOR H. YNGVE, MIT, U.S.A.
Presentation and discussion of paper 6 81

9 The classification of English verbs by object types 83

SEYMOUR CHATMAN, University of California, U.S.A.
Presentation and discussion of paper 9 95

13 Structure at the lexical level and its implication for transfer grammar 97

EDWARD S. KLIMA, MIT, U.S.A.

Presentation and discussion of paper 13 109

32 The application of the article in English 111

JEHANE BARTON, University of Milan, Italy
Presentation and discussion of paper 32 119

SESSION 3. CHAIRMAN: M. EMILE DELAVENAY, UNESCO 123

11 Recognition of clauses and phrases in machine translation of languages 125

FRANZ L. ALT and IDA RHODES, National Bureau of Standards, U.S.A.

18 The identification of nested structures in predictive syntactic analysis 143

MURRAY E. SHERRY, Air Force Cambridge Research Labs., U.S.A.

Presentations and discussions of papers 11 and 18 156

12 A fourth level of linguistic analysis 159

MICHAEL ZARECHNAK, Georgetown University, U.S.A.
Discussion on paper 12 172

2 Automatic sentence diagramming 175

WARREN PLATH, Harvard University, U.S.A.
Discussion on paper 2 192

14 A preliminary structural transfer system 195

WILLIAM D. FOUST and JULIA WALKLING, Harvard University, U.S.A.
Discussion on paper 14 207

SESSION 4. CHAIRMAN: Mr. RICHARD SEE, National Science Foundation, U.S.A. 209

24 A note on categorial grammars 211

R.P.MITCHELL, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, U.S.A.
Presentation and discussion of paper 24 220

30 Human translation and translation by machine, I 221

SILVIO CECCATO and BRUNA ZONTA, University of Milan, Italy
Presentation and discussion of paper 3O 247

19 Linguistic analysis or Russian chemical terminology 249

JOHN H. WAHLGREN, University of California, U.S.A.

17 Machine translation of Russian organic chemical names into English by analysis and resynthesls of the component fragments 265

LAWRENCE SUMMERS, Georgetown University, U.S.A.
Discussion on papers 19 and 17 278

SESSION 5. CHAIRMAN: Dr. ANDREW D. BOOTH, Birkbeck College, U.K. 281

26 Intrinsic machine addressing in automatic translation 283

YVES LECERF, Euratom, Brussels
Presentation and discussion of paper 26 313

20 Source-language specifications with table lookup and high-capacity dictionary 317

LEW R. MICKLESEN, IBM Corporation, U.S.A.

Presentation and discussion of paper 20 341

23 A technique for consistent splitting of Russian words 343

DONALD W. DAVIES and ANTHONY M. DAY, National Physical
Laboratory, U.K.

4 The grammatical interpretation of Russian inflected forms using a stem dictionary 363

JOHN McDANIEL and STEPHEN WHELAN, National Physical Laboratory, U.K.
Discussion on papers 23 and 4 378

33 On problems of address in an automatic dictionary of French 379

PIERRE MEILE, Ecole Natlonale des Langues Orientales Vivantes, France
Presentation and discussion of paper 33 400

Volume II

SESSION 6. CHAIRMAN: Dr. GILBERT W. KING, IBM Corporation, U.S.A. 403

15 Multiple meaning in machine translation 405

AMELIA JANIOTIS and HARRY H. JOSSELSON, Wayne State University, U.S.A.
Discussion on paper 15 415

25 Mechanised semantic classification 417

KAREN SPARCK-JONES, Cambridge Language Research Unit, U.K.

Discussion on paper 25 434

36 Semantic message detection for machine translation, using an interlingua 437

MARGARET MASTERMAN, Cambridge Language Research Unit, U.K.
Discussion on paper 36 475

22 Russian—СЯ verbs; impersonally used verbs, and subject-object ambiguities 477
IRINA LYNCH, Harvard University, U.S.A.
Discussion on paper 22 503

SESSION 7. CHAIRMAN: Prof. ANTHONY G. OETTINGER, Harvard University, U.S.A. 505

31 Human translation and translation by machine, II 507

E. V. GLASERSFELD, et al., University of Milan, Italy
Discussion on paper 31 529

10 Analysis by synthesis of natural languages 531

G. H. MATTHEWS, MIT, U.S.A.
Discussion on paper 10 541

8 On the semantical interpretation of linguistic entities that function structurally 543

ELINOR K. CHARNEY, MIT, U.S.A.

Presentation and discussion of paper 8 557

29 The mechanical analysis of language 561

MICHAEL LEVISON, Birkbeck College, U.K.
Discussion on paper 29 575

3 On the value of dependency connections 577

DAVID G. HAYS, The RAND Corporation, U.S.A.
Presentation and discussion of paper 3 591

28 Syntax in universal translation 593

ITIROO SAKAI, Defense Agency, Japan
Presentation and discussion of paper 28 609

SESSION 6. CHAIRMAN: Dr. HAROLD WOOSTER, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, U.S.A. 611

Construction of a textual analysis algorithm with the aid of a computing machine 613

OLGA S. KULAGINA, Steklov Mathematical Institute, Moscow, USSR.

Discussion on Miss Kulagina's paper. 613

35 Introduction to an automatic English syntax(by fragmentation) 615

ROBERT TABORY, IBM-France, and MICHAEL CORBE, Languages Division, UNESCO
Discussion on paper 35 653

1 Automatic linguistic analysis - a heuristic problem 655

PAUL L. GARVIN, Ramo-Wooldrige Labs., U.S.A.
Discussion on paper 1 670

21 On the mechanization of syntactic analysis 673

SYDNEY McD. LAMB, University of California, U.S.A.
Presentation and discussion of paper 21 685

5 Procedures for the determination of distributional classes 687

KENNETH E. HARPER, The RAND Corporation, U.S.A.

Presentation and discussion of paper 5 699

PAPERS SELECTED FOR, BUT NOT PRESENTED AT, THE CONFERENCE

7 An approach to the segmentation problem in speech analysis and language translation 703

GERARD SALTON and R. W. THORPE, Harvard University, U.S.A.

16 Transformation criteria for the classification of predicative genitive constructions in Russian 725

DEAN S. WORTH, The RAND Corporation, U.S.A.

APPENDIX

List of delegates, with addresses 737